After we left the earth,

Interstellar colonization is the general trend of the development of human civilization and the ultimate destination (if humans still exist at that time), because the sun will devour the earth sooner or later.

Based on scientific and technological achievements and physical laws, this paper tries to reasonably assume how to carry out interstellar colonization and the difficulties encountered.

First of all, we should know that it is difficult to find the next "earth". Specifically, there are three problems to be solved.

The first question: it's too far to go anywhere.

We must first know that the solar system is really big, not just the eight planets. Besides the eight planets, there is the Kuiper Belt. Only when we get out of the Kuiper Belt can we really get out of the solar system. There is a hypothesis that the farther Oort cloud is the boundary of the solar system, and this theory is not adopted in this paper for the time being. )

Where's Kuiper's belt? The distance from the earth to the sun is 1 solar unit (65.438+0.5 billion kilometers), Neptune is 30 solar units, and the range of the Kuiper Belt is about 30 to 654.38+0.000 solar units.

The distance from the sun 100 solar unit is basically the edge of the kuiper belt, which is the farthest point of the solar system known to mankind and the boundary of the solar system in a broad sense.

Now, where is the farthest flying machine? 1 The probe Voyager launched in 9771did not fly to the edge of the Kuiper Belt until 20 12. Crossing the solar system is only the first level. Traveler 1 is faced with boundless loneliness, because it takes 70,000 years to fly to the nearest star, proxima centauri!

Second question: There are few places we can go.

We looked up and saw the stars twinkling. These are all stars. We can't land on the stars. Our goal can only be the planet.

In other words, even if we have flown for tens of thousands of years and arrived in neighboring galaxies, we will continue to look for planets that can land!

Don't you think there should be a bunch of planets in every star system? However, this is only theoretical, in fact, we can't see it.

For example, if the star is a light bulb in the dark, then the planet is a mosquito flying around the lamp. When you stand by the light bulb, you can see many mosquitoes flying, but when you stand outside 1 km, you can only see the faint light, but you can't see the mosquitoes.

Therefore, we can't predict the planets in proxima centauri Centauri system in advance for the time being. Only after flying to proxima centauri Centauri system, and then slowly looking for planets, it is not necessarily true that there are planets.

The third question: even if a planet is found, it may not survive.

Humans are very sensitive to the environment. As long as they arrive at the scene and find that they are not what they think, they will be in trouble. For example, a planet whose data are almost the same as that of the Earth has been discovered, and it is ready to land, but only when it is found that there is 0. 1% hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere, there is no way for human beings to survive.

All the previous plans have to be redone, and the risk will be great soon.

Just leaving the earth and looking for a planet suitable for survival is a difficult problem of interstellar migration that cannot be solved by the level of human science and technology in 2 1 century.

Are these three difficulties particularly desperate? Ok, now let's think from another angle.

The above three difficulties are actually a linear thinking. In fact, our world is a three-dimensional network, and its complexity is beyond our imagination. Therefore, when dealing with the problem of interstellar colonization, we should also adopt network thinking.

Interstellar colonization under linear thinking is to improve individual viability, constantly overcome difficulties and solve all difficulties; Interstellar colonization under network thinking does not need to solve all problems head-on, but to increase the size and number of groups and keep trying and making mistakes.

For example, elephants, whales and humans are all species with linear thinking survival mode. They all have 1 individual at birth, and the individual life span is several decades. That is, if you have one, try to live one. You can live for a long time without natural enemies. Population is maintained by the high quality and longevity of individuals.

Insects and fish are both species with network thinking survival mode. They have many natural enemies in nature and are easily eaten by other animals. Their coping method is to increase the number of offspring to alleviate the lack of individual competitiveness.

Many fish lay millions or even hundreds of millions of eggs at a time. As long as there are 1000 live fish, the continuation of this species is guaranteed. Under the survival mode of network thinking, the individual life cycle of species is short, and the population is maintained by the quantitative advantage of the population.

If we adopt the survival mode of fish, the problem will become much easier.

The universe is our spawning ground, so we spread seeds widely and send frozen embryos to stellar systems in all directions. We don't expect everyone to find a livable planet and survive, but as long as 1 10,000 has 1 10,000, it is the victory of the human species.

Why send frozen embryos instead of humans? It's still a question of cost.

Then the spaceship won't have to solve Lazarus' problem of eating and drinking. It can be made small and fly for a long time. This solves the problem of long distance to a certain extent. No matter 100 or 200 years, just fly slowly.

If found, how does this embryo survive? For example, finding a planet suitable for human life, computer-controlled landing, thawing embryos, and telling them their mission and past lives; At the same time, the essence of human knowledge is quickly passed on to these people.

Wait until the baby grows up to complete his mission and continue to build this planet, and then decide whether to wake others up and send the good news back to the earth. This is called the interplanetary seeding plan.

Assuming this method works, many stars send back good news, and human beings have a firm foothold on many planets.

Some of these humans adapted to nature in different ways in the heat, some in the cold, some in the poisonous gas, and some under the threat of alien creatures, and the population began to increase steadily.

So what will happen to us? Undoubtedly, the biggest change is in ethics.

Because a ship full of life, most of them are sent to the unknown universe by our own hands to die. After all, the few who survived were eliminated by the laws of nature.

Think about how pathetic these children are. They are born helpless, wake up in despair, or they may die in despair. Is this the way to be a man? Aren't we the warmest species? Isn't this the behavior of lower organisms? We take the initiative to degrade ourselves into a fish?

The answer is cruel. What we call nobility and respect for life is just a mode of thinking of people on earth. We spare no effort to respect individuals in order to better reproduce our race on the earth, so human beings have become the masters of everything on the earth.

However, I'm sorry, the rules have changed now. We are the boss on earth. In the universe, we are just a fish, even worse than a fish.

On the big stage of the universe, only by following the cruel theory of evolution can we survive. Humanity and kindness are just wishful thinking. To say the least, in the era of great navigation initiated by western European colonists, were there fewer massacres of Native Americans? At that time, I didn't see any reflection about their cannibalism.

Network survival strategy is the underlying logic of life development: in order to continue the collective, individuals must be sacrificed. Interstellar colonization is a new voyage to discover the new continent in the universe.

There is another very important question. What knowledge should we instill in these embryos? There are too many basic laws, such as astronomy, geography, physics, mathematics and so on. These are the natural laws that any planet should follow. Of course, if there really is a "Solaris star" that breaks all the rules, that's another matter, but this kind of wrangling has no practical significance.

One thing is certain, we will not instill religion, ethics and philosophy into embryos, which are the most primitive thoughts of human beings.

Because religion, philosophy and morality are all products of human childhood ignorance and fear of the mysterious power of nature. Now the embryo has scientific thinking as soon as it is resurrected, and it does not need the bondage of religion, philosophy and morality at all. They will establish a new order on the colonial planet.

Regarding the theory of human nature, I have always agreed with the British philosopher Locke's "Whiteboard Theory" and the theory that there is no good or evil in human nature. Embryo's mind is blank, we just need to instill scientific thinking. Without the distinction between good and evil, they will form their own brand-new moral concepts.

Further suppose that humans on the colonial planet have successfully propagated for dozens of generations, then what is their relationship with purebred earthlings?

Physiologically, humans will become two kinds of animals. As long as human beings continue to go their separate ways in different environments, sooner or later, we will become completely different creatures, as different as dolphins and bats.

This conclusion is not magical, which can be inferred from the species differences caused by species isolation in different parts of the earth.

At this time, the solar system has experienced a supernova explosion and the earth has been swallowed up. Pure earthlings have long since ceased to exist, and there are only interstellar humans.

Finally, what about the communication between interstellar human populations? The answer may be pessimistic. Various populations of interstellar humans may die of old age.

In the eyes of most of us, even though human beings have colonized different galaxies, we are still a species. At least we will often do business and send a WeChat to contact our feelings.

In fact, once the different ethnic groups of human beings are separated in the universe, they will hardly meet again. Every fork in the road is not only a farewell, but also the boundary between the two species.

Why? One reason: the scale of the universe is too big and the distance between stars is too far. And the speed of light is too slow, resulting in no information transmission.

For example, you have to ask a friend on another planet: Have you eaten? Fly 10 years, fly back 10 years. After 20 years, your reply is: eat. So how much can you two talk for the rest of your life? Let's not talk about anything. This is a bit, the information transmission is slow.

Second, the life span of human beings is insignificant compared with the cosmic scale. If you go to other planets by spaceship to find love, you will probably die of old age on the way.

You may ask, maybe in the future, we will master teleportation, interstellar consciousness, superluminal flight, wormholes and other technologies ..... It's ok under the illusion, but under the existing physical laws, in the vast universe, our imagination is pale and ridiculous.

After we left the earth, we embarked on the road of interstellar colonization. Different planets have different human appearances and different moral cultures, so we go our separate ways and die of old age. Finally, we all died alone in our own galaxy.

From scratch.

Bibliography: Song of the Far Land by arthur clarke.

Looking back: the lucky road to civilization

Easter Island: the Ultimate Destiny of Human Civilization

Why can't Utopia exist?

The beauty of mathematics behind the moth's fire.

How long will I be discovered and forgotten after my death?