Historical situation of longshui

As early as 10,000 years ago in the Neolithic Age, human beings had already lived and multiplied in Luoding. They live in caves in Pingtang, Jinji and other places today and live a life of fishing and hunting. Four or five thousand years ago, Luojiang, Luo Jing and Taiping River basins in Luoding were all over human life. In the early years, a tomb of the Warring States period was found in Fushan, northeast of Luoping, and its owner was the "King of Hundred Cantonese" mentioned in historical materials. A large number of cultural relics unearthed in the tomb prove that Luoding created a splendid ancient civilization more than 2400 years ago. In this regard, Mr. Zeng, a famous geographer in China, once wrote: "Luoding faces Gaoyao in the east, Yangchun in the south and Cenxi in the west. It is an ancient natural country, that is, the land of the ancient kingdom between two mountains (clouds and clouds). "

In the sixth year of Ding Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 165438+ BC 0 1), Luoding belonged to Duan Xi County, Cangwu County. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Longxiang and two counties were established in Luoding. Longxiang was located in Tanbai Management District of Taiping Town (as for the county, the famous geographer Zeng and Xu thought it was on the western edge of Luoding Basin). This is the beginning of Luoding County.

Luoding's position has risen rapidly since the establishment of county government at the end of Jin Dynasty. A few years after the establishment of Longxiang County, Jin Kang County moved from Yuanxi County to Lailong Township County. Since then, Luoding Taiping has become the seat of county administration, which lasted for more than 600 years until the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. During the period, it was once changed to Guangxi County, but the county name was still located in Luoding.

The Southern Dynasty (AD 502-58 1 year) established a state (Longzhou) in Luoding County. Three counties (Pingyuan County, Kaiyang County and Luoyang County); Six counties (Longxiang County, Furun County, Yongxi County, Luoping County, Kaiyang County and Annan County).

In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 583), the county was removed and changed to the state-county system, with four counties in Luoding. Twenty-four years later, the county system was changed from withdrawing state to county system. With Taiping and Luo Jing in Luoding as the center, Yongxi County was established, and Pingtan Bai remained as the county seat. Yongxi County governs Longshui County, Yongxi County (both in Luoding), Huaide County (now Xinyi), Liangde County (now Dianbai), Ansai County (now Yunan) and Yongye County (now Yunan). This is the largest jurisdiction in Luoding history.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Yongxi County was changed to Longzhou, and Luoding restored the political system of one state and four counties. After being renamed Kaiyang County, Longzhou was renamed Longzhou in the first year of Gan Yuan (AD 758), which governed four counties: Longshui, Kaiyang, Yongxi (later changed to Yongning) and Annan (later changed to Zhennan), including all Luoding and a small part of Yunfu, Xinyi, Yunan and Cenxi. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the treasure was opened for six years, Longzhou was abolished, and the four counties were merged into Longshui County, which lasted for more than 600 years.

In the fifth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1577), Longshui County was upgraded to Luoding Zhili Prefecture for suppressing the "Yao Rebellion" in Luopang area, and the name "Luoding" went down in history. Luoding Zhili Prefecture governs Dong 'an (Yunfu County) and Xining (Yunan County), commonly known as "San Luo". Until the Revolution of 1911, Luoding Prefecture was changed to Luoding County. Sanluo area has been an important administrative region of Guangdong for more than 340 years.

The ancestors of Luoding worked, lived and multiplied on their own land ten thousand years ago. They moved from caves to the mountains to build houses and settle down; From primitive groups to clan society; From ignorance and backwardness to civilization and progress. After thousands of years of integration and development in Germany, it has become a member of Baiyue nationality with the same totem belief and the same cultural characteristics.

Until 1700 years ago, the residents of Luoding area were Vietnamese. Therefore, successive dynasties carried out the system of the dominion of the King of Yue in Luoding. By the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when Luoding set up Longxiang and Furun counties today, the county names were transliterated from Vietnamese. For example, "Fu Ruan" means "wasteland village" in Vietnamese. The chief executives of the two counties are also local Yue officers. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Han residents in the Central Plains moved southward on a large scale because of wars and disasters, and many rich families also settled in Lingnan. During the Southern Liang Dynasty (about 502-557 AD), Chen Fa-nian, the secretariat of Yanling people and Xinhe Stone States in Henan Province, settled in Luoding. They "trained foreigners with filial piety", spread the advanced culture of the Central Plains, and accelerated the feudal process of the indigenous Yue people in Luoding. The Chen family served as the chief of the Yue nationality in Luoding for five consecutive generations. Together with the highlighted Feng Xian family and Qinzhou Ning family, they are called the three major families in Lingnan. The ancient Yue people, who are famous for using bronze drums, were called Li Liao people in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The main reason is that it is under the jurisdiction of two chiefs: the tribe from Nanyue Road to Hainan Island, Zunxian Lady, is the chief, called Li nationality; On the south bank of Xijiang River, north of sorghum, Chen Fa-nian is the chief, and he is called the incumbent. In the Tang Dynasty, the policy of "Huairou Liao Li" was implemented in Lingnan. Chen Ji, an official of Chen's former dynasty, was the top scholar general, Zuo Bao general and the founder of Shangzhu and Yingchuan counties. His deeds are recorded in both the new and old Tang books.

In the 16th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 728), the secretariat of Longzhou led the Liao people to oppose the Tang Dynasty and proclaimed themselves emperor, and captured more than 40 cities in western Guangdong. In the Tang Dynasty, eunuchs led hundreds of thousands of troops to encircle Longzhou. Chen and more than 60,000 uprising aides were killed, and many aides were forced to move westward. Liao people who stayed in the same place in the Tang Dynasty were renamed Bo people (now Zhuang people) in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Yao people who originally lived in Jingchu moved southward on a large scale and settled in various parts of Guangdong and Guangxi. Since then, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty have lasted for 8900 years, and the residents in Luoding area are mainly Yao and children. Gu Yanwu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, said, "Young people are old."

During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the struggle of Yao and Dong people in Luoding area against the oppression of feudal dynasties was ups and downs, which lasted for more than 200 years. In the early Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty dispatched 100,000 troops to conquer Luoding Yao nationality, which lasted for one year and killed more than 40,000 people. A large number of Yao people fled and a small number fled to the mountains.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the system of reclaiming farmland was implemented, and many Han soldiers who participated in reclaiming farmland settled in Luoding. At the same time, the government openly recruited refugees to settle down and reclaim land, and a large number of Han people moved to both sides of the Longjiang River. In the fifth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1577), officers and men sent to Luoding besieged the Yao people who settled in Luoding in batches. Since then, a large number of Han people have been moving in, and the structure of Luoding residents has changed greatly, from the original Yao and Dong people to Han immigrants as the main body. Although Gu Luoding was located in Lingnan, his fame spread to China. Many famous historical figures in the past dynasties have been to Luoding, such as the poet Song of the Tang Dynasty, the prime minister Zhang Jianzhi and Huan of Wuhou. Weng Fanggang, how. They all avoided chaos or lived in Luoding, leaving many poems. Song Wenzhi was an outstanding poet in the early Tang Dynasty. When he joined the army in Longzhou, he wrote two poems, Crossing Man Cave and Entering Longjiang, which were included in The Whole Tang Poetry, describing the situation of tooth tattoos, boils and poverty of ethnic minorities living in Luoding at that time. Chen Jiyuan, an aristocrat of Chen family, wrote the Cliff Stone Inscription of Longci Dojo (Preface to Parallel Prose) in the Tang Dynasty, taking the essence of parallel prose in the Six Dynasties, with beautiful writing and composition, which was later included in Quantang Wen and Guangdong. During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, many local officials in Luoding had martial arts in writing, such as Chen Lin, Zheng Renkui, Zhang, Hong and Song Qifeng. He advocated learning and promoted the development of Luoding's culture and education. By the Republic of China, Luoding had become one of the cultural counties in Guangdong.