When did African Homo sapiens begin to leave Africa?

1. Traditional theory holds that Homo sapiens walked out of Africa 60,000 years ago. Researchers at the University of Tübingen in Germany believe that Homo sapiens may have left Africa about 130,000 years ago and entered Australia along the Arabian Peninsula and the coast of India.

2. Katrina Halvati of the University of Tübingen in Germany and her colleagues conducted a comparative test on the traditional theory of "walking out of Africa 60,000 years ago" and the assumption that the departure occurred earlier. They inserted the genomes of native Southeast Asians into a migration model and found that the best explanation for the genetic data was that humans left Africa in large numbers about 130,000 years ago and entered Australia along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula and India. Only then did migration occur along the traditional route.

3. Early Homo sapiens (early Homosapiens) originated in Africa during the Middle Paleolithic about 30,000 to 250,000 years ago, and then expanded to the low and middle latitudes of Europe, Asia and Africa (except the Americas). This is the first time that humans have Out of Africa twice. (Dali people, Maba people, Dingcun people, Xujiayao people, and Neanderthals all belong to early Homo sapiens). After Homo erectus left Africa, Homo heidelbergensis evolved into Homo heidelbergensis in Europe about 600,000 years ago, and Homo heidelbergensis evolved into Neanderthals about 300,000 years ago, mainly in Europe and the Middle and Near East. For Europe and the Near East, Neanderthals almost certainly arose from western groups of Homo erectus, but the situation for Homo erectus in East, South Asia, and Africa is less clear. From about 250,000 years ago to 30,000 years ago, Neanderthals prospered. Neanderthals produced more advanced tools, which is called Mousterian culture. Neanderthals, who independently evolved into early Homo sapiens, later encountered early Homo sapiens who came out of Africa for the second time and late Homo sapiens who came out of Africa for the third time, and they coexisted with each other for a period of time.