Friends with beautiful mountains and rivers

There are so many beautiful scenery. Among Zhao Zhao's landscape paintings in Song Dynasty, there are also landscape paintings on folding fans. Among them, Zhao Boju has a landscape folding fan, which is the earliest recorded landscape folding fan so far. Unfortunately, it no longer exists, but it can be seen from other landscape paintings of Zhao Boju.

Zhao Boju (about1120-1170), thousands of miles away, is the grandson of Song Taizu VII, and his grandfather Zhao Lingzhi is good at drawing horses. He has made friends with Su Shi, Zhao Lingmao, Li, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei. During the Song Dynasty, Zhao Boju and his younger brother Zhao Boxiao moved to Lin 'an, and the painting fan that sent away a friend accidentally flowed into the hands of a courtier. Zhang Taiwei saw it and presented it to the emperor, who was a painter, and Zhao Boju was called into the palace.

Zhao Boju's paintings involve figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, especially the green landscapes. Emperor Gaozong and Hui Zong attached equal importance to literature and art, and the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty concentrated scattered Xuanhe people in the Hanlin Painting Academy in Shaoxing, which exceeded the previous dynasties. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Tang, Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui flourished, and most of their works were scenes with a corner and a half. Their brushwork is simple and bold, putting an end to gorgeous powder. However, the green landscape of Erzhao is fine and neat, magnificent and colorful, and the two complement each other, further enriching the expression of landscape painting themes and techniques.

The theme of turquoise has always been particularly in line with the aesthetic orientation of court nobles. Long-term court life, and the need of politics, made Er Zhao devote himself to the topic of turquoise. However, unlike their predecessors, the Zhao Boju brothers integrated the characteristics of literati painting into the turquoise landscape. Literati painting is based on ink painting, and freehand brushwork is the highest. The Great Green was once regarded as a "painter's painting" that non-scholars should learn, but Erzhao combined the two into one. Su Shi, Mi Fei and others have exerted a subtle influence on their ancestors' friends. Su: "The work of the world may be flexible, but as for its reason, it can't be distinguished unless it is superior and lazy ... They are made in heaven and hate people's wishes, and the place where Al Qaeda lives is embarrassing. ("Painting of the Qing School") Look at the second Zhao's painting theory: "The painter can have his own appearance, but he must have a style, so that he can have a sudden atmosphere and a beautiful charm, and he will have a good place without being constrained by the material state; The people I have who are not attractive to the world but can fit the public's feelings should be aware of this. (Jingshantang painting Luohan continued) "Obviously from Su Shi's" harmony with nature, disgusting wish ". Regarding the green landscape of Zhao Boju, Zhao Xihu said, "Mountains are similar to water. At first, there was no distinction between gold and jade and ink and wash. It depends on the layout of the craftsman. " Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty said: "The Li Zhaodao School, namely Zhao Boju and Xiao Bo, is extremely particular and has morale;" Those who are imitated by later generations can't get their elegance when they get their works. " It can be seen that the green landscape of Erzhao is both beautiful and elegant, and it has the "morale" respected by literati paintings.

This fan of Zhao Boju was seen by Changyu in Yushan Caotang, Gu Ying in Yuan Dynasty. "Elegant Collection of Caotang" contains Zhang Yu's "Zhao Jumi writes mountain rhyme": "There are several stacks of incense marks on the green water beside Danshan. The mirror breaks into the sky, and Wu Song cuts the water, but the knife is thin. There are many treasures and paintings in Jiangnan, and Wang Sun doesn't hate Wu Hong. When the autumn wind breaks, the banji rings for me. " Zhang Yu (1277- 1348), whose name is Zhen, is a unofficial history native. Qiantang, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou) people. For more than 20 years, he has traveled all over Tiantai Mountain, including Cangzhu Mountain, abandoned his home as a way, climbed Maoshan Mountain and advocated the concept of longevity. Make friends with Zhao Mengfu, Yu Ji, Yang Weizhen, Ni Zan and Zheng. Poems and songs are heroic, and calligraphy studies Li Yong, Huai Su and Mi Fei. They are magnificent and have their own style. Book traces include Climbing to the Peak of Nanfeng and Poems of Youlong Jing Fiona Fang Temple. The ink painting drama depicts wood and stone, which is simple and interesting. His paintings include Frost, Ke, Stone and Jade with Two Peaks. He is the author of the original catalogue and the collection of foreign songs. In the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1372), Ni Zan said in Zhang Changshi's Poems: "The calligraphy of rare real people's poems is the first, and the ancient road is lonely without teachers and friends." At this time, Changyu has been dead for more than 20 years, and Ni Zan's words here are still endless reverence and yearning.

Zhang Yutian's poems about Zhao Boju's folding fan were also included in his "Gou Qu Ji". There is an introduction before the poem: "Listening and learning Zhai is Kunshan, the people are endowed with fresh food in Zhai Ming, and the public is in Dali poetry list, which has been preserved to this day." Listening to Snow Village is one of the 26 scenic spots in Yushan Cottage. Kunshan, known as Yufeng in ancient times, is also known as Yushan. Yushan Cottage is a garden pavilion built by Gu Ying in the eighth year of Zheng Zhi (1348) in the west of his former residence in Jiexi, Kunshan. It is called "Yushan Family Chef", also known as Yushan Caotang. Gu Ying, as the host, invited scholars to this elegant collection, named Yushan Elegant Collection, which lasted for more than ten years. During the 12-year war in Zheng Zheng, it never stopped, and about 100 people came in and out of the thatched cottage. The Collection of Friends' Songs is a collection of poems with the largest number of people in Yuan Dynasty. The elegant collection of Yushan has become a symbol of poetry and has been widely recognized. Although the beauty of Yushan gradually disappeared in the war of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was no tile in the end, but the elegant collection of Yushan always shines in the history of poetry, culture and Jiangsu local culture. In the introduction, Zhang Yu described that (Guan Na acted the role of) was writing Zhai Ming, which was fresh in the pivot and handed over to the capital plaque, which was the elegant scene under the stage at that time.

After Changyu, Zheng, Ni Zan and others commented on Zhao Boju folding fan. Zheng's second poem, Rain Rhyme, said, "The Song King and Sun Miao, Wan Li Mountain and River grip. Stuffed in the sleeve, comfortable in the hand, the breeze is thin in Xu Lai. Literary talent is now profitable, and carving jade makes sorrow smoke. Treasure doesn't follow the loess, and its head is whiter than the door. " Zheng (1292- 1364), whose real name is Mingde, was injured in his right arm when he was a child, and his left hand was a regular script, which was the best in the world. For writers, there are Wu Ji of Overseas Chinese and Miscellaneous Notes of Suichang. Yushan Ji Ya has more prefaces than himself. Zhang Yu's poems are accompanied by Zheng's singing and posting. Zhang Yu's "To Zheng Mingde" says: "Although there was no one in the five seasons, I walked alone in Zheng Zhang. This child was born in the same world, and I am a foreigner. "

After Zheng Yuanzuo, Ni Zan said, "Who thought clothes were plates and clouds were in hand? The spring rain is dark in Jiang Shen, and the clothes are thin among the bamboo trees. The Yuewangtai Hall has been abandoned for a long time before the ink of the scattered king is dried. It is also good to know people and paint well, and love is better than home. " Ni Zan (130 1- 1374), whose real name was Yuan Zhen, was from Yunlin. Wuxi people. Ni Zan and Changyu were both wild clothes and Huang Guan in their early years, so they were called "Ni Gaoshi" because of their high standards. They made many friends, and then they learned Zen. There were many monks and Taoists in the Yuan Dynasty. They danced high and painted far, lived in beautiful places, recited calligraphy and painting, and wandered between mountains and valleys. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Ni Zan built Qing Pavilion, Yunlin Caotang, Zhuyang Pavilion and Xiaoxian Pavilion in Wuxi. Ni Zan called Zhang Yudao a teacher, and they were both teachers and friends. When Changyu was old, Ni Zan sold his fortune and gave him money. Ni Zan's "Donggang Caotang Map", "Liushi Map" and "Qingshan Ailan Map" all have Zhang Yu's inscription. The title of Huishan map says: on March 8, five years, Mr. Su came to the forest to praise poetry. After the rain, I walked under the forest and saw Huishan. I wrote it first. I drew this poem in the book. Both Zhang Waishi and Mr. Chen will laugh. Zhang Waishi is Changyu, and Mr. Chen refers to Chen Fang.

According to Zhang Chang's Wuzhong People, "Chen Fangzizhen is from Jingkou. ..... managed to come to Wu Province, where the great monarch was honored as a guest, so he lived in Wu. Gong's wife is a daughter, and Wu places of interest, such as Zheng Mingde, Ni, etc., all travel with her, and in the evening they host Wuxi Hua Qing Yan's family school. " Chen Fang, a lonely and tired guest, once said in his Collection of Lonely and Tired Guests that Zhao Boju was good at drawing folding fans. Bian Xiao written by Zhan Jingfeng in Ming Dynasty is called Chen Fangshan's Book. On Zhao Boju's folding fan, Ni Zan is followed by Chen Fang's second rhyme: "Bamboo clothes are warm in spring, and hills are endlessly embellished. White clouds look at peach blossoms across the pool, sitting makes the breeze fine. Therefore, after more than a hundred years of death, Wang Sun had a grudge against Pingwu. Hengmen now looks at the original work so that it can distinguish between men and women. "

Inscribed poetry is a combination of poetry and painting, which originated from Du Fu earlier. He used painting as his poetic method and left many poems with pictures. Su Shi's "Lantian Yunyu Book" is a poem of interest, with pictures in it; Looking at the painting, there is poetry in the painting ",and put forward the aesthetic proposition of" poetry and painting are interlinked ". For Song Huizong, poetry, books and paintings are one. Entering the Yuan Dynasty, the wind of painting became more and more prosperous. Zhang Chou said: "We are talking about painting in modern times, and we can quote that Yuan people are first-class. Wang Shizhen said, "Every time Ni Yunlin paints, he must write a poem. Weng Fanggang said: "The poems of various painters in the Yuan Dynasty, such as Yunlin, Dachi and Ji, are mostly paintings with diverse themes. (Zhou Shi Hua) Gu's Selected Poems of Yuan Dynasty and Chen Bangyan's Poems on Paintings in Past Dynasties contain poems on paintings in Yuan Dynasty, and there are many schools. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were feuding monographs on painting and calligraphy, such as Qinghe Painting and Calligraphy Boat, Coral Net by Wang Keyu, Notes on Painting and Calligraphy by Yu Fengqing, Notes on Summer Vacation in Jiangcun Village by Shi Qi, Notes on Painting and Calligraphy by Wu Qizhen and Notes on Listening to Painting and Calligraphy by Pan. There are also many paintings and poems of the Yuan Dynasty. Although some paintings of Yuan people in these descriptions have been lost, they left valuable poems and postscript. Painting and postscript are based on painting, but in fact, more paintings are immortal because of poetry and postscript. The harmonious infiltration of poems and paintings recorded in Yuan Qu is far better than that in Tang and Song Dynasties.

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhao Boju's fan flowed into Zhang Chou's home. Zhang Chou (1577- 1643) was born in Kunshan. At that time, the Zhang family "collected Wuzhong treasures and paintings" and wrote "He Qing Shu Hua Square", which recorded the family treasures and what they saw in the past dynasties. * * * Painter 865,438+0, calligrapher 49, painter 65,438+05, which contains the life and inscriptions of the painter and describes the process of collecting treasures. Later, it was supplemented and continued to be a record of original works. This Zhao Boju folding fan is also included in The Original Book Record-Zhao Jufan writes mountains, in which four people's poems are recorded in detail. Although this fan has been transformed by loess, the poems on paintings remain forever. The theme model's singing is unprecedented, taking the painting scene as the poetic scene, blending poetry and painting, reappearing a far-reaching painting scene, full of chanting meaning. If the poems on paintings in the Song Dynasty emphasize "artistic meaning", then the poems on paintings in the Yuan Dynasty emphasize "hearty". In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it expressed the "feelings" of literati and painters more deeply and widely. Inscribed poems can be regarded as independent existence. On the contrary, painting relies more and more on inscribed poems, which can be said to be a bridge between reading pictures and observing artists' artistic thoughts.