What is the most primitive papermaking process? Which raw materials are only available in China?

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Auto.dayoo.com April 27th, 2007 10:5 1: 10 Source: Comprehensive.

■ Exploring the glory of labor: the ancient village of papermaking in the Millennium

In the mountains dozens of kilometers away from Wenzhou city, there is a thousand-year-old village that uses ancient methods to make paper. This is Zeya, known as the "Wild Goose Swing in the West". The mountains are full of bamboos and flowing streams, and ancient papermaking techniques can be seen everywhere, away from the noise of the city, as if in a paradise.

Zeya's Silianhui Papermaking Workshop in Nandu, Shi Qiaocun is known as the "living fossil" of ancient papermaking. In the Ming Dynasty, our ancestors built four water-saving houses downstream, so as to reuse water resources when ramming paper materials, so they were named Sihui. Even this ancient village is in danger of being destroyed by traditional paper-making technology. Maybe our mistakes at this time will cause regret in this world! The ancient tradition attracts people's souls, and the quiet world washes away the noise of the world!

Zeya, as its name implies, is water, and elegance is beauty. Of course, there are also many beautiful waters here: seven waterfalls, one waterfall wins one waterfall, magnificent. Tianmen Peak in Jinkeng Gorge is majestic and fantastic. There are many caves in Gaoshanjiao Scenic Area, which are quiet and quiet, warm in winter and cool in summer. The pools here are as green as moist jade and will never run out. There are 245 kinds of plants growing in the vast mountains behind, and many wild animals also multiply the charm of Zeya landscape. However, what makes this place most famous in the world is its traditional papermaking technology, which has not changed for thousands of years.

Zeya's ancient papermaking technique has been well preserved since it was introduced to Zeya in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. It is the most primitive and complete ancient papermaking in China, and Zeya villagers are known as the living fossils of papermaking in China.

A few days ago, Zeya Shuiduikeng Village and Huangkeng Village, as the most complete ancient villages to preserve the paper mountain culture, were officially included in the third batch of provincial-level historical and cultural protection zones after demonstration by the Provincial Cultural Protection Department.

I have long heard that Shuiduikeng Village is beautiful, elegant and beautiful. The houses are all black tiles and black stones, and the mountains are all green. People are still so simple and hardworking, and every household is still repeating the process of pounding pulp and fishing for paper, leading a quiet negotiation life and continuing the story of "Paper Mountain".

On the weekend, accompanied by Kobayashi, a staff member of Zeya Scenic Tourism Bureau, I went to Shuiduikeng Village to experience the unique ink painting effect of the ancient village in misty rain, and visited the production of Zeya silk screen paper, a living fossil of ancient papermaking in China.

Go through Zeya Reservoir and drive towards Longjing Scenic Area, which is one of the five undeveloped scenic spots in Zeya, and few people care about it, making it particularly quiet. The mountain separated from the highway by a stream can no longer see the ridge of the mountain, and it is completely covered with green bamboo. Thin branches and green leaves are jumping happily with the breeze. Kobayashi told reporters that Zeya is full of water and water is the best raw material for making screen paper. Shuiduikeng village is also named after papermaking. Shuidukeng is a paper-making tool, a pit and a land with plenty of water.

10 minutes later, we entered the entrance of Shuidukeng village and were led to a Shuidukeng house by the sound of "dong" and "dong". The building of Shuidukeng house is very simple, but the labor of paper farmers and the management of Shuidukeng deeply attracted us.

I saw the rushing stream beating the bucket truck in the water tank, and the bucket truck was rotating, driving the spray teeth perpendicular to the bucket truck to fluctuate up and down. A thick log hung there in a lever shape, with a stone tablet tied to one end and the other end close to the wooden shaft on the bucket car. When the wooden shaft fell, it jumped on the log, and then the end tied with the stone tablet fell heavily and hit the stone pit below. Paper farmers skillfully put handfuls of pickled bamboo chips into stone pits with the rise and fall of stone tablets. In a short time, the bamboo chips turned into flocculent crumbs. Paper farmers said that this process is called tamping brush, which is one of the whole technological processes. Before that, there were materials (breaking bamboo into two-foot-long bamboo slices into a handful) and acid washing. Then there are more than 20 ways of pulping, fishing and pressing paper.

Song Yingxing, a scientist in Ming Dynasty, made a detailed record of papermaking in Heavenly Creations. The main working procedures include splitting bamboo and floating pond, boiling bamboo with full fire, blanking into curtain, covering curtain and pressing paper, and baking through fire.

The paper-making process flow preserved by paper farmers here is almost the same with it, and some processes are even older than those recorded in Tiangong Wu Kai. Kobayashi told reporters that in the past, every household made paper. When the weather was fine, every household put the pressed paper on the mountain to dry. The mountain was covered with Huang Cancan's paper, so it was named Paper Mountain.

Looking up from the house in Shuiduikeng, the ancient buildings in Shuiduikeng Village are unobstructed. There are more than 20 buildings, all two-story buildings, built on the mountain. The layout of the house is a simple three-in-one courtyard, with the main room, and the structures of the houses and doorways on both sides are relatively simple. Although the house is simple, even a little simple, it is made of stones and black tiles, but if you look closely, there are exquisite carvings on the black wooden beams and doors and windows. According to the villagers, the residents here are all Pan Shi family, and the ancient village has a history of more than 200 years. There are more than 500 people in the village, all from the Pan family. However, the young people of the Pan Shi family have moved abroad and now have a permanent population of 76. However, the rest of the villagers are still tirelessly studying paper-making technology, retaining a relatively complete form of Shan Zhi cultural village. There are 3 intact water rafts, 27 paper troughs and 39 pickling ponds in the village.

In order to let more tourists better understand the Zeya Paper Mountain culture, the tourism management department of Zeya Scenic Area will, on the basis of protecting ancient villages, specially open up areas to provide tourists with opportunities to personally contact with ancient paper-making activities. Peel bamboo, soak bamboo, brush, fish paper, press paper, separate paper and dry paper, whichever you choose. Enthusiastic villagers will teach you how to do it.

Zeya's ancient papermaking technique has been well preserved since it was introduced to Zeya in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. It is the most primitive and complete ancient papermaking in China, and Zeya villagers are known as the living fossils of papermaking in China.

In order to let tourists better understand the Zeya Paper Mountain culture, Jinkengxia Scenic Area provides personal contact with ancient paper-making activities by using existing conditions.

Bamboo all over the mountain provides enough raw materials for Zeya mesh paper. Farmers take local materials, sweep the bamboo leaves away, cut them into 1 m long, then split them into small bamboo strips with thick fingers and tie them into bundles. This process is called bamboo cutting.

After cutting, put the bamboo strips into lime and soak them in stone for about three months. Each pool can dissolve about 1500 kg. Take out the soaked bamboo, dry it in the sun, then soak it in clear water for one month to remove lime impurities, and then dry it in the sun. This process is called bamboo flooding.

Put the bamboo strips in a puddle and pound them into yellow paper wool, and someone will keep turning them over. This is a boring, hard and dangerous process, which requires patience and care. It takes about three hours for a bamboo. This process is called tamping.

When the paper curtain is placed on the next paper blank, the paper molds will be stacked together, like a wall, vertically and neatly, and then the water will be wrung off with a wringer. This process is called cutting paper walls or paper libraries.

Press the cut paper wall dry by lever principle. This process is called paper pressing.

Separate the pressed papers one by one. This process is called paper separation.

Dry the sorted paper in the sun on a sunny day, then arrange it and tie it together, and then it can be shipped out for sale. This is the whole process of Zeya's original papermaking.

There are many original papermaking workshops in Jinkengxia Scenic Area, which visitors can experience for themselves.

Manual papermaking process

1. Bamboo all over the mountain provides enough raw materials for Zeya screen paper. Villagers take local materials, take bamboo leaves, cut them into 1 m long, then pound them into finger-thick strips, commonly known as "brushes", and then tie them into bundles to dry.

2. Put the cut bamboo strips into lime and soak them in stones for 3-5 months, and each pool can be put down by about 1.500 kg.

After soaking, take out the brush, dry it in the sun, soak it in clear water for one month, remove lime impurities, and dry it again. This process is called curing bamboo. The smell of pickled bamboo with lime is very choking. As long as there is a pickled bamboo pit, a big village will be filled with this smell, so some villages will gather the pickled bamboo pits together.

3. Put the brush in the puddle and mash it into yellow paper wool. Someone should keep turning it. This is a boring, hard and dangerous process, which requires patience and care. This process is called tamping.

4. Dissolve the golden paper fluff in water, stir it evenly, and remove the water to make the paper fluff become a uniform paper fluff pulp. The next day, the paper wool was thinned in batches in proportion and stirred vigorously.

5. The curtain made of extremely fine bamboo silk is gently tossed in the pulp pool, leaving a thin pulp film after filtering off the water, and it is a piece of paper after drying. The thickness of paper depends entirely on the control level of the paper maker. It becomes thin when it is shaken gently, and it becomes thick when it is fished again. In order to get a piece of tissue paper, the ancients summarized three elements: "gently beating the waves", "holding the curtain to meet the waves" and "shaking the paper curtain instantly when touching the curtain". This process is called paper fishing. Thousands of paper films are stacked together, like a wall, vertically and neatly, which is called "paper bank" or "paper wall"

6. Using the lever principle, squeeze the water in the paper warehouse (or paper wall) with a wringer on the spot, and then break it into three or four sections.

7. Page the glued paper. The work seems simple, but it is not easy. Because the paper film is wet, if you just open it one by one by hand, it will often be damaged and scrapped. Experienced people use special things such as hand cuffs to draw a few times on the paper blank, and one side of the paper corner will tilt up and take the opportunity to separate one by one. The separated paper is put on the ground to dry. Most people who do this job now are old people and women.