Who can tell me about the Ludlow incident in the United States in 1914?

The "Ludlow Massacre" - as the history books later term it - is one of the most famous (or infamous) events in the history of American labor and, in my family's history, the most One of the important events.

Ludlow is a coal mining town in southern Colorado, where Colorado Fuel & Iron (CF&I)—my grandfather owned nearly 40% of the company— Operates several coal mines and other facilities. My grandfather, who has retired long ago, still holds a large number of shares in many companies, but he regards those shares as passive investments in the securities field and does not pay close attention to their management. My father served on CF&I's board of directors, but the company's meetings were held in New York and he had never inspected the company's operations in Colorado.

In September 1913, more than 9,000 miners in the southern Colorado mining area—including CF&I—represented by the United Mine Workers went on strike and proposed several conditions. These include wages, working hours, safety conditions and—most importantly—union recognition. Months of violence between striking workers and guards hired by companies forced Colorado's governor to call in the National Guard. The situation worsened throughout the winter. On April 20, 1914, open war broke out. Eleven women and children suffocated to death in burning tents during a fierce battle between striking workers and guardsmen, and dozens of people on both sides died or were injured in the days following the incident, which finally forced President Wilson to Federal troops were sent to suppress it.

It was a terrible tragedy. Because Rockefeller's name evoked strong emotions, both grandfather and father were drawn into the conflict. There was even a demonstration outside our home on West 54th Street, accusing the Rockefellers of committing Ludlow's "crime."

Before and after the Ludlow tragedy, my father served on several congressional committees investigating the situation in Colorado. At first, he took a hard line against striking workers—no doubt influenced by Gates, who believed that striking workers were no better than anarchists. After the Ludlow incident, my father began to doubt Gates' position. He fired the hated CF&I boss and hired Ivy Lee. Li suggested that his father retain a labor expert to help him solve the problem. Lee went far beyond building an image; he convinced his father that he had to deal with the root causes of the miners' dissatisfaction.

My father then hired William Leon Mackenzie King—who later became Canada's Prime Minister. Mr. King became his father's closest friend. At his suggestion, my father implemented an "Industry Representative Plan" at CF&I, which became a milestone in the history of labor relations. My father traveled to Colorado with King and spent several days meeting with the miners and even dancing with the miners' wives at the Square Ball.

My father's goal was to improve labor relations in the United States by addressing the plight of laborers and convincing businessmen of their broader responsibilities to their workers. For this purpose, his involvement in labor issues did not end with Ludlow, but regarded it as his central interest in the future. In the early 1920s, he founded a company - Industrial Relations Counselors - to provide labor relations consulting services to companies. The company is very popular with people. Several large corporate groups in the United States—including several within the Standard Oil Group—have used its consulting services.

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The Ludlow incident marked the father's entry into a new stage in his life.

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The Ludlow affair and everything that followed seemed to have convinced the grandfather that his son was more than qualified to shoulder the responsibility of managing his vast fortune. Beginning in 1917, my grandfather gradually transferred his remaining assets to his father—approximately $500 million at the time, equivalent to $10 billion today. My father immediately began to restructure his life to accommodate the responsibilities that came with his vast fortune. Fundamentally, his goals are entirely consistent with the Rockefeller Foundation's motto: to further "benefit people around the world." This meant remaining actively involved in the various institutions his grandfather had founded—the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, the Committee on Popular Education, and the Rockefeller Foundation—and for which he had assumed major leadership responsibilities. But he also had the opportunity to launch projects of his own - covering almost all areas of human activity, from religion to science, the environment, politics and culture.