Taihang Mountain Spirit

Carry forward the spirit of Taihang Mountain and stick to the road of poverty alleviation in Taihang Mountain

Starting from 1979, the Science and Technology Commission of Hebei Province organized the scientific and technological forces of the whole province to carry out technical and economic development in Taihang Mountain area, and used advanced and applicable technologies to develop local superior resources, which enabled farmers to get rid of poverty quickly and embarked on a new path of poverty alleviation through science and technology. The State Council sent a congratulatory message to this end, and the State Science and Technology Commission sent a congratulatory letter, which is known as "Taihang Mountain Road". After the Seventh Five-Year Plan, with the strong support of the State Science and Technology Commission and the correct leadership of the provincial party committee and government, the agricultural science and technology work in the province has always adhered to the policy of facing the main battlefield of poverty alleviation and development, actively carried forward the Taihang Mountain spirit, and expanded and extended the poverty alleviation work through science and technology to the poverty-stricken areas in the province, making contributions to promoting the rural economic development in the poverty-stricken areas and realizing the poverty alleviation of the poor people in the province.

First, scientifically formulate the strategy of poverty alleviation through science and technology according to time.

Poverty alleviation through science and technology is an important part of the poverty alleviation strategy implemented by the party and the government. According to the needs of the poverty alleviation and development strategy of our province, the Science and Technology Commission of Hebei Province has formulated the overall strategy of poverty alleviation through science and technology in Hebei Province, that is, by promoting the development of science and technology in poverty-stricken areas, we will strive to balance and meet the practical and strategic needs of poverty-stricken areas and poor people; While helping poverty-stricken areas to achieve economic development, it is taken from "I want official documents network" (www.5 1gongwen.com), and at the same time contributes to the sustainable development of economy, society and ecology in poverty-stricken areas. In order to achieve the overall strategic goal of poverty alleviation through science and technology, according to the requirements of poverty alleviation and development work in different periods and the changes of economic development situation in our province, the strategic focus of poverty alleviation through science and technology in different periods was determined.

During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, combined with the implementation of the national Spark Plan, the strategic focus of poverty alleviation through science and technology in this period was determined, that is, changing "blood transfusion" into "hematopoiesis" to help the poor, sending scientific and technological sparks to poor areas through scientific and technological going to the countryside, scientific and technological training, and the implementation of scientific and technological projects, so as to improve the backward appearance of poor areas as soon as possible. During this period, our province has developed and popularized advanced and applicable technologies such as high-yield cultivation of fruit trees, comprehensive cultivation of grain yield, transformation of low-and medium-yield fields, increase of cotton production in saline-alkali land, comprehensive utilization of agricultural and sideline products in Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain area, Bashang alpine area, saline-alkali area of Heilonggang and reservoir resettlement area, forming a characteristic pillar industry with regional characteristics. The combination of science and technology and poverty alleviation has not only fundamentally changed the situation of low and unstable agricultural output and single crop variety in poor areas, but also effectively promoted the development of rural economy in poor areas and accelerated the pace of poverty alleviation for poor people.

In the 1990s, from the perspective of promoting the development of "two high and one excellent" agriculture, we focused on the expansion of agricultural science and technology scale and the improvement of scientific and technological level in poor areas, and increased the research on new product development and key yield-increasing technologies, which provided technical support for improving the production capacity of major agricultural products and increasing farmers' income. To this end, we have established a number of comprehensive experimental areas for tackling key scientific and technological problems in the Heilonggang River Basin, mountainous areas and Bashang, where poor people are concentrated. The purpose is to carry out intermediate experiments and demonstrations of scientific research and achievements according to the restrictive factors of agricultural development in different regions, form a number of technical systems suitable for different types of regions, and promote the steady development of rural economy in the whole poverty-stricken areas. Heilonggang Basin is located in the plain, with barren saline-alkali land, arid climate and serious groundwater mineralization, but good lighting conditions and rich forage resources. In view of this feature, the strategic policy of poverty alleviation through science and technology is determined, which focuses on transforming middle and low yield fields and developing comprehensive agricultural technology in breeding industry. There is little arable land per capita in mountainous areas, poor soil quality and lack of water resources. However, barren hills, beaches, slopes and other non-arable land resources are rich, and soil erosion is serious. Therefore, on the basis of comprehensive management of mountains, water, forests, fields and roads, we should make great efforts to "economic ditch" and improve the ecological environment and production conditions in order to improve the comprehensive agricultural development ability. Bashang area has more cultivated land and vast grassland, but the climatic conditions are harsh, the frost-free period is short, and the problems of soil desertification, grassland degradation and alkalization are prominent. According to the actual situation in this area, a comprehensive technology development strategy combining economic development with eco-agricultural engineering construction is formulated to promote the coordinated development of agriculture, forestry, grass, animal husbandry and water in Bashang area. The establishment of a comprehensive experimental zone for tackling key scientific and technological problems has developed a number of advanced and applicable technologies, new varieties and new products for poor areas, and provided important technical support for the development of agriculture and rural economy in poor areas. According to statistics, during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to agricultural growth reached 35%, which effectively promoted poverty alleviation and development in our province.

During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, with the in-depth implementation of the "Eighth Seven-Year Plan" and the acceleration of poverty alleviation and development, poverty alleviation has entered the most difficult stage. At the same time, with the deepening of market agriculture and the implementation of China's sustainable development strategy, new requirements have been put forward for poverty alleviation through science and technology in our province. In order to meet the needs of the new situation, during this period, the focus of science and technology poverty alleviation in our province is to strengthen scientific and technological research in the agricultural comprehensive experimental area in poverty-stricken areas, strengthen the comprehensive management of small watersheds and the development of rural industrialization, and strive to solve key technical problems such as poor ecological conditions, complex geographical environment and constraints on economic development in poverty-stricken areas. Through increasing production, improving quality and increasing efficiency, the growth mode of agriculture and rural economy in poverty-stricken areas will be changed from extensive to intensive, and the sustainable development of rural economy in poverty-stricken areas and the cycle of farmers getting rid of poverty will be realized.

In the past fifteen years, the poverty alleviation work in our province has vigorously promoted the Taihang Mountain spirit and closely relied on scientific and technological progress, providing important technical support for the province to get rid of poverty. Driven by poverty alleviation through science and technology, our province has also made remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation and development. From 1986, the poverty-stricken population in our province decreased from100/0000 to 7.06 million in 1994, with an average annual poverty alleviation of 370,000 people. 1994-1000 at the end of 1999, excluding the1600,000 people who returned to poverty due to disasters that year, the poverty-stricken population in the province has been reduced from 7.06 million to 39 1000, a decrease of 94? 5%。 1999, the per capita net income of farmers in 46 poverty-stricken counties in the province reached 1746 yuan, an increase of 3. 1 times compared with 1993. Our province has made such brilliant achievements in poverty alleviation and development, thanks to science and technology.

Second, relying on scientific and technological progress to speed up the process of poverty alleviation in our province.

For more than ten years, our province has always adhered to the policy of development-oriented poverty alleviation, given full play to the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, made efforts to promote the organic combination of science and technology and poverty alleviation and development, comprehensively improved the scientific and technological content and efficiency of rural economic growth in poverty-stricken areas, and made scientific and technological progress a powerful driving force for the process of poverty alleviation.

(1) Strengthen scientific and technological training and publicity to improve the scientific, technological and cultural quality of cadres and farmers in poverty-stricken areas.

1, establish a spark training base, and make full use of the training base to carry out training. First, organize experts and technicians from inside and outside the province to run advanced and practical technical training courses, strengthen the training of technicians, managers and farmers at county, township and village levels by stages, and comprehensively improve the scientific, technological and cultural quality of the people in poverty-stricken areas in a planned and step-by-step manner; Second, according to the specific problems in production, organize experts to give lectures and provide technical guidance to the production line; The third is to conduct technical training in combination with the implementation of scientific and technological development and technology promotion projects.

2, the use of various forms, vigorously carry out the activities of sending science and technology to the countryside. First, use modern media to spread scientific and technological knowledge. Record the advanced technologies and achievements that need to be popularized into special videos and tapes, and broadcast them continuously on TV stations and radio stations in cities and counties to teach farmers technology and popular science knowledge; The second is to use the market to organize scientific and technological personnel of relevant departments to catch up with scientific and technological collections, distribute agricultural scientific and technological materials and clear papers; The third is to hold the agricultural knowledge grand prix and the excellent animal husbandry variety grand prix to fully mobilize farmers' interest and enthusiasm in learning and applying science and technology.

3, give full play to the important role of agricultural colleges and scientific research units at all levels in our province in science and technology training. First, use agricultural colleges, agricultural broadcasting schools, agricultural technical schools and other positions to hire experts and professors to hold different types of training courses to train all kinds of professionals; Second, organize teachers and scientific and technological personnel from relevant institutions and scientific research units to compile rural practical technology series and training materials for poverty alleviation through science and technology to provide guidance for cadres and masses in poor areas to learn technology; The third is to organize scientific and technological personnel from relevant universities and scientific and technological units to form a scientific and technological poverty alleviation team and go deep into poverty-stricken areas to carry out scientific and technological consulting activities. Through the above various forms of technical training, 750,000 technical backbones and 50,000 management backbones have been trained, and more than 8 million farmers have mastered the applicable technology of 1-2.

(two) to increase the promotion of advanced and practical technology, and strive to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements to poor areas.

1, closely focus on the problem of food and clothing for the masses, and determine the key points of science and technology promotion according to time and place. The center of poverty alleviation through science and technology is to solve the problem of food and clothing for the masses. For more than ten years, we have always focused on practical technologies such as planting, aquaculture and processing with local agricultural and sideline products as raw materials, and according to the requirements of economic development in different periods and the characteristics of different regions, we have focused on promoting high-yield technologies of grain, cotton and oil, animal husbandry, aquaculture, forestry and fruit industry, as well as mature comprehensive technologies and major new agricultural technologies with great potential for increasing production and income. During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, we will focus on promoting excellent varieties of crops and livestock and poultry, rational fertilization, water-saving irrigation, plastic film mulching and other technologies; In the 1990s, the advanced and practical technologies of 15, such as improved varieties, model cultivation, plastic film mulching, and transformation of low-and medium-yield fields, were mainly popularized. Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, on the basis of continuing to do a good job in popularizing excellent new varieties of animals and plants, we have focused on popularizing comprehensive prevention and control technologies for major pests and diseases, water-saving agricultural technologies for dry farming, comprehensive supporting technologies for animal husbandry, and aquaculture technologies. Thereby ensuring the timely completion of the three strategic tasks in poverty-stricken areas.

2. Establish demonstration areas, villages and households for poverty alleviation through science and technology to promote the popularization of science and technology. First, according to the local agricultural site conditions and resource advantages, establish different types of science and technology demonstration zones. For example, according to the characteristics of mountainous areas, Bashang and Heilonggang River Basin, demonstration areas, demonstration fields, demonstration gardens and demonstration sites have been set up in different regions, which have promoted the popularization and application of advanced technologies. Second, we should not only pay attention to cultivating science and technology demonstration households, but also pay special attention to the construction of science and technology demonstration villages Village is a natural agricultural and rural economic unit, so it is of wider significance to strengthen village-level scientific and technological training and technical guidance and establish a scientific and technological demonstration village. Therefore, we always pay attention to the construction of science and technology demonstration villages and households in poverty alleviation through science and technology. For example, since the 1990s, our province has implemented the poverty alleviation project through science and technology in mountainous areas, that is, 200 well-off demonstration villages have been established in mountainous areas of the province every year, and key support has been given in terms of technology and capital, which has effectively promoted the popularization and application of advanced technology in mountainous areas and accelerated the process of poverty alleviation and development in mountainous areas of our province.

3, organize the establishment of farmers' science and technology service organizations, and strengthen the degree of organization of science and technology promotion and popularization. Over the years, in poverty alleviation through science and technology, we have paid attention to the role of farmers' self-organization and self-development, and organized various professional and technical associations with the county and township science and technology committees as the leader to popularize advanced and practical technologies. For example, we have established professional and technical associations in different parts of the province, such as farmers' edible fungi association, farmers' chicken raising association, red Fuji apple development association, watermelon association, peach association and so on. The establishment of professional technical associations has greatly mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for learning and applying science, and greatly improved farmers' scientific and technological cultural quality.

(three) to strengthen scientific and technological research, focus on solving key technical problems in poverty alleviation and development, and provide technical support for poverty alleviation through science and technology.

1. A number of comprehensive agricultural experimental zones have been established, which set a good example for poor areas to achieve sustainable development. Most of the poor people in our province are concentrated in the Heilonggang River Basin, mountainous areas and Bashang areas with harsh natural conditions, harsh ecological environment, complex geographical environment and backward economic development, and the regional conditions vary greatly from region to region. In view of this reality, our province has always adhered to the principle of facing the main battlefield of poverty alleviation and development, and set up 15 agricultural comprehensive experimental zone in national poverty-stricken counties in Daming, Quzhou, Nanpi, Pingshan, Tangxian, Longhua, Zhangbei and other different regions, and organized scientific and technological forces inside and outside the province to jointly tackle key problems, focusing on solving key technical problems in poverty-stricken areas with harsh ecological environment and complex geographical environment, so as to achieve sustainable agricultural development and poverty alleviation in different regions. For example, in August of 1996, heavy rain hit our province, causing great losses to people's lives and property in the disaster area. According to statistics, Taihang Mountain accounts for 5 of the 10 counties in the province. The experimental areas and experimental base points set up in Taihang Mountain area generally show strong ability to resist disasters and reduce disasters. Especially in Jiang Shui Experimental Area of Xingtai County, despite the daily rainfall of more than 600 mm, hundreds of economic ditches still achieved a bumper harvest. For another example, Zhangbei experimental area has solved the key problems of agriculture and animal husbandry production in the alpine and semi-arid farming-animal husbandry ecotone in northern China. Since the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", Zhangbei Experimental Zone has achieved 16 economic and scientific achievements in agriculture, animal husbandry and grass, including the third prize of national scientific and technological progress 1, the first prize of Hebei Province 1, the second prize of scientific and technological progress 1 and six third prizes of scientific and technological progress. 1997- 1999 During the three years, the total area of popularizing dry farming technology was 3,065,438+10,000 mu, including 27 million mu of dry farmland, 2.5 million mu of artificial grassland, 600,000 mu of vegetables in the wrong season, and the grain yield increased by 9? 500 million kilograms, hay 1? 900 million kg, with social and economic benefits of 2.310.90 billion yuan.

2, strengthen agricultural high-tech research, and enhance poverty alleviation and development through science and technology.

Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, with the continuous improvement of rural economic development level and the deepening of poverty alleviation and development, it is required that the scientific and technological poverty alleviation work must further improve the scientific and technological content of poverty alleviation projects and the technical level of poverty alleviation industries. In some conditional areas, by strengthening the research and application of agricultural high-tech, taking the integration and innovation of advanced technologies as a breakthrough, we will promote industrialization and enhance the stamina of poverty alleviation through science and technology. During this period, relying on universities and scientific research units inside and outside the province, combined with local resource advantages and production conditions, our province has set up a number of agricultural high-tech parks in poverty-stricken areas such as Zhangjiakou and Chengde. After several years of hard work. The scientific and technological content of agricultural high-tech parks in our province has been significantly improved, and a modern agricultural prototype integrating scientific research, development, production and processing has basically formed, which has effectively promoted the development of rural economy in poor areas.

3. Strengthen international technical cooperation and open up new sources of technology for poverty alleviation through science and technology. Actively carrying out technical exchanges and cooperation with foreign countries and introducing, digesting and absorbing foreign advanced agricultural technologies in time are effective ways to rapidly improve the level of agricultural science and technology in China and solve key technical problems in agricultural production in poverty-stricken areas as soon as possible. Since the Seventh Five-Year Plan, the agricultural science and technology front in our province has made a number of remarkable achievements in agricultural science and technology cooperation: for example, through the implementation of the dry farming projects of the Chinese and Canadian governments, the Canadian side donated more than 30 million yuan to carry out a number of key agricultural science and technology projects and solved a number of scientific and technological problems. Through the implementation of the Sino-Japanese inter-governmental scientific and technological cooperation project "Investigation on the Comprehensive Agricultural Development of Taihang Mountain in Hebei Province", the agricultural development plan of Taihang Mountain in Hebei Province was formulated, which laid the foundation for rational and effective development and utilization of Taihang Mountain resources, implementation of sustainable development strategy, and striving for foreign funds and special technical cooperation. The introduction of Japanese rice dry farming and sparse planting technology was first successfully tested in Longhua County, Chengde, a national poverty-stricken county, and was widely promoted in Chengde, Tangshan and other places, which achieved great economic benefits and won a special award from the governor. American insect-resistant cotton was successfully introduced in our province and demonstrated and popularized in the whole province on 1997. 1 1,000 mu, 1 1,999, the province planted more than 3 million mu, which played an important role in promoting the development of cotton industry in Heilonggang Basin of our province.

4. Develop famous brands and promote the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure in poor areas. The single agricultural industrial structure, poor product quality, weak market competitiveness, scattered industrial layout and low-level repetition in poor areas are important factors that seriously restrict the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy in poor areas. To this end, we attach great importance to the development of local superior agricultural and sideline products processing industry, and rely on local superior resources to develop a number of famous brand products and industries such as Mancheng strawberry, Lulong sweet potato, JD.COM chestnut and Cangzhou jujube, which have formed their own characteristics and advantages in domestic and foreign markets, effectively promoting the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the development of agricultural industrialization in poor areas.

Third, carry forward the spirit of Taihang Mountain and further improve poverty alleviation through science and technology.

Since the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", through the joint efforts of the province's science and technology fronts, our province's science and technology poverty alleviation work has achieved certain results, laying a good foundation for accelerating the poverty alleviation process in our province. However, there are still many problems that cannot be ignored that need to be solved in the future work. First, the phenomenon of returning to poverty after the disaster still exists. Some places that have initially solved the problem of food and clothing, because the production conditions have not been fundamentally improved, their ability to resist natural disasters is still very low, and once disasters occur, they will easily return to poverty. Therefore, it is still a long-term task to strengthen disaster reduction and prevention through science and technology and improve the ability of sustainable development. Second, the standard of basically solving food and clothing is still very low. In the future, there is still a long way to go to achieve a well-off society on this basis. Third, facing the challenge of joining the WTO, the international and domestic markets will be integrated, the market competition will be more intense, and the sales of agricultural products will be more difficult. Broadening the channels of increasing farmers' income in poverty-stricken areas will become a new difficulty and focus of poverty alleviation through science and technology.

Facing the new situation and new tasks, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Hebei Province's science and technology poverty alleviation work should vigorously carry forward the Taihang Mountain spirit, closely rely on scientific and technological progress, consolidate the achievements that have basically solved the problem of food and clothing, further improve the production and living conditions, take the rural low-income population as the object, take agricultural industrialization as the core, focus on the development and utilization of superior resources, and take improving the ecological environment as the long-term goal to realize the sustainable development of the economy, society and ecological environment in poverty-stricken areas. We will improve the backward situation in economy, science and technology, education and many other aspects in poor areas, shorten the gap with developed areas and wealthy population, gradually realize a well-off society, and push the poverty alleviation work through science and technology to a new stage.

According to the above assumptions, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Hebei Province will focus on three poverty alleviation projects through science and technology. First, comprehensive management of regional agriculture. Do a good job in the construction of 10 demonstration counties, 20 agricultural science and technology parks, 10 pillar industrial development zones with superior resources in mountainous areas, and 10 demonstration villages with well-off science and technology. The implementation of "comprehensive development and management of gneiss in Taihang Mountain area" has brought the speed, scale and level of development and management to a new level. The second is foreign scientific and technological cooperation. Focus on cooperation projects with JICA in Japan, NK in Finland, Hongwei Pharmaceutical in Hong Kong, ENE in Germany, Danish Biological Foundation, UNDP in the United Nations and CARE Australia. We will implement 10 cooperation projects such as water diversion in Shiling, Shahe City, investigation of agricultural resources in Taihang Mountain, rabbit breeding, straw processing, poverty alleviation through scientific and technological information, small watershed management, and agroforestry in northwest Hebei Province, and accelerate the pace of opening up in poor areas. The third is the development of key technologies. Focusing on the development and utilization of superior resources in poverty-stricken areas, a number of key technologies to increase production and efficiency have been developed in the aspects of new variety cultivation and introduction, dry farming, water-saving irrigation, product preservation, storage and transportation processing, and a number of high-tech achievements have been made to improve the scientific and technological level and people's scientific and technological quality in poverty-stricken areas.