Hundreds of surnames have a high migration history.

Gao is a multi-ethnic, multi-source and ancient surname group with many origins. It ranks 19 among the top 100 families in Chinese mainland, and 30th in Taiwan Province, with a population of about14.769 million, accounting for 0.92% of the total population in China, with Yuyang, Liaodong, Guangling, Henan and Liaodong as counties. The mainstream of Gao originated in today's Henan province, but it was mostly distributed in Qilu area after the Spring and Autumn Period.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Gao was mainly active in North China, one of which was the late Warring States Period. After the destruction of Chu State, it passed through the land of wuyue, entered Chu State, and finally reached Hainan.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Gao's footprints have spread all over North China, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia and the Central Plains.

The last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty was the heyday of Gao surname, and the most famous Bohai Gao surname was formed in Shandong. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Gao mainly migrated to the north and northeast.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, due to the demise of the Northern Qi Dynasty, Gao was forced to emigrate to southern Shaanxi and western Shu. At the end of the fourth century, the beginning of the fifth century and the end of the fifth century, the people of the Central Plains migrated to Japan on a large scale to escape the war, which formed two climaxes of "naturalized people" going to Japan as called in Japanese history books.

The main curse is Wu Luanhua in the late Western Jin Dynasty. The long-term and extremely cruel ethnic vendetta made the Han people in Chinese mainland unbearable, and began a wave of large-scale migration to the surrounding areas: mainly south to the south of the Yangtze River, followed by fleeing from the northeast to the Korean Peninsula, and a considerable number of north and south refugees finally went to Japan. When King Liu came to Japan, Gao had an entourage.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Gao's main activity place was still north of the Yangtze River, but he continued to migrate to Sichuan and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. During the Five Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties, Gao migrated to all parts of the south of the Yangtze River, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Gao entered Taiwan.

In the Song Dynasty (960- 1279), there were about 890,000 people with high surnames, accounting for 1. 15% of the national population, ranking 15. Anhui is the largest province with high surname, accounting for 15.6% of the total population in China and 3. 1% of the total population in Anhui. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Anhui, Hebei, Shaanxi, Henan and Sichuan provinces, accounting for 62% of the total population. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanxi, Hubei and Zhejiang, and the high surnames in these three provinces are concentrated in 20%. China, with Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi and Hebei as the center, has a high surname distribution belt radiating to the northeast, northwest and southeast.

During the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644), there were about 930,000 people with high surnames, accounting for 1% of the national population, and it was the 19 surname in the Ming Dynasty. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the net population growth rate in China was 20%, and the population with high surname basically did not increase, which was much lower than that in China. Over the past 600 years, the net increase rate of the population with middle and high surnames has been 4%, with a net increase of 40,000. Shandong is the largest province with high surname, accounting for 18.8% of the total population of high surname. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Jiangsu (12.5%) and Zhejiang (12.2%), and the high surnames in these three provinces account for about 44% of the total population of high surnames. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanxi, Jiangxi, Gansu and Hebei, and the high surnames in these four provinces are concentrated at 29%. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of Gao surname changed greatly, and the population mainly migrated from the north to the southeast and northwest, especially to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. China has re-formed three high-level population gathering areas: Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shanxi and Shanxi.

At present, the population with high surname has reached 1.452 million, which is the largest surname in China, accounting for about 1.2 1% of the population in China. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population of middle and high surnames has surged from 930,000 to more than14.5 million, reaching 15 times. The average population of the Ming Dynasty was close to 93 million, and the contemporary population was 65.438+0.2 billion, an increase of 654.38+0.3 times. The population growth rate of high surname is higher than that of the whole country, and the population growth rate of 1 000 shows a "V" shape. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, accounting for about 30% of the total population of Gao. Secondly, it is distributed in Hubei, Hebei, Henan, Sichuan and Guangdong, with a concentration of 365,438+0% in these five provinces. Shandong is a big province with high surname, accounting for 14.6% of the total population and 2.3% of the total population. China has formed a high surname area in Bohai Bay and the eastern coastal areas. In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of the migration of the population with the high surname have been very different from those in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially the migration direction from the east to Central China and North China has always been greater than that from the north to the south and east. At the same time, the migration to the southwest and south has become an important flow.