What is the most divisive treaty in China? Please tell me what the specific content is.

Brief introduction of the Sino-Russian love-fainting Treaty: It is the consistent plan of the czar governments of past dynasties after the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar to embezzle the Heilongjiang region of China and seize the sea port to the Pacific Ocean. After the Opium War, Russia set up the "Special Committee of Heilongjiang" to step up its aggression against Heilongjiang. 1849 to 1853, Russian naval officer Newels coy led armed men to invade the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and set up an invasion stronghold. Subsequently, under the command of Muraviev, the governor of eastern Siberia, a large number of Russian troops invaded Heilongjiang, occupying the north bank of the middle and upper reaches and the banks of the lower reaches. 1857, 18 On February 29th, the British and French allied forces captured Guangzhou. After the Russian government learned of this situation, it held a meeting of "Special Committee" on 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng) 65438+10.5 to plot. The meeting adopted Muraviev's opinion on continuing to "immigrate" to Heilongjiang and conducting diplomatic negotiations with the Qing government supported by force. After the meeting, the Russian government informed the Qing government that Muraviev was ordered to negotiate the Sino-Russian border issue. If China wanted to solve the "Heilongjiang issue", he could be consulted. At this time, the situation of the Second Opium War was extremely unfavorable to the Qing government. Muraviev took the opportunity to lead the Russian Cossack army as Aihui at the gates. On May 20th, the British and French allied forces captured Dagu, Tianjin was in an emergency, and Beijing shook. On 22nd, Muraviev was escorted to Aihui by two gunboats, and met with Yi Shan, the general of Heilongjiang in Qing Dynasty. Muraviev said that he came here to "help China defend Britain" and "defend its own territory". "For the benefit of both sides, China and Russia must demarcate along the Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers." Yi Shan pointed out that the border between the two countries has been "agreed and observed according to the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu" and has never changed for hundreds of years. If we do what you discussed today, we will never be able to satisfy you. "This negotiation is very controversial. Before the meeting, Muraviev handed the "Draft Treaty" drafted by Russia to Yi Shan and gave him an answer the next day. The essence of this draft is to tear up the Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty and seize the area north of Heilongjiang and east of Wusuli River. In the second negotiation, Chinese representative Ai Shentai flatly rejected Russia's unreasonable request and returned the "Draft Treaty" to Russian representative Petrovsky. Due to the unreasonable troubles of the Russian side, the negotiations ended without results. Muraviev was impatient, and once again went out in person, forcing Yishan to sign the treaty by means of "ultimatum" and "putting forward the final text of the treaty", and threatening that "negotiations with China people cannot be conducted by peaceful means! "That night, Russian warships fired. Under the threat of Russian military force, Yishan finally gave in and was forced to sign the Peace Treaty with Muraviev on 28th. Article 3 of the Aihui Treaty. The main contents are as follows: China's territory of more than 600,000 square kilometers north of Heilongjiang and south of Xing 'an Mountains abroad belongs to Russia, and a small area in the southeast of the upper reaches of Gyeonggi Province (now Russia's Jieya River) on the other side of Aihui (hereinafter referred to as Jiangdong Sixty-four Tun) retains China's permanent residence and jurisdiction; The territory of China to the east of Wusuli River is divided into China and Russia; Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers, originally inland rivers of China, are only allowed to sail by Chinese and Russian ships. At that time, the Qing government didn't ratify the Love Faint Treaty, and punished Yishan and others, but it recognized the Love Faint Treaty when the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty was concluded in 1860. China's territory and sovereignty were greatly damaged by the Treaty of Love, while Russia gained huge territorial interests, navigation rights of Heilongjiang and Ussuri rivers, and access to the Pacific Ocean. Tsarist Russia summarized Muraviev's occupation of Heilongjiang Province in China as an aggression formula: "Russia's diplomatic appeal must be supported by the actual occupation of this place." Later, Russia occupied the area east of the Wusuli River in China and a large area in the northwest of China. The signing of the "Love Faint Treaty" set a criminal precedent for Russia to further plunder China's territory. Original text of the treaty:1May 28th, April16th, Xianfeng 8th, Aihui1May 8th, 85816th. On April 16th, eighth year of Xianfeng, General Yishan of Heilongjiang and General Yuefu of Eastern Siberia of Russia reached an agreement in Aihui City on three terms: 1. The left bank of Heilongjiang and Songhua River, from Ergon to the mouth of Songhua River, belong to the Russian state; The right bank goes downstream to Wusuli River as the place where Qing belongs; From the Wusuli River to the sea, this place is like a place connecting the borders of the two countries, which is under the control of the two countries. Starting from Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River, only China and Russia are allowed to sail, and only a few foreign countries are allowed to take this river. On the left bank of Heilongjiang, from the south of Gyeonggi Province to Khormulejintun, Manchu and other people who used to live here are still allowed to live in their respective villages forever, and they are still managed by Manchu ministers and officials. Russians and other people are reconciled and shall not be violated. 1. People from these two countries make peace with each other. People from two countries live in Wusuli, Heilongjiang and Songhua River, so they can trade together. Officials and others on both sides of the strait take care of each other's trade. 1. Russian Niela Gule Birnathormuraf Yuefu, China guarding Yishan in Heilongjiang and other places, combined with the agreed terms, always follow the principle of not replacing others; Russia's Nyala Gubirna Tolmurafu Yuefu wrote Russian and Manchu, and gave it to General Yishan, the imperial clan of China, and General Yishan of China wrote Manchu and Mongolian, and gave it to Russia's Nyala Gubirna Tolmurafu Yuefu, and wrote it according to this article and told people on the border between the two countries. Notes and Appointments of Xianfeng Treaty, Volume 2, Page 13- 14. For Russian text and French translation, see External Russia: Collection of Russian-Chinese Treaties, pp. 83-84. Both the full text and the Mongolian text can be found in the same book, page113-121. This peace treaty, also known as the Love Faint City Peace Treaty, was signed in Manchu, Mongolian and Russian, but there was no Chinese. The Chinese version is a translation. Russia ratified the Treaty on July 20th, 858/KLOC-0. Exchange approval date not found.

Seek adoption