A symbol of Hong Kong's educational level.

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History of higher education in Hong Kong

As we all know, famous universities in the world often have a long or even ancient history and profound cultural accumulation, such as Oxford (according to a local saying, it was founded by 1 167, but because of its age, no one can tell exactly when it was founded) and Cambridge (1209). Harvard (founded in 1636) and Yale (founded in 170 1) in the United States, Tsinghua (founded in191) and Peking University (founded in/kloc-0) in China.

Fortunately, Hong Kong also has such an honor, that is, the University of Hong Kong. According to the year when HKU was officially founded 19 165438, it was also on an equal footing with Beijing Tsinghua. If traced back to HKU's predecessor, Hong Kong College of Western Medicine was founded in 1887, which is almost the ancestor of China Modern University.

19 1 1 year, the University of Hong Kong was formally established. Since then, it has filled the gap of higher education in Hong Kong, opened the prelude of modern higher education in Hong Kong, and laid the foundation for the future prosperity and glory of Hong Kong University.

199 1 year, when HKU's teachers and students were immersed in the celebration of the 80th birthday of the school and enjoyed the huge and fruitful birthday cake, a brand-new university full of modernity and futuristic feeling, HKUST, stood quietly beside Qingshui Bay. In just over ten years, HKUST has developed rapidly and jumped into the ranks of world-class universities. The success of HKUST has created a miracle in the educational history of China and the world.

It can be said that over the past century, Hong Kong's higher education has gone through a bumpy road from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong. HKU-CUHK-HKUST- PolyU-CityU-Baptist-Lingnan-College of Education ... University is the icing on the cake of Hong Kong. If this land used to be a cultural desert, today it should be a cultural oasis. The development of universities has gradually pushed Hong Kong's higher education to glory. If HKUST's performance is described as "a blockbuster after ten years", then it may not be an exaggeration to describe Hong Kong's higher education as "not flying for a hundred years".

Let's briefly introduce the major universities in Hong Kong. Because the basic information of each university is easy to find (I attach the website of each university), I won't go into details here.

The originator of higher education in Hong Kong-HKU

The campus headquarters of the University of Hong Kong is located in the west of Hong Kong Island, east of Pokfulam Road, south of Wen Xian Road, west of Robinson Road and north of Longhu Mountain, covering an area of about 65,438+06 hectares. I made a cursory visit to HKU's campus. My feeling is that it is beautiful but elegant, luxurious and dignified. Compared with the youthful vitality of HKUST, it gives people a sense of vicissitudes.

He Qi, the predecessor of HKU, and even HKU later played an important role and was regarded as the biggest contributor to modern higher education in Hong Kong. He Qi (1859—19 14), a native of Nanhai, Guangdong, was born in Hong Kong. In his early years, he studied in England, and successively studied at Abbadian University and Lincoln Law School in England, and obtained double bachelor's degrees in medicine and law. Later, he and his British wife returned to Hong Kong and began to devote themselves to education, health and public affairs in Hong Kong. This man is versatile. He is the first Chinese medicine practitioner and the first Chinese barrister in Hong Kong. At the same time, he also dabbled in politics. He has been a member of the Legislative Council since 1890- 19 14, and is the third unofficial Chinese member in the history of Hong Kong.

1887 after he founded the hong kong college of western medicine, he personally served as a professor and gave lectures to students. 1909, in order to further develop higher education in Hong Kong, He Qi ran around for the preparation of the University of Hong Kong and served as the chairman of the board of directors of the University of Hong Kong. After the establishment of the University of Hong Kong, he merged the College of Western Medicine into the University of Hong Kong and became the backbone of the University of Hong Kong Medical School. He Qi was knighted by the British government in 19 10 because of his great contribution to Hong Kong education.

Another person who made great contributions to the establishment of the University of Hong Kong was Sir Frederick Lugar, the 14 Governor of Hong Kong. His term of office is1July 29th, 907-191July 24th, 2. After more than four months in office, Sir Lu first put forward the idea of establishing the University of Hong Kong, and personally raised funds for it. By 1909, a total of more than 270,000 yuan had been donated by foreign businessmen, Chinese businessmen, governors of Guangdong and Guangxi, overseas Chinese, mainland businessmen, consortia, companies, banks and commercial banks. 1910 On March 6, 2006/kloc-0, the foundation stone was laid for the main building of HKU. Lu Ya personally presided over the groundbreaking ceremony and became president himself. The teaching building "Lujialou" of the University of Hong Kong, the dormitory "Lujiashe" and the "Lujiadao" at the top of the mountain are all named after him.

After the establishment of HKU, the school management department was established according to law, with 4 1 board members and 71board members, including vice-principals, assistant vice-principals, professors and full-time lecturers. Hire the former vice president of the University of Field and the expert of Orientalism, I Law, as the vice president. As Governor Lua only holds the post of principal, the vice-principal actually assumes the responsibility of principal. 1965438+In September 2002, the University of Hong Kong officially opened, with only 72 freshmen, including engineering 3 1, medicine 2 1 and liberal arts 20.

Today, the University of Hong Kong has become a comprehensive research university with a very complete range of disciplines, including liberal arts, science, social sciences, education, dentistry, medicine, architecture, engineering and law. At present, there are ten colleges, namely, School of Architecture, School of Art, School of Economics and Business Administration, School of Dentistry, School of Education, School of Engineering, School of Law, School of Medicine, School of Science and School of Social Sciences. Other teaching units include graduate school, professional continuing education college and Cyberport College. In addition, there are a series of teaching and research units such as off-campus Ministry of Education, Asian Studies Center, Computer Center, Electronic Service Center, Electron Microscope Center, Language Center, Museum and Affiliated Hospital.

In particular, HKU's dormitory is very distinctive and has a long history of dormitory culture. At present, the school has 13 dormitory buildings and 3 non-dormitory buildings. These dormitories are donated by celebrities or named in memory of celebrities, such as Mrs. Dong Memorial Hall, Lichtenstein Hall, Li Tang, Matteo Ricci Dormitory, Li Tang, St. John's College, Stewardship Hall, Taikoo Hall, University Hall, Weilun Hall, Tang, Tang and Sun Zhixin Hall. ( http://www.hku.hk/cao )

The Chinese University of Hong Kong-A Unique Academic System

After HKU dominated the stage of higher education in Hong Kong for half a century, the second university in Hong Kong, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, was established in June 1963 and June 10. Since then, it has changed the pattern of higher education in Hong Kong and established a competitive stage to share the world equally.

CUHK is located in Sha Tin District, Hong Kong, with Tolo Harbour in the north and Baxianling in the distance. These buildings are built on mountains and among green trees. Campus covers an area of 1.34 hectares.

Cuhk was formed by the merger of three original colleges: New Asia College (established in 1949), Chung Chi College (established in 195 1) and United College (established in 1956). 1986 In July, the fourth college, Shaw College, was established in CUHK, and the new college began to recruit students from 1988. At present, CUHK has four academies, namely Xinya, Lianhe, Chongji and Yifu, each with its own characteristics. For example, Xinya College pays more attention to China culture, while Shaw College pays attention to the cultivation of high-tech quality.

There are seven schools in CUHK: Faculty of Arts, School of Business Administration, School of Education, School of Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Science and School of Social Sciences.

According to the regulations of the Chinese University, the main teaching language of CUHK is Chinese. However, most departments of CUHK now offer Chinese and English courses to choose from. Some departments, such as medical college, pharmacy college, English department, linguistics department, etc. And English is the main teaching language in most courses of the Faculty of Science. Generally speaking, CUHK takes Chinese as the main teaching language and adheres to the principle of paying equal attention to both Chinese and English. In recent years, the school has also continuously emphasized that CUHK has always adhered to the bilingual education policy since its establishment.

The Chinese University of Hong Kong is the only institution of higher learning in Hong Kong and Asia that implements the college system. This method originated in England. At present, there are 39 colleges in Oxford University and 3 1 college in Cambridge University. The academy system allows students from different colleges (that is, different majors) and grades to live together, study, compete, entertain and live together, broaden their horizons by holding various activities, cultivate their adaptability, and encourage them to adjust their professional direction according to their own interests. CUHK College is responsible for students' disciplines and majors, while the college is responsible for providing general education, recreational facilities, consultation and other activities. The academy system is actually an extracurricular learning environment, and it is also a form of CUHK to manage students. Students in the same college eat and live together, and many teachers often have dinner or communicate together. The academy system is a very integrated environment, which is conducive to close the relationship between students and between teachers and students and active extracurricular life.

( http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/adm )

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-A Model of American Education

Thirty years after the wheel of history turned, Hong Kong has a third university-HKUST University. HKUST was formally established on 199 1. /kloc-in the past six years, the development and rise of HKUST has pushed Hong Kong's higher education and science and technology to the world-class level, marking that Hong Kong has rushed out of Asia and gone global in the field of science and education.

HKUST is located in the picturesque Clear Water Bay in Kowloon. Its campus is surrounded by mountains and seas, and its modern and exquisite architecture is unparalleled. It was once rated as the most beautiful university campus in Asia.

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology owes its existence to two men of insight who love education and science. The first one was Sir Edward Youde, the 26th Governor of Hong Kong (in office 1982- 1986), who died in office, and was the only one of the 28 governors who died in office. ), he was the first person who proposed to establish a university of science and technology in Hong Kong. At that time, it was suggested that the newly established third university be named "Youde University". The second was Dr. Zhong Shiyuan, then the Chief Member of the Hong Kong Executive Council., He was the first person to respond to Sir Edward Youde's suggestion. At that time, he was appointed by the Hong Kong government as the chairman of the preparatory committee for the third university. After the return of Hong Kong, Zhong Shiyuan was awarded the "Grand Bauhinia Medal" by the Hong Kong Government, which is the highest medal of honor in the honor system of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. At present, it is still the vice president of HKUST and the chairman of the advisory committee. The idea of establishing HKUST began with them. Their unique vision and firm will laid the foundation for the establishment of HKUST.

Today, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology has become a highly internationalized research university, consisting of four schools: School of Science, School of Engineering, School of Business Administration and School of Humanities and Social Sciences. Science and engineering and business schools offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses; The College of Humanities and Social Sciences mainly offers postgraduate courses, and also provides general education for undergraduates for all-round development. ( http://www.ust.hk/mainland )

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a vibrant university with a glorious history. The practical value of PolyU graduates is regarded by employers as the highest among their peers. While pursuing excellent academic standards, universities will continue to innovate and provide practical professional courses, training, applied research and professional consultants to support the long-term development of industrial and commercial enterprises. ( http://www.polyu.edu.hk/aeco/ns )

city university of hong kong

City University of Hong Kong, founded in 1984, is a public educational institution funded by the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. City University is a young, progressive, international and multidisciplinary university. Adhering to the motto of "respecting workers and enjoying music", the university provides more than 140 high-quality undergraduate and research degree courses for more than 20,000 students every year. The characteristic of Chengda is "being located in the city, being used by the city and giving back to the city". The university now has business schools, humanities and social sciences schools, science and engineering schools, creative media schools and law schools. All the above institutions recruit undergraduates for the mainland. ( http://www.cityu.edu.hk/mainland )

Hong kong baptist university

Hong Kong Baptist University, founded in 1956, is a comprehensive university of arts and sciences fully funded by the Hong Kong SAR Government, and is authorized by the government to confer doctoral, master's, bachelor's and associate's degrees. In addition, the university awards honorary doctorates to internationally renowned scholars and people whose outstanding achievements have contributed to society every year. ( http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ar/admissions/mainland )

Lingnan University of Hong Kong

Lingnan University is a university with fine scale, complete facilities and excellent teachers. It shoulders the special mission of promoting liberal arts education in Hong Kong and is considered as the only recognized liberal arts university in Asia. Lingnan University has a long history. 1888 started its school in Guangzhou and developed into a famous university in southern China. After liberation, our school was established in Hong Kong on 1967, and it is one of the eight institutions of higher learning funded by the Hong Kong government. Our school has expanded from 1995 to Tuen Mun, New Territories, with brand-new teaching, recreation and dormitory facilities, and the student occupancy rate is the highest in Hong Kong. ( http://www.ln.edu.hk )

Current situation of higher education development in Hong Kong

Higher education in Hong Kong (locally called "post-secondary education") refers to any professional, technical and academic education that you continue to receive after graduating from middle school, and it belongs to the highest level of education under the current education system in Hong Kong. In other words, the education level is higher than that of middle school education, or the vocational expertise not involved in middle school education. The academic scope is wide, the degrees are different, and the course content is basically professional and professional.

Higher education in Hong Kong starts with the establishment of HKU and peaks with the rise of HKUST. In the past 90 years, from British colonial rule to Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong, the development of higher education has experienced ups and downs, and now it has finally embarked on a smooth road.

In the early 1980s, higher education in Hong Kong began to develop rapidly, and its development direction changed from "elite education" to "mass education". In the past ten years, driven by HKUST, the University of Hong Kong, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the City University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University have developed rapidly, which have exerted great influence on the region and the world, and strengthened and promoted the great development of higher education in Hong Kong as a whole. The development, rise and take-off of HKUST not only set an example for Hong Kong, Taiwan and the mainland, but also provided valuable experience for many countries in Asia and the world. Recently, I visited several universities in Singapore and learned that Singapore has clearly proposed to follow HKUST's example.

It is worth noting that the development and prosperity of higher education in Hong Kong largely depends on the overall environment of Hong Kong. Hong Kong has many advantages and favorable factors such as sustained economic development, reasonable system, sound rule of law, freedom and opening up, clean and efficient government and so on.

Colleges and Universities in Hong Kong and Their Classification

At present, there are 12 institutions of higher learning in Hong Kong, eight of which are funded by the University Grants Committee (UGC), which is what Hong Kong people call the "Big Eight" (the institutions mainly involved in this paper). Of these eight institutions, seven are universities, including the University of Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Baptist University and Lingnan University, and the other is the Teacher Training Institute (Hong Kong Institute of Education). The other three degree-awarding institutions are not funded by the UGC. They are the publicly funded Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, and the self-financing Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Shue Yan College and Zhuhai College.

There are many kinds of institutions engaged in higher education in Hong Kong, and it is difficult for outsiders to distinguish their nature and legal significance. Generally speaking, it is generally considered that those funded by the UGC are called "public" and those not funded by the UGC are called "private". In fact, it can be "public" without UGC funding. Institutions engaged in higher education in Hong Kong can be roughly divided into the following categories:

I. Statutory universities

Statutory universities refer to statutory universities that are approved by the Chief Executive in Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and regulated by independent laws after the relevant laws are passed by the Legislative Council. There are eight statutory universities in Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, City University of Hong Kong, Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Baptist University and Lingnan University.

Second, statutory colleges.

Statutory colleges refer to statutory colleges that have been approved by the Chief Executive in Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, passed by the Legislative Council and regulated by independent laws. There are two statutory colleges in Hong Kong: the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts and the Hong Kong Institute of Education.

In addition, there are three registered higher education institutions in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Shue Yan College, Caritas Xu College and Zhuhai College), two institutions under the Vocational Training Council (Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education and Vocational Training Council School of Business Information) and eight ordinary institutions (Chinese Christian High School, Caritas Bianchi College, Hang Seng Business School, Po Leung Kuk Hong Kong College, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Community College, Hong Kong Institute of Technology, Hong Kong Institute of Continuing Professional Education and

Degree conferring in Hong Kong institutions of higher learning

Similar to mainland and international universities, degree education in Hong Kong is divided into three levels: bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctoral degree.

Universities in Hong Kong have formulated strict academic accreditation regulations, established a teaching quality assurance system, and accepted irregular external accreditation or auditing. In addition, the UGC has supervised the process of teaching and learning quality assurance, so the academic standards of all universities are guaranteed.

The HKCAA Academic Accreditation Council is responsible for accreditation of institutions that are not funded by the UGC and are not eligible for self-accreditation to ensure their teaching quality and academic standards.

In addition, because the degree structure and examinations of the University of Hong Kong are similar to those of European and American universities, scholars from famous overseas universities are usually employed as off-campus examiners for degree examinations, which is beneficial for European and American countries to recognize the degrees awarded by various universities in Hong Kong.

Therefore, the bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctoral degree awarded by the University of Hong Kong are widely recognized by higher education institutions all over the world.

In the six years after the return of Hong Kong, there is no clear stipulation on the recognition of Hong Kong's university degree certificate in the mainland. Similarly, the Hong Kong Council for Academic Accreditation has not made a comprehensive assessment on whether the degrees of mainland institutions of higher learning can be equated with Hong Kong degrees, and there are no special provisions on the recognition of mainland institutions of higher learning. At that time, both sides, whether they go to the other city to apply for jobs or companies and institutions that want to recruit talents from the other side, will face the dilemma of unfounded personnel qualification evaluation.

On July 1 1, 2004, Minister of Education Zhou Ji and Director of Education and Manpower Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR Government signed the Memorandum on Mutual Recognition of Higher Education Degree Certificates between the Mainland and Hong Kong, which clearly stipulated that holders of mainland bachelor's degrees could go to Hong Kong universities to pursue postgraduate degrees and engage in vocational studies. Mainland masters can go directly to the University of Hong Kong to study for a doctorate. Similarly, holders of bachelor's degrees from the University of Hong Kong can go to mainland universities for postgraduate and vocational education; Master's degree holders in Hong Kong can directly study for doctoral degrees in mainland universities.

Since then, this problem has been solved, Hong Kong and the Mainland have recognized each other's higher education degree certificates, and the "threshold" for academic qualifications in the two places has finally been lifted. This will not only help the universities of both sides recruit students from each other and promote exchanges and cooperation between universities, but also greatly promote exchanges and cooperation in other fields and industries. Before 2004, the proportion of international students (including mainland students) enrolled by eight universities in Hong Kong was 4%, which was expanded to 65,438+00% in 2006, and it is expected to continue to expand in the future.