Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

The preliminary research work of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project began in the early 1950s. During the 40 years since the mid-1990s, the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission and relevant provincial (municipal) departments have carried out a lot of survey, planning, design and scientific research. 1994 1 month, the Ministry of Water Resources approved the feasibility study report of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project compiled by the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission, and submitted it to the State Planning Commission to recommend the construction of this project. At the same time, six special reports were submitted, including Study on Adjustable Water Quantity of Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hanjiang River, Study on Water Supply Dispatching and Storage, Study on Construction Scheme of Main Canal Project, Study on Ecological and Environmental Impact, Comprehensive Economic Analysis and Required Construction Scheme of Water Source Project. Planning and Design Administration of South-to-North Water Diversion Project of Ministry of Water Resources organized relevant experts to evaluate these six topics from July to August, 2000/KLOC-0. According to the evaluation opinions, the contents of each special report are informative, the technical route of the research is correct, the method is scientific and reasonable, and the work depth has reached the requirements of the planning stage. At the same time, some suggestions for modification and supplement are put forward. On this basis, the Middle Route Project Planning of South-to-North Water Transfer Project (200 1 Revision) was compiled (draft for review). In September of 20001year, the Ministry of Water Resources presided over the review of the draft planning report. The review comments are as follows: the revised planning report meets the depth requirements of the planning stage, and most experts agree with the main conclusions of the revised planning report and the recommended scheme. The water price is determined according to the principle of "repaying the loan with loan, preserving the capital and making a small profit", and the water users' tolerance to the water price is fully considered. Brainstorm, listen to the opinions of experts from all sides, and choose multiple schemes. According to the diversion scheme of the main stream of the Yangtze River, the selection of projects in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River, the staging mode, route and form of water conveyance projects, etc. More than 40 compulsory schemes are combined, and the comparison of engineering quantity and investment is made. From the initial stage, 20 schemes were selected and included in the report for further comparison and selection, and finally the recommended scheme was selected.

In the master plan of South-to-North Water Transfer approved by the State Council in 2002, the planning objectives are: to solve the problem of water shortage in Beijing, Tianjin and North China, to alleviate the contradiction between urban crowded ecology and agricultural water use, to basically control the severe situation of over-exploitation of groundwater and over-utilization of surface water, and to curb the trend of continuous deterioration of ecological environment. Planning Basis: The urban water resources planning of South-to-North Water Transfer Project organized by the State Development Planning Commission and the Ministry of Water Resources in 2000 was approved by the State Development Planning Commission and the Ministry of Water Resources in conjunction with the Ministry of Construction, the State Environmental Protection Administration and China International Engineering Consulting Company. On the premise of fully considering water saving and pollution control, the planning predicts that the annual water shortage of major cities in the water receiving area of the Middle Route Project will be 78× 108m3 in 20 10, and108m3 in 2030. Planning principle: adhere to the sustainable development strategy, correctly handle the relationship between economic development and population, resources and environment, improve the ecological environment and beautify the living environment, and realize the optimal allocation of water resources. Planning task: According to the above principles and basis, determine the water transfer scale and project plan, study the construction and operation management system of the mid-line project, and reasonably calculate the water supply price. Planning level year: recent 20 10, later 2030 and future 2050.

The planned water intake area of the middle route project includes the central and western parts of Tangbaihe Plain and Huanghuaihai Plain, with a length of more than 1000km from north to south and a total area of15.1×104km2. In this area, the demand for water resources will continue to increase due to economic and social development. By further strengthening water conservation, raising water price, increasing investment and comprehensive management, the water shortage will be 78× 108m3 in 2065438 and 128× 108m3 in 2030 respectively. The short-term and late-term water dispatching of the mid-line project is determined according to the urban water shortage.

The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is an integral part of the whole South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project draws water from Danjiangkou Reservoir in the middle and upper reaches of the Han River, focusing on solving the water shortage problem in more than 20 large and medium-sized cities in four provinces (cities) such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Henan, taking into account the ecological environment and agricultural water use along the route. Total length of main canal 1.277km. Danjiangkou Reservoir is the water source of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Heightening the dam according to the normal water level 170 m can reduce abandoned water, increase water supply, improve water supply technology and raise flood control standards in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, but 250,000 people need to be resettled. The mid-line project will be implemented in two phases. The main goal of the first phase of the project is to divert water from Danjiangkou Reservoir by gravity after the Danjiangkou Dam is heightened, and deliver water to Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin and other four provinces (cities) through hardened open channels. The average annual adjustable water volume of the first phase of the central line project is 95× 108m3, and it will reach 130× 108m3 in the long term. At the same time, in order to reduce the adverse impact of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River on the central part of Hubei Province after the water transfer from Danjiangkou Reservoir in the middle route project, four ecological construction projects, such as diverting water from the Yangtze River to the Han River in Hubei Province, were built.

The first phase of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project transfers water from Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hanjiang River to Beijing, Tianjin and North China. Key projects are divided into two major projects: water source project and water conveyance project. The water source area project mainly includes: Danjiangkou water control project; Resettlement project and compensation project in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River. The water conveyance project starts from the head of Taocha Canal in Danjiangkou Reservoir, extends along the completed 8 km channel, travels northeast in the area where Funiu Mountain foothills and plains alternate, crosses Nanyang Baihe River, and then crosses Jianghuai Watershed to prevent Chengguan, and enters Huaihe River Basin. It passes through Baofeng, Yuzhou and Xinzheng West, and crosses the Yellow River at Gubaizui in the northwest of Zhengzhou. Then it goes north along the piedmont plain of Taihang Mountain and the west side of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, enters the hilly area in Tangxian County, crosses Juma River in the north, enters the Beijing boundary, crosses Yongding River and enters the urban area of Beijing, and ends at Yuyuantan. Total length of main canal1241.2km ... The scheme of "Xinkaidian North Line" is recommended for Tianjin main canal line, starting from West Montenegro and ending at Outer Ring River. The way of water conveyance is the combination of open channel and pipeline, that is, the pipeline enters Tianjin, crosses the Qingnan flood diversion area and its adjacent reach, and the rest is still open channel. The open channel line is 93. 14km long, and the pipeline line is 60.68km long. The main water conveyance canal includes Tianjin main canal, with a total length of 1420km.

The head of Taocha Canal in the first phase of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is 350 m3/s, and the average water delivery for many years is 80× 108 ~ 90× 108m3. The scale of crossing the Yellow River is 250 m3/s, and the corresponding water quantity is 40× 108 ~ 50× 108m3, supplying water to Beijing and Tianjin 10× 108m3. The scale of Qingquangou South Diversion Project is 100 m3/s, and the water supply to Hubei Province is 1 1× 108m3. The water conveyance project mainly adopts open channel gravity flow. According to the principle of "appropriate canal is canal, appropriate pipe is pipe, and appropriate culvert is culvert", the overall layout of water conveyance project is optimized. The main water conveyance canal is lined all over the line and communicates with the crossing river. The main water conveyance channel is gravity flow, and only the end part is pressurized by pipe culvert.

According to the later scale of Danjiangkou Reservoir, the water regulation of the middle route project is completed, and the normal water level is 170m m. Considering the development level in 2020, some compensation projects are needed in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River to ensure that the average water regulation for many years is141.4×108m3, which is generally a dry year (guarantee rate).

The water supply scope is mainly in the western and central parts of Tangbaihe Plain and Huanghuaihai Plain, and the total water supply area is about 15.5× 104 km2. Due to the limited amount of water diverted from the Han River, it can not meet the water demand of the planned water supply area, and can only be mainly used for urban life and industrial water in four provinces (cities) of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, taking into account agricultural and other water use in some areas.

The water source project of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project will be completed in 20 13. Danjiangkou Reservoir controls 60% of the Hanjiang River Basin, with an average natural runoff of 408.5× 108m3 for many years. Considering the upstream development, the water inflow in 2020 is predicted to be 385.4× 108 m3. On the basis of initial scale, Danjiangkou Water Control Project was completed as planned. The elevation of the dam crest is increased from 162m to 176.6m, the design water level is increased from 157m to 170m, and the total storage capacity is 290.5× 108 m3, which is higher than the initial stage.

The Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project has its unique advantages. First, timely water supply dispatching is safe and reliable. Danjiangkou Reservoir has great regulating capacity. In addition to flood control in the main flood season, the storage capacity reaches 98× 108 m3, and reaches 190× 108 m3 after flood season. There are a large number of reservoirs on both sides of the main canal, which can undertake the tasks of "charging" regulation and "compensation" regulation, and another waterfall reservoir is used as an "online" regulation reservoir. Through the main canal, the safe and reliable water supply dispatching can be ensured by adopting mature modern control technology and advanced dispatching management means. The second is the unique geographical conditions. The main canal is located in the west of the plain, commanding and with a wide control range. The connection with the existing water conservancy projects in the receiving area is simple and the water supply scheduling is flexible. Third, water resources are abundant. The middle route project draws water from Danjiangkou Reservoir, and can draw water from the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River when necessary in the future. Fourth, while supplying water to cities along the canal, water can be replenished to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River through the south bank sluice of the Yellow River crossing project. Combined with the joint operation of the Yellow River water and sediment regulation project, the clear water of the Yangtze River is used to dilute sediment, scour the riverbed and replenish water in the middle reaches of the Yellow River to solve the problems of water shortage and uncoordinated relationship between water and sediment in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

The Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is a magnificent ecological project. The average annual water shortage in the water receiving area of the Middle Route Project is above 60× 108 m3, and the economic and social development has to be maintained by a large number of over-exploited groundwater, resulting in a large-scale and substantial decline of groundwater, and even the aquifer in some areas has been exhausted. After the implementation of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the average annual water transfer is 95× 108m3 in the initial stage, and the scale of water transfer will be further expanded as needed in the later stage, which can effectively solve the water shortage problem in the receiving area and significantly improve the ecological environment.

The Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, as a great project of "win-win between North and South", will play an important role with the development of history. The middle route project has also played a positive role in protecting the water environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River. The river regulation project affected by shipping and the culvert pump station reconstruction project affected by water transfer will not only minimize the impact of water transfer, but also significantly increase the flow of the river below Xinglong in dry season, which is expected to basically eliminate the spring "water bloom" phenomenon that once seriously threatened the water supply safety of Wuhan and other cities. The main canal of the middle route project is not only a "clear water corridor", but also a "green corridor". The main canal does not run through the mountains, with superior construction conditions and little impact on the environment. Rivers along the line intersect with the main canal to ensure water quality. At the same time, when Danjiangkou Reservoir is full of water, it can be easily put into local rivers to improve the water environment of rivers. In addition, the mid-line project will also promote the development of greening, ecological agriculture and green agriculture and improve the local ecological environment.

By 20 15, the water source area of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project will achieve three major goals: first, the water quality of Taocha water intake of Danjiangkou Reservoir will reach Grade II, and the water quality of the main tributaries directly flowing into the reservoir will not be lower than Grade III; Second, the total pollutant control target, COD (chemical oxygen demand) emissions decreased by 8.3%, ammonia nitrogen emissions decreased by10.6%; The third is the goal of soil and water conservation. The degree of soil erosion control has reached 50%, and the annual soil erosion has been reduced by 0./kloc-0 /×108 ~ 0.2×108t.