Which emperor of the Han Dynasty (206-263 BC) do you admire most? (excluding Wang Mang) and explain the reasons.

In addition to Gaozu, there are two emperors, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Guangwu.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: In his fifty-four years in office, he established one of the most brilliant achievements of the Western Han Dynasty. The "Law of the Dead" says that "strength is strong, virtue is martial", which means majesty, strength and wisdom, and benevolence is martial. His great talent and literary skills made the Han Dynasty the most powerful country in the world at that time, and he became the great emperor in the history of China.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty founded the title of the year, which was also the first emperor in China to use it. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, he continued the policy of preserving health and helping the people pursued by his father before his death, further weakening the power of the vassal, and promulgated the decree of feudal lords proposed by Minister Zhu, which promoted the enfeoffment of the vassal by the legal system and forced the vassal's fief to shrink itself. At the same time, he introduced the secretariat rank to supervise the local government. Militarily and economically, centralization has been strengthened, and private businesses such as iron smelting, salt making and wine making are organized and managed by the central government. At the same time, it is forbidden for vassal States to cast money, so that financial power is concentrated in the central government. He adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", paving the way for the special position of Confucianism in ancient China. But in fact, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was never a lack of the concept of the rule of law. At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also used laws and regulations to consolidate the authority of the government and show the status of imperial power. Therefore, sinologists believe that this should be a system with law as the mainstay and Confucianism as the supplement, introducing Confucianism to ordinary people to show the leniency of the government, and at the same time imposing severe criminal laws on ministers within the government. However, advocating Confucianism does not mean abandoning the law, which was still the ultimate ruling method in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The castration of Ji An and Sima Qian, who were actively used at that time, is a famous example.

In the history of the development of the Chinese nation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created several firsts:

Unique respect for Confucianism; Following Dong Zhongshu's advice, he "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", which created the orthodoxy of China's traditional mainstream culture, ruled the traditional cultural stage in China for more than 2,000 years, and was highly praised by the rulers of past dynasties. What I want to explain here is that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not restrict the development of other schools, which led to the development of Confucianism and the vigorous promotion of the combination of Confucianism and law. For example, Xiahou Shichang studied Confucianism and was familiar with Yin-Yang and Five Elements. The prime minister also ruled Confucianism and Legalism; Zhufuyan started as a strategist; Sima Qian, a loyal Ji 'an Sima Tan, started from the theory of Huang Lao.

Second, establish China and North Korea to contain foreign countries;

During the reign of Huiwenjing, the prime minister treated each other with courtesy, and Emperor Wu was at odds with the prime minister. In order to carry out their own orders, China and Korea were established, and Shangshutai also appeared during this period.

3. Establish the year number;

The year number used by the first emperor in China history. In 1 13 BC, Liang Wudi took that year as four years of Ding Yuan, and later changed it to Jianyuan, Yuanguang and Yuanshou, with the annual title of six years.

Change the calendar at the beginning of the fourth year;

In the first year of Taichu (before 104), taichu calendar was changed, with the first month as the beginning of the year, and the color was yellow.

Wuyan Tieguanying;

The salt and iron official camp has continued since the Han Dynasty. Today, salt and iron tea is still mainly controlled by the government and state-owned enterprises.

Western Liu Tong;

It is of great historical significance for China to spread technologies such as smelting iron, sinking wells and silk lacquerware, and to introduce cucurbits, carrots, grapes and blood horses from the west.

Seven, open up territory.

Northwest China: Huo Qubing, Wei Qing, Li Guangli, Zhang Qian, Western Army and others made unremitting efforts, and the Western Region was incorporated into Chinese territory for the first time;

Southwest China: The appearance of emissary troops in succession belongs to the first time that the southwest border has been incorporated into Chinese territory.

North: Wei Qubing's attack made northern Xinjiang stable for a long time and protected the stability of the capital.

Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty: Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, was one of the famous feudal emperors in China history. Historically, he was both civil and military, open-minded and generous. He is good at fighting, winning more with less and winning by surprise. In the battle of Kunyang, most of ZTE's 28 th National Congress were promoted from junior officials, cloth clothes and ranks. He treats his ministers with "sincerity" and does not forget the past, but rewards and punishments are strict. Although the enemy will be rewarded, although relatives will be punished, such as reusing Zhu Bi who has a feud.

Guangwu was able to defeat the enemy in the war because he paid attention to strategy and had a keen political vision. In the unified war, he was good at using political offensives, such as announcing the release of slaves and prisoners, reducing taxes and criminal laws, in order to disintegrate the enemy and strengthen his own strength. He also pays attention to rectifying military discipline. As early as when he was the general of the regime of starting a new stove, he paid attention to restraining his subordinates to abide by military discipline, which was conducive to gaining more support.

After the national reunification, Guangwu can still be conscientious and diligent in political affairs. "Every time I look at the DPRK, it will clear up, and several officials will talk about the manager and get sleepy at night." The policies and measures he implemented not only safeguarded the feudal rule in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but also safeguarded national unity and relied on the people to promote social and economic development. Ye Fan, the author of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, said: "Although I have made some economic achievements, my competitiveness is not as good as mine, so I can be cautious in the political system, take charge of the power procedure, measure my time and strength, cite my mistakes, and let the heroes retreat into the literati and disperse my cattle and horses. Although I am not in the past, I will stop my martial arts. " Sima Guang also said: "Every time the emperor looks at the DPRK, it is a day of mourning ... Although he is conquering the great economic cause and the world has been decided, he is retiring from his post and entering the literati. He is wise and cautious about the political system, in charge of power planning, measuring time and strength, and has done nothing wrong, so he can restore his former strength and lead to peace. " They fully affirmed the achievements of Emperor Guangwu after the reunification of the country. In his later years, Emperor Guangwu announced that he longed for the world. Use this thought and Confucianism to deepen the rule of China people. However, he expelled Huan Tan, Yan Feng and other outspoken people who dared to remonstrate and refused to remonstrate. But generally speaking, among feudal emperors, it is still commendable to maintain a cautious, serious and diligent attitude towards political affairs. The picture on the right shows the Shinto in front of Liu Xiuling in Luoyang.

Lxm Liu Xiu treats people with sincerity, and makes Dou Rong, Ma Yuan and other generals come to their senses. In the warlord melee in the late New Dynasty, Liu Xiu's military discipline was better than other separatist forces. However, a generation of emperors did not have their shortcomings. In uncertain times, Liu Xiu still had generals who slaughtered and plundered cities. For example, Wu plundered the hometown of his general Deng Feng, which eventually made Deng Feng angry and rebellious. Until the haing s ngor monk Liu attacked and destroyed Gongsun Shu and plundered Chengdu, Liu Xiucai was willing to reprimand them at this time. However, although the imperial edict was well written, it did not affect the rank of haing s ngor at all. Obviously, Liu Xiu's binding force on the generals is still insufficient. In his later years, Liu Xiu was superstitious about divination, sometimes even emotional, which was unfair. Han Xin's remonstration and Dong Xuan's protection are stains on his official career.

These comments have certain reference value for evaluating Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. Fan Wenlan, a famous historian in modern times, commented on Guangwudi as follows: "This Liu Xiujun, who is dominated by Nanyang strongmen, has political advantages and military strategies. Coupled with the prohibition of looting and winning the hearts of the people, this determines that it is bound to win. Liu Xiu is not only the representative of the landlord class, but also the sworn enemy of the peasant uprising army. But he also represented the requirements of society and completed the great cause of national reunification. He played a great role in the war to overthrow Wang Mang and the war to pacify the separatist regime. Therefore, he is a historical figure who made important contributions to the history at that time. "

Wang Fuzhi, a great thinker in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, commented on Emperor Guangwu, saying that after three generations, only Emperor Guangwu Yan Xia, Shang Zhou and later "only Emperor Guangwu allowed hundreds of kings", saying that he surpassed all the emperors in history!

Mao Zedong praised Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty as a king who was "the best at employing people, the most knowledgeable and the best at fighting".