What are the threats to spacecraft and astronauts in space?

1. Threat of cosmic rays. In the space environment, there are particle flows such as solar wind, as well as a large number of cosmic rays such as gamma rays originating from outer space, which pose a huge threat to the health of astronauts.

2. Object impact. Including asteroids, meteors, space junk, etc. Collisions between high-speed moving space objects and spacecraft and spacewalking astronauts may cause damage.

3. Vacuum environment. Direct exposure to a vacuum environment may cause problems such as suffocation and boiling of body fluids. Problems with the air tightness of the spacecraft will pose a huge threat to the lives of astronauts.

4. Temperature problem. For example, on the surface of the moon, the temperature facing the sun can reach over 100 degrees Celsius, while the temperature facing away from the sun is close to minus 100 degrees.

5. Weightless environment. In a weightless environment, astronauts will experience weightlessness reactions, dizziness, calcium loss and other phenomena. The frequent changes of day and night can also make astronauts mentally ill.