An analysis of the causes of Putian immigrants in Chaoshan

Putian people immigrated to other places for the following reasons: Putian is the first Jinshi county with the strength of two counties in Fujian, and it is also the main residence of Zhongyuan people who entered Fujian in past dynasties. Putian culture is particularly developed, and examiners are all over the Central Plains. Most of the officials sent by the imperial court to Hainan and Chaoshan were from Putian. A large number of Putian people were assigned as officials by the court. For example, Cai Xiang, the magistrate of Quanzhou, Huang Daozhou, the minister of rites in Ming Dynasty, and Fang Xianfu, the minister of official department, were all from Putian County, and settled in the local area after becoming an official (Fang Xianfu settled in Guangzhou). Weng Wanda, a minister of the Ming Jiajing Ministry of War, "used to live in Putian, Fujian, and was a famous person. He moved to the village. " To Wanda is the seventh generation. In the history of Guangdong Province, three of the nine top scholars were originally from Putian. Chaozhou Lin Daqin, Wuchuan Lin Zhaotang (descendants of Putian Jiumulin), etc.

Putian has the longest history of becoming a gathering place for immigrants. Before the migration tide spread to Huiyang and Hainan Island, people from the Central Plains had lived in Putian for more than 300 years, at least 200 years. They became authentic Putian people, different from the later Zhongyuan people. This is also a very different place from Zhuji Lane and Shibi Township. Putian people are not only very different from Zhongyuan people in the future, but also different from Fuzhou people next to them. Like Zhuji Township and Shibi Township, they received groups of Zhongyuan people who came to Putian to avoid the war. During the period of Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty, the government clearly designated Putian as a gathering place for immigrants, but this time the scale was smaller than that in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Putian is the most prominent place where the contradiction between people and land is in southern Fujian. Putian immigration is a very famous event, but what is the reason? Why did you decide to go south to Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou? Why didn't you hesitate to travel long distances across the ocean to remote Zhanjiang, Leizhou and Hainan? Putian immigrants began in the Tang Dynasty, and were common in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Guangdong Province and Hainan Province are the most important immigrant destinations. Chaozhou, Shantou, Zhanjiang and other places in Guangdong generally have the saying that "ancestors moved to Putian", which proves that history, genealogy and writing are true. But many Chaoshan people and Hainan people regard Putian as their hometown. The genealogical systems in Chaoshan and Hainan are quite complete. These genealogies clearly record "ancestors moved to Putian" and clearly remember the names of ancestors who entered the local ethnic groups from Putian. Putian people immigrated to Hainan, Guangdong for the following reasons. Ancient society was in turmoil and disasters occurred frequently. Putian was the most tenacious area against the Mongolian army and the Qing army at the end of the Song Dynasty, and it was the hardest hit by the "Japanese pirates", even the harsh coastal relocation in the Qing Dynasty, which led a large number of Putian ancestors to embark on the road of immigration in order to escape the war and flee to war. Historical records: Xinghua (Putian) in Fujian is the smallest, but it has the strongest resistance! Putian dialect has been squeezed by Fuzhou dialect for hundreds of years, but it has never changed the foundation of Putian dialect and Minnan dialect! Putian people are orthodox people from the original Central Plains.

In the first year of Xiangxing (AD 1278), Qiu Caiwen, the ancestor of Qionglai, was defeated by Zhang Shijie's army to attack Leicheng and settled in Chengmai County. Song Jinshi, a native of Qiongshan County, and Zhou Xiumei, a university student of the Imperial Academy, were born in Jiangmen, Huazhou and Wuchuan at the end of the Song Dynasty. Chen Baxuan and Chen Ruzhen (Chen's anti-Yuan heroes), Jiedong Oriental School, whose ancestral home was Fang Zhen, lived in the Southern Song Dynasty for six years (1233). In order to escape the war, they came to Jieyi from Hanjiang River in Putian, Fujian. Chen in Gan Tang, Zhanjiang, with a total population of more than 654.38 million, is Zheng in the village, Zhongshan in Wuchuan, Lin in Liaodong village, Shen in xishan village, Lei in Nanluo village in Haikang, Huang in Pingshan village in Lianjiang, Du in du cun in Wuchuan, Xiao in Xiaowan village, Cao in Xuwen Caojia village, Cai in Beiying village and Fang in Chaoshan (Hongyang area). Putian has a long tradition of doing business since ancient times. In the Tang Dynasty and Putian, it became an important commercial center in Fujian. During the Northern Song Dynasty, its business area covered Guangdong, Hainan and other places. For example, the Fang family in Fangkeng Village, Deng Gang Town, Jiedong County, whose ancestors were Fang Taoxi, entered the tide of business in the Southern Song Dynasty, and then moved to Jiedong with their families from Putian, Fujian. Surnamed tang Tang is the ancestor of Qiong, who crossed Qiongshang from Putian at the end of Yuan Dynasty and settled in Wenchang County. In the Ming Dynasty, Chaoshan became one of the distribution centers of materials and import and export strongholds in eastern Guangdong, southwestern Fujian and southern Jiangxi. The good business environment has attracted businessmen from all over the world, including many early Putian businessmen. The king of Fengxi Village and his ancestor Wang Chunzuo settled here after going to Chaozhou for business in the early Ming Dynasty (about 1400), and later developed the king.

In addition to the above factors, the characteristics of Putian's narrow land and dense population also forced some Putian people to choose immigration. Some have settled in Hainan, Guangdong and other places because of marriage and military service. Compared with other so-called "immigration transit places" and Putian, there are obvious differences. The genealogical systems in Chaoshan and Hainan are quite complete. These genealogies clearly record "ancestors moved to Putian" and clearly remember the names of ancestors who entered Putian as local citizens. Most of them are authentic Putian people. Their ancestors lived in Putian for more than a dozen generations, and the least time they lived in Putian was more than 100 years. Even the surnames of most naturalized ancestors are well-known families in China, which originated in Putian. For example, in Chaoshan, Zhanjiang, Hainan and other places, most of the Lins' families are "Jiumu Forest" originating in Putian, while Huang's family is "Puyang Yellow" and Zheng's family is "Nanhu Zheng in Putian". Putian is the hometown of ancestors in Chaoshan, Zhanjiang and Hainan, which accords with historical facts.