Why Russia had few colonies before 19 14, and why South America was not divided by the great powers?

Colony refers to the area ruled by the suzerain, which has no independent rights in politics, economy, military affairs and diplomacy, and is completely controlled by the suzerain. Colonies in a broad sense also include semi-colonial countries and protected countries, which have administrative organs, armies and other state machines, but are controlled by other countries in economic, military and diplomatic aspects, as well as mandated areas and trust areas, as well as "overseas territories", "territories" and "overseas provinces" established by colonial countries in these areas.

The above is the common explanation.

As the saying goes, there are two different nationalities in a place occupied and ruled by foreigners. One is the ruling nation or conqueror.

Conquerors assimilate the conquered, or turn the conquered into a minority directly under their jurisdiction to survive.

However, in this case, most of the original land will be used by the conquerors. As a member of the new country, the original conquered people can only enjoy very little land, such as the relationship between American Indians and whites. This relationship also applies to Russia.

Originally, a large area of land belonged to non-Russians, but after the Russians occupied this land, they did not just send people to manage the original aborigines, but let Russian immigrants recover the land that did not belong to them. Hundreds of years later, it became a mixed place of Russians and aborigines, and naturally Russia became the owner of this land. Naturally, it is not called a colony.

British colonies are far from home, and even if they emigrate, they will be divided, that is, the descendants of British immigrants to the colonies have produced a new nation, separated or split from Britain and established a new country. These people are no longer regarded as foreign colonists, so they naturally become local people. This is how most English-speaking countries in the world come. But such a country needs few indigenous people, like India, they can't do it, and the descendants of the colonists will be driven back.

Russia's great expansion includes these ways. In places that still belong to Russia today, the original indigenous people have become ethnic minorities, and their land is shared with Russian immigrants (even the latter occupies more land). Whether the descendants of these Russian immigrants leave the mainland is today's European part, so naturally they are no longer colonies.

The five Central Asian countries, the three Caucasus countries, Ukraine and other countries that originally left Russia in a few days are actually colonies. Now the Chechen problem can also be regarded as a colonial problem. Chechens think that Russia's foreign colonists, while Russians think that there are many Russians on Chechen land, and they should also be part of Russian land.

This problem is actually a process from conqueror or colonist to assimilation. /kloc-After 0/5th century, South America became a colony of Spain and other countries. During the colonial rule, the indigenous people were invaded, and the population gradually decreased, while the number of white immigrants in Europe increased year by year. Some Indians are mixed with whites. In addition, in order to meet the needs of farming and make up for the shortage of Indian labor, many black slaves were trafficked from Africa. With the passage of time, South America has formed a continent dominated by whites and Indo-Europeans. Spanish colonial rule and oppression are cruel. White and mixed-race people in the colonies were the first victims of this rule. Under the influence of the American War of Independence and the French Revolution,1at the end of the 8th century1at the beginning of the 9th century, a surging independent liberation movement with whites and Indo-European hybrids as the main body was launched in South America. At that time, Simon Bolí var, San Martin, ohiggins and other heroes of the war of independence appeared. After years of struggle, the Spanish colonists ended in failure, and the South American countries became independent in the 1920s.