Introduction to Wu Da J, an epitaph in Qing Dynasty; Is the failure of the Sino-Japanese War related to Wu Da J?

The character has been reorganizing the army and consolidating the border defense all his life.

1867 (six years of Tongzhi) Jinshi, awarded editorial review. Learn politics for Shaanxi and Gansu. 1877 (the third year of Guangxu) went to Shanxiang and Shanxiang for relief, and visited the disaster area, which was sponsored by Zuo and Zuo. The following year, he was awarded Hebei Road. 1880 (6th year of Guangxu), he was given the title of Sanpin Qing, and handled the border affairs of Ningguta, Samsung and Hunchun with Ming 'an of Jilin General. The following year, he was awarded the title of Taipu Temple Minister. In April of that year, Wu Dawei went to Jilin with Ming 'an to help handle all matters, and was immediately changed to "supervising". He arrived in Kyrgyzstan in June, that is, he discussed defense matters with Ming 'an in Jilin General, and made many achievements in reorganizing the army, guarding and consolidating the border.

Wu Da and Jilin General Ming 'an set up border guards in Jilin. Change the original Eight Banners soldiers, abolish the hereditary system and change to the recruitment system. * * * Establish a 5000-strong defense force in 13 battalion. The following year, the number of defense troops increased to 9000, which was later collectively called Jingbian Army. After strict training, it has become a powerful force. In Hunchun, the East-West Fort was built. In order to prevent Russia from invading from the water, Tumen River and Songhua River Naval Battalion were also established. At the same time, the General Administration of Land Reclamation was established to implement the policy of border consolidation. After on-the-spot investigation, he decided to set up Hunchun Reclamation Bureau with Hunchun and Sanchakou as reclamation centers, with Wudaogou and Nangang sub-bureaus. The scope of reclamation is wide and many preferential policies have been stipulated. At the end of 1880, in order to provide convenience for reclamation, business travel and the army, a 600-mile-long avenue and a north-south route from Ningguta to the capital of Jilin Province were built, and more than 100 wooden bridges were built. At the same time, many post stations have been added to strengthen the border defense forces.

1883 (the ninth year of Guangxu), France expanded from Viet Nam to China and was ordered to run Beiyang military affairs. 1884, moved to the left vice capital. Imperial edict to North Korea to deal with Shen Jia incident and Japanese aggression against North Korea.

Delimitation through consultation and reasoning

1885 (11th year of Guangxu reign) On June 8th, Wu Guohui and Deputy Commander Hunchun reconnoitered the East Line. After repeated argumentation by Wu Da and Iktangga, they finally reached an agreement. On June1886 65438+1October 12, the Sino-Russian Hunchun East Border Agreement and the Sino-Russian Border Highway Demarcation Book were formally signed. Including the addition of "earth" plate, the addition of "pull", "scatter" and "horse" jiepai and one to eighteen marks; Take back the black top; We won the navigation right of the Tumen River estuary, thus defending the sacred territory of the motherland. The Dragon and Tiger Stone Carvings and Pentagonal Monument Pavilion, which stand in the urban area of Hunchun with the architectural style of Qing Dynasty, were established by the people of Hunchun to commemorate the victory of patriotic minister Wu Da in the negotiation. The front of the stone carving is engraved with the word "Dragon and Tiger" and the lower left is engraved with "Uncle Wu". The font is smooth and magnificent. During the negotiation, Wu Dayu wrote the words "dragon" and "tiger" many times, expressing his fearless patriotic spirit of "looking at the dragon". 1886, he served as the chief representative of China, and held demarcation negotiations with Russia in Yanchu River-Hunchun. He argued with the Russian representative, recovered more than 100 miles of territory illegally occupied by Russia, and corrected the word "earth" in jiepai. Won the navigation rights of China ships at the mouth of Tumen River.

1887 (13th year of Guangxu reign) was transferred to the governor of Guangdong province to fight against the Portuguese invasion of Macao and seven villages in Xiangshan.

Incognito inspection, corrupt officials dismissed.

1887 (13th year of Guangxu) In August, the Yellow River in Shibao, Zhengzhou burst southward and was seriously damaged. First, the Governor of Shandong, Henan Province, and the Governor of Henan Province, Ni, presided over the blockade, and the court sent Li Hongzao, a minister of does, to supervise the renovation project. 1888 (14th year of Guangxu) In May, the city gate broke ground and failed. Li Henian and others were fired. In July, the emperor appointed Wu Da as the governor of Shandong River in Henan Province to take over the work of blocking the mouth, and acceded to the throne in August of the same year. He thinks that there are many disadvantages for river workers to send and receive materials by blocking their mouths, but he is traveling incognito alone, mixed among migrant workers who support himself, and carrying straw materials on his back. Wu Dayi found that there was a shortage of materials and deducted wages, so he led the masses to argue with the material management officials. When the official was about to push Dacheng off the whip, the entourage immediately stood up and shouted, He is the river chief. Who dares to do it? At this time, Wu Da ordered the officials in charge of materials to be punished with sticks, and displayed them on the construction site with cangue as an example.

Harnessing the Yellow River is well planned.

Wu Da made a careful plan for the plugging project and took appropriate measures. For officials at work, the division of labor is clear and strict. He swore that if he couldn't finish the work within the time limit, he would also die in the line of duty. All the workers were in awe, so they stopped it day and night and closed the dragon in that year1February (1888). This project saves more than 600,000 yuan compared with the appropriation bank. Wu Daren attached great importance to dangerous workers in Zhengzhou, Zhongmou and Kaifeng when he was managing the river. He said: The stone dike at the top of the Dawang Temple in Zhongtoubao, the herringbone dam and Tuotou dam in Babao (in Zhongmou), the Shuner dam in Xia 'an Hall and the Gai dam in Jiubao (in Kaifeng) are all very important and are the gateways to the provincial capital. He advocated building dams and strengthening projects with cement masonry, which was the beginning of repairing projects with cement on the Yellow River.

1885 (in the 11th year of Guangxu), he called for a new method to survey the Yellow River, and measured the river length 102 1 km from Jindouguan (now Lingbaojing) in Ganxiang County, Henan Province to Haikou, tiemenguan, Lijin, Shandong Province. The following year, the map was completed and browsed by Emperor Guangxu, and it was named "Full Map of the Yellow River in Three Provinces".

After the completion of Zhengzhou Shibao Project, due to the southward trend of the river, it will collapse on the embankment. Wu Da sized up the situation and built a stone dam in front of Babao Old Beach in Xingze (now Li Xihe, Zhengzhou). When it was finished, a stone tablet was erected. The inscription reads: "The old beach is hard, but it collapses when it slides, and the dike gradually collapses. Today, I will build a dam to protect this ancient beach. It's not easy not to go to the beach. It is better to keep the beach. " This paper expounds his thought of consolidating beaches and protecting dikes and managing rivers.

After Wu Dazhi successfully managed the river, he was actually awarded the governor of the river and was awarded a top hat.

Be defeated in old age and die with regret.

1894 (20th year of Guangxu), the Sino-Japanese War broke out, and Master Wu was appointed as the governor of Hunan and was invited to join the army. 15, 17 in August, even telegraphed "Please command the Xiang army to bid war in the DPRK". Soon, he was allowed by the Qing court to "go north with courage." Xuan was appointed as the Deputy Military Envoy of the Eastern Expedition.

1895 (in the 21st year of Guangxu) 65438+ 10, Wu Da led more than 20 battalions of the new and old Xiang Army out of the customs and arrived at Tianzhuangtai on 1 1 February. On February 2 1 day, Wu Da joined forces with Heilongjiang generals Iktangga, Jilin General Changshun and Song Qing to carry out the fourth counterattack against Haicheng. At that time, there were more than 100 battalions and more than 30 thousand people in the Qing army near Haicheng. Although there are many troops, due to the complex system, there are Xiang Army, Chu Army, Huai Army and Northeast Army, which are not subordinate to each other and lack unified command. Wu Daming is a military assistant in Renyi, but he can't command the whole army. Most generals will "support the troops according to the key points and wait and see, but at first glance they can't win a decisive victory." There are only 20 battalions in the army under Sister Wu's system, and most of the generals of the Xiang army in Guannei led by him are incompetent and afraid of death. When dispatched, "it's too late to die." Liu Shuyuan, the leader of the pro-army, "chickened out" when facing the enemy, and Wu Yuankai, the leader of the artillery team, "retreated at the same speed" when he heard the situation. Wu Da underestimated the enemy and lacked serious arrangements for the overall situation of the war. Just when Wu Da and others concentrated their forces on attacking Haicheng, the Japanese army took advantage of the weakness of the Qing army and adopted a containment tactic of "pretending to attack Liaoyang and actually taking Niuzhuang". On March 3rd, the 3rd and 5th Divisions were sent to attack Niuzhuang. Wu Da and others failed to see through the Japanese plot, ignored Niuzhuang and besieged Haicheng. Due to the emptiness of Niuzhuang's defense, it was captured by the Japanese in one day. On the day of the fall of Niuzhuang, Wu Da rushed from Tianzhuangtai to Shishan Station. "After repeated battles and defeats along the way, the situation has collapsed." After Wu Da retreated from Shishan Station, Song Qing defended Yingkou's main force and retreated to Tianzhuangtai, which led to the emptiness of Yingkou's troops. On March 7, the Japanese army easily captured Yingkou, and Tianzhuangtai was subsequently captured. Tianzhuangtai fell, "the Xiang army was defeated, and there were too many casualties, which made people depressed." Wu Da was furious with Xiang and tried to commit suicide by drawing his sword, but he was blocked by the left and right. But he sighed and said, "I can't beat the army. Please discuss it." /kloc-in March of 0/7, the Qing court ordered the removal of Wu Da's deputy military affairs post and handed it over to the Ministry for discussion. Revoke one's post, stay in office, and find a job. 1898 (twenty-four years of Guangxu) was dismissed by decree and was no longer used.

Since then, forced by his livelihood, he used to be the head of Shanghai Longmen Academy, self-taught and self-sufficient, and sold his personal collection of calligraphy and painting, rubbings and ancient bronzes to supplement his daily use.

1902 (the 28th year of Guangxu), Wu Da died at the age of 68. Weng Tong, who lives in Yushan, learned of Wu Da's death, and the planning team sent elegiac couplet:

Civil and military capital, South China Sea and North Sea;

Han Song has always been a teacher.

Horizontal batch: Cang Jiang Yi Shi

Artistic Features Wu Da is good at identifying and researching ancient Chinese characters, and has also made achievements in seal cutting, calligraphy and painting. Wu Da's calligraphy is most famous for seal script. His seal script is very distinctive, combining the ancient seal script with the small seal script, and his skill is very deep, that is, he usually uses neat and exquisite seal script for it, with neat rules and unique feelings. He studied seal script with Chen Shuo's father in his early years, and took part in the study of ancient seal script after middle age, which was of great benefit to calligraphy. In Qin dynasty, he studied stone with Xiao Zhuan, and his calligraphy was like Li. Later, inspired by Yang Yisun, he combined Biography with inscriptions on bronze and wrote The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Filial Piety and Letters in this way. His seal script was uneven in size, elegant and simple, which was a creation at that time. He studied epigraphy deeply, which broadened his vision of pre-Qin characters and made his seal script draw a lot of nutrition from it. Wu capitalized seal script and liked to use official script. His official script is horizontal and vertical, and he also carries the Fahan tablet. It is quite interesting for Huang Tingjian to learn Zeng Guofan in running script. Wu Da is also famous for his poems and essays. He is the author of more than ten works, including Poems and Songs Collection, Notes on Ancient Chinese Characters, Notes on Characters, Records of Ancient Chinese Characters, Textual Research on Ancient Jade, Examination of Weights and Measures, Records of Heng Xuan Collection, Notes on Jilin Boundary, and Seal of Sixteen Villages in Jin Fu.

Wu Da, who does textual research on ancient jade, has a lot of research on ancient jade. I also like teapot. I once invited Huang Yulin, a famous pot maker at that time, to my house to make pots. There is a "bad" pattern of Yang Wen on the bottom of the pot. Simple pot shape, good at painting landscape flowers, good at calligraphy.