Zheng Chenggong's life

(65438+ August 27th, 0624-65438+ June 23rd, 0662), the juvenile name, real name, was deeply influenced by the money of scholars in the late Ming Dynasty. Emperor Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty gave the country name Zhu, and the name was changed successfully, so it was also called Zheng, Guo and Ye. Li Yong of Wang Gui in Nanming named him King of Yanping County, so it is also called Zheng Yanping. The Netherlands and other western countries pronounce kok-se ng-i according to the Minnan dialect of "Guo Ye". Call it "Koxinga".

Zheng Chenggong was a famous anti-Qing fighter in Nanming. His father was a pirate-born Nanming general Zheng Zhilong, and his mother was a Japanese Tian. Zheng Chenggong was born in Ishii, Quanzhou, Fujian (now divided into Anhai Town, Jinjiang and Ishii Town, Nan 'an) and was born in Hirado, Kyushu, Japan. After Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and was captured, he led the anti-Qing struggle for fifteen years. He was the most important anti-Qing force in Nanming. He led an army to surround Nanjing, but failed. He also led troops across the Taiwan Province Strait, defeated the troops of the Dutch East India Company and took over its territory, and established the first Han regime in Taiwan Province Province, known as the Ming and Zheng Dynasties in history.

Directory [hidden]

Life of 1

1. 1 adolescence

1.3 arise and fight against the Qing dynasty

1.4 Battle of Chaozhou

1.5 captured Xiamen

1.6 Xiamen fell.

1.7 Battle of Zhangzhou Haicheng

1. 10 Battle of Nanjing on the Yangtze River

1. 1 1 captured Taiwan Province province.

2 guanjue

2. 1 official position

2.2 Title

Three families

3. 1 grandfather

3.2 Father

3.3 Mother

3.4 wife

3.5 brothers

3.8 offspring

4 protect overseas Chinese

4. 1 tried to capture the Philippines many times.

5. 1 official view of Qing dynasty

5.2 Views in the Early Republic of China

5.5 Japanese point of view

6 anecdotes and legends

6. 1 place name

6.2 Find Three Treasures and See the Light of Day again

6.3 omen

7 related projects

8 references

Nine temples

10 notes

[Editor] Life

[Editor] Adolescence

The statue of Zheng Chenggong's mother and son was born in Hirakawa, Kyushu, Japan on July 4, 2004 (1624/ August 27, the first year of Kuanyong, Japan). His father, Zheng Zhilong, is the leader of maritime merchants and pirates, and he has great influence in the southeast coast of China, Japanese, Taiwan Province and Philippine seas. Zheng Chenggong lived in Pinghu with his mother before he was six years old. It was not until his father Zheng Zhilong was recruited by the Ming court that Zheng Chenggong was taken back to live and study in Shijingjin, Nan 'an County, Quanzhou (formerly Anping Town, Jinjiang County, Fujian Province, now Anhai Town), which is now the former site of Chenggong Primary School. [ 1]

In the 11th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1638), Zheng Chenggong was a scholar and became one of the twenty "foodies" in Nan 'an County.

In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (164 1 year), she married Dong Yingxian, assistant minister of Jinshi Department in Hui 'an, Quanzhou, Fujian.

In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), he went to imperial academy, Nanjing for further study, learning from Qian, a famous Confucian in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. To encourage him, money gave him the word "big wood".

In the same year, Li Zicheng attacked Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park, and the Ming Empire perished. Then Wu Sangui led the Qing army into the customs and defeated Li Zicheng into Beijing. Zhu Yousong, the heir to the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne in Nanjing, and was renamed "Hong Guang" the following year (1645).

In May of the first year of Hong Guang (1645), Prince Qing Yu led many troops south and defeated Yangzhou, Nanjing, Shi Kefa and others. Emperor Hong Guang was captured and killed. Hong Guang's regime is dead.

[Editor] longwu period

After the demise of the dynasty in 1645, Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Hongkui became emperors of the Tang Dynasty in Fuzhou. In July of that year, they changed their name to "Dragon House". Later in the same year, Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu, also convened a prison in Shaoxing, and changed the following year to "the year of supervising the country in Lu". Although the two regimes, Longwu and Lu Jianguo, were "determined to restore", they were in conflict with each other and went their own way.

In the first year of Longwu (1645/ the second year of Qing Shunzhi), Zheng Chenggong was appreciated by Emperor Longwu and was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Royal Camp Zhong Jun, given the surname of the country and renamed as "Success", with the same surname as Ma Xu. Zheng, the son of Zheng Hongkui, was also given the surname by the Dragon Emperor. This is the origin of calling Zheng Chenggong the "national surname"; Zheng, because of his youth, is called "a small country named Ye".

In the second year of Longwu (1646/ the third year of Qing Shunzhi), Zheng Chenggong began to lead the army and was repeatedly ordered to enter and leave Fujian and Jiangxi to fight against the Qing army, which was highly valued by Emperor Longwu. But Zheng Zhilong, who really mastered the military and political power, had no intention of opposing the Qing Dynasty. Even when the Qing army went south to Fujian, he ordered Master Xian Xiaguan Shoujiang (also known as Shi Tianfu, uncle of Shilang clan) to withdraw his troops to Fuzhou. This led to little resistance when the Qing army invaded northern Fujian.

Hong Chengchou, a great scholar in Qing Dynasty, was a countryman of Zheng Zhilong. Under the inducements promised to the governors of the three provinces, Zheng Zhilong decided to take several other sons to the north to surrender to the Qing Dynasty, regardless of the opposition of Zheng Chenggong and Zheng Hongkui. Zheng Chenggong failed to dissuade his father, so he had to leave Jinmen with some soldiers. Zheng Zhilong thought that after the Qing Dynasty, he should not only protect his family business, but also be promoted and knighted. Unexpectedly, Boluo, commander-in-chief of Fujian Province, was attacked by the Qing army. He not only took Zheng Zhilong and other scholars to Beijing, but also sent troops to attack Nan 'an, Zheng's hometown. Tian, his mother, had moved from Japan to Nan 'an at that time, but unfortunately suffered this disaster and hanged herself in the war. When Zheng Chenggong learned of his mother's death, he was more determined to oppose the Qing Dynasty.

In August of the second year of Longwu, the Qing army conquered Pucheng and Xiapu. Emperor Longwu started his career in Jiangxi, but was captured by the Qing army in Tingzhou and died of hunger strike.

[Editor] Rise up against the Qing Dynasty

Schematic diagram of Zheng Chenggong's sphere of influence After avoiding Kinmen, Zheng Chenggong began to recruit troops in various coastal areas, incorporated Zheng Zhilong's former headquarters, and even raised thousands of troops in South Australia [3]. In the second year of Longwu (1647 65438+ 10), in December, Zheng Chenggong swore an oath against Qing Dynasty in Liyu (Xiaojinmen) in the name of "loyalty and filial piety".

In July of the third year of Longwu (1647), Zheng Chenggong and Cai Zheng's army attacked Haicheng and failed. In August, he successfully encircled Quanzhou City with Zheng Hongkui. Wang Jin, the lieutenant of Yinzhou, led troops into the city, and Zheng Jun was defeated.

In the 4th year of Longwu (1648/ 5th year of Qing Shunzhi), Lu Ruoteng, the former governor of Zhejiang, and others made a comeback. After Zheng Chenggong accumulated his strength, he attacked again and conquered Tongan County. In May, Zheng Jun besieged Quanzhou. In July, Chen Tai, the general of Qing Jingnan, Jin Chen, the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian, and Zhao Guozhuo, the magistrate of Fujian, turned to Tongan, and Zheng Jun was defeated, resulting in numerous casualties among commanders and soldiers. Soon, the Qing army reinforcements arrived in Quanzhou, and Zheng Chenggong lifted the siege of Quanzhou and returned to the sea sadly.

In the same year, Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren, the general commanders of Jiangxi in the Qing Dynasty, set out to fight against the Qing Dynasty in Jiangxi, and Li Chengdong, the magistrate of Guangdong and Guangxi, also invested in the Li Yong court, which made the momentum of fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight soar for a while. Unfortunately, most of the anti-Qing forces have become local struggles without tacit understanding and fragmented. Soon after, the Qing court suppressed the forces of Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren in Jiangxi. Li Chengdong's army in Guangdong also perished in the third year of Li Yong.

In the third year of Li Yong (1649/ six years of Qing Shunzhi), Zheng Chenggong changed Li Yong to Zhengshuo. Later, Li Yong named him King Yanping [4], so some people also called him Zheng Yanping.

[Editor] Battle of Chaozhou

At that time, the situation in southern Fujian was chaotic. In addition to the Ming and Qing dynasties, local tyrants and mountain thieves were everywhere, fighting with each other and collecting money and food from nearby people, just like local emperors. Compared with these local forces, Zheng Chenggong's armament is relatively complete, but because the army is too big and the territory is too small, he is faced with the major problem of raising wages. In October of the third year of Li Yong, Zheng Chenggong decided to send troops south. In addition to attacking the Qing army in southern Fujian, he also planned to subdue towns and villages along the road as food sources. More than a month later, Zhangpu, Xiao Yun and other places were captured by the Qing army, and villages such as Dahao and Xiamei were also settled; 1 1 month, Zheng Jun attacked Zhaoan, but decided to turn to eastern Guangdong and conquer uncooperative sporadic troops from fenshuiguan to Chaozhou. In May of the following year, Chaoyang and many surrounding cottages were conquered for the first time.

Hao Shangjiu, the governor of Haozhou, fought against the Qing Dynasty with Li Chengdong in Li Yong for two years, but he sent troops in Shi Lang, Zheng Hongkui and other places, and also rejected Zheng Chenggong's request for "coalition". When Zheng Chenggong attacked Xinwei village, he sent troops to fight with Zheng Jun, and he always had bad feelings with Zheng Chenggong. Li Yong four years in June, Zheng Chenggong's troops arrived in Chaozhou, and he attacked Chaozhou on the grounds that Hao Shangjiu's status was "unclear". Hao Shangjiu's troops were defeated by Zheng Jun, so he had to retreat to Chaozhou Fucheng. Jieyang, Puning, Huilai and other counties all fell into the hands of Zheng Jun. Soon, the Qing army invaded Guangdong again, leaving Chaozhou Hao Shangjiu under attack. In a rage, he surrendered to the Qing army and led the Qing army into Chaozhou City to fight side by side with Zheng Chenggong. Zheng Jun besieged Chaozhou City for three months. Apart from prolonged fighting and low morale, he also faced the problem of food aid, so he had to retreat to southern Fujian in August.

[Editor] Seize Xiamen

Li Yong four years (1650/ Qing Shunzhi seven years), Zheng Chenggong's uncle (a brother [5]), Cai Zheng and Zheng Lian's troops owned Xiamen. After Zheng Chenggong returned to Minnan, in order to strengthen his own strength, he used Zheng Lian as an excuse to extort money in Xiamen and hurt the people. Take Shi Lang's advice and take Xiamen in a planned way. On the Mid-Autumn Festival every four years, Zheng Chenggong took advantage of Cai Zheng's departure from Xiamen to visit Zheng Lian. Zheng Lian was unprepared and was assassinated. Soon, when Cai Zheng learned of Zheng Lian's death, he was even more afraid of fighting with Zheng Chenggong. After returning to Xiamen, he surrendered all the military power. Since then, it has received some troops from Hezheng, and actually gained Xiamen and Jin as base areas.

[Editor] The Fall of Xiamen

In November of the fourth year of Li Yong, the two kings of Qingpingnan and Jingnan led tens of thousands of fighters into the ear; Zheng Chenggong was ordered by Li Yong to send his uncle Zheng Zhiguan to stay in Xiamen. /kloc-in October/February, Zheng Chenggong arrived in Jieyang, Guangdong, and joined forces with Zheng Hongkui; He said that he would lead his troops south, and Zheng Hongkui would lead his troops to guard Xiamen. In the same year, accompanied by Ceng Ying and others from the Cabinet Department, King Lu came to Xiamen to take refuge in Zheng Chenggong and was placed in Kinmen. In the first month of the 5th year of Li Yong (165 1 year/8th year of Qing Shunzhi), Zheng Chenggong arrived in South Australia. On February 25th, Zheng Jun's fleet was caught in a storm near Yanzhou Port. Zheng Chenggong's main ship almost disintegrated and capsized, and almost all the vessels on board, including Ding Lu, were lost. According to records, even food could not be prepared on the ship at that time, and Zheng Chenggong himself was even hungry for two meals. It was not until the next afternoon that the wind and rain gradually subsided that Zheng Chenggong's main and auxiliary ships could return to the shore to meet the fleet. This is the biggest disaster that Zheng Chenggong himself encountered at sea. Afterwards, Zheng Chenggong also rewarded two main and co-pilots of China warships.

In March, Zheng Jun arrived at Guangdong Daxing Institute. On the other hand, Zhang Xuesheng, the governor of Fujian in the Qing Dynasty, learned that Zheng Chenggong's main army had gone to Guangdong, and Xiamen-Zhangzhou's defense was loose, which seemed to have an opportunity. He ordered Ma Degong, Wang Bangjun and others to attack Xiamen. Ma Degong held Zheng Zhibao hostage in Nan 'an, and ordered him to hand over the ship to ferry the Qing army to Xiamen, and successfully defeated Zheng Jun at sea. In the face of the attack of the Qing army, Zheng Zhiguan, who was in charge of Xiamen's defense, was afraid before the war and only cared about carrying property to escape on a private ship. It made the Qing army break Xiamen quite easily and plundered the savings and equipment of the Zheng family. Due to the sudden accident, Mrs. Dong and Zheng Jing, the eldest son of Zheng Chenggong, only had time to escape from the sea with their ancestral tablets. After the successful sneak attack, the Qing army had no intention of staying in Xiamen to fight Zheng Jun, so it returned to the inland with a large number of trophies. Just then, Zheng Hongkui, who rushed to Xiamen to help, was besieged by Ma Degong's returning army at sea, but Ma Degong threatened to kill his mother and brother (Zheng Zhilong). In desperation, he had to let go. Soon, Zheng Chenggong learned of the attack on Xiamen, Guangdong. At first, he insisted on working hard in the south, but in the end, because the officers and men were homesick and cried everywhere, they had to move back to Xiamen. After recovering Xiamen, he was held accountable and beheaded his uncle Zheng, afraid to fight and escape; Zheng Hongkui, on the other hand, surrendered the military power, retired to Baisha and stopped asking about politics.

In May of the fifth year of Li Yong, Shi Lang, the general under Zheng Chenggong, executed Zeng De under Zheng Chenggong, which angered Zheng Chenggong and made him decide to kill the Shi Lang family. Shi Lang escaped with the help of his friends, but his father and brother were executed by Zheng Chenggong, and they formed a deep hatred with him. After Shi Lang fled Xiamen, he decided to surrender to the Qing Dynasty again.

[Editor] The Battle between Zhangzhou and Haicheng

In the second half of the fifth year of Li Yong (165 1), Zheng Jun won many major victories in Xiaoyingling and Haicheng (now Longhai) in southern Fujian, and recovered Pingping, Zhangpu, Zhaoan and Nanjing. At the end of the year, Zhang Houmingzhen and others from Dingxi came to take refuge in Zheng Chenggong, which made Zheng Jun's momentum increasingly high.

In January of the 6th year of Li Yong (1652/ 9th year of Shunzhi), He Wenxing, commander of Qing Haicheng, surrendered to Zheng Chenggong. In February, Zheng Jun attacked Changtai, and the Qing Dynasty sent Jin Chen to lead the army to rescue him. The two armies fought at Jiangdong Bridge. Zheng Chenggong, who was familiar with the topography of southern Fujian, arranged many ambushes near Jiangdong Bridge, defeated Jin Chen, wiped out most of the Qing army, and soon captured Changtai.

After conquering Changtai, Zheng Chenggong assembled an army to attack Zhangzhou Fucheng, surrounded by layers. In April, in order to solve the siege of Zhangzhou, the Qing army raised hundreds of ships to invade Xiamen, and the attack could survive. Zheng Chenggong sent Chen Hui, Zhou Rui and other warships 100 to meet him, and Yu Chongwu defeated the Qing army. Zheng Jun won a great victory at sea, so the pressure on Zhangzhou City increased instead of decreasing. However, the defenders in Zhangzhou were also quite tenacious, which made the siege situation last for half a year.

In a few months, the water and food in Zhangzhou city have been exhausted, and countless foot soldiers and people have starved to death. It is said that at that time, the soldiers and civilians in the city competed for food with each other, and even those who had food at home were afraid to cook, because once they were found to have lit the smoke in the kitchen, they would be robbed, and it was even said that some people ate human flesh. In September of the sixth year of Li Yong, Li Jing, the general of the Qing army, led an army of ten thousand people to Fujian and entered the whole state. Zheng Chenggong ordered the lifting of the enemy's siege of Zhangzhou. Zheng Chenggong deployed in Jiangdong, trying to ambush Jin Lijun by defeating Jin Chen, but Jin Liguo was caught by him and the two armies started a scuffle. After losing the battle, Zheng Jun had to retreat to ensure the safety of Haicheng and Xiamen.

In April of the 7th year of Li Yong (1653/ 10th year of Shunzhi), Li Jing invaded Haicheng and fought fiercely with Zheng Chenggong. Under the heavy artillery fire of the Qing army, Zheng Chenggong's troops suffered heavy losses and many people will die. When Zheng Chenggong saw that the morale of the army was low, he went to the front and shouted, and as a result, he was also shelled. In May, Zheng Chenggong found that the gunpowder and money of the Qing army were gone, so he lured the enemy to a decisive battle. While the Qing army was crossing the river on a large scale, he attacked gold to ensure the safety of Haicheng.

[Editor] He Qingyihe

After two defeats, the Qing army sent envoys to make peace in August of seven years. Zheng Chenggong saw that the army was exhausted after years of fighting, and wanted to take this opportunity to raise money to have a rest, so he promised to negotiate with the Qing Dynasty. The Qing court proposed that Zheng Chenggong be the Duke of Haicheng, and promised to place soldiers in a prefecture (Quanzhou). Zheng Chenggong does not accept such conditions.

In the eighth year of Li Yong (1654/ eleventh year of Shunzhi), Hou Mingzhen of Dingxi saw that the Qing army concentrated its forces in Fujian, and the defense in Zhejiang and Zhi Zhi was bound to be empty. So he invited a teacher from Zheng Chenggong, led hundreds of warships to the north and captured the area south of the Yangtze River. The division of the Northern Expedition in Zhangming Town invaded the Yangtze River and reached Jinshan Temple, threatening Nanjing City. But due to the lack of backup, I had to go back to the division. In February, the Qing court sent a special envoy to Zheng Chenggong, promising to cede the place to Xinghua, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou. Zheng Chenggong refused again on the grounds that "there are many soldiers and horses, and there are not enough places to save." In August, the Qing dynasty sent envoys to discuss; Zheng Chenggong's brother Du Zheng and Andrew are also among the envoys. Zheng Chenggong said that "the Qing Dynasty was not sincere" and that "as long as I am not summoned, my father will be honored in North Korea", and once again rejected the conditions put forward by the Qing Dynasty.

In the eighth year of Li Yong, Li Dingguo, the king of Xining in Nanming, contacted Zheng Chenggong, hoping to jointly attack Guangdong from the east and west, so that the forces of the Ming Dynasty could be integrated; If we go north along the Yangtze River and attack Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, the great cause of rejuvenation can be expected. Zheng Chenggong sent Lin Cha and Zhou Rui to the Western Expedition, but he postponed his appointment with Li Dingguo for some reason. As a result, Li Dingguo fought alone. Although Zhaoqing was recovered, it was still defeated outside Guangzhou. Li Dingguo had high hopes for joining hands with the Northern Expedition, and even promoted the marriage of Li and Zheng Lian to consolidate the alliance friendship [6]; But to Li Dingguo's great disappointment, Zheng Chenggong missed this great event because of his repeated victories.

In November of the eighth year of Li Yong, Liu Guoxuan, the secretariat of Zhangzhou in Qing Dynasty, surrendered to Zheng Chenggong and led Zheng Jun into Zhangzhou Fucheng. Zhang Shiyao, a general town in Zhangzhou, saw that the tide was running out, and all the following officials surrendered to Zheng Jun. In December, Zheng Jun divided his forces to attack and captured five counties, namely Tong 'an, Nan 'an, Hui 'an, Anxi, Yongchun and Dehua, and the army entered Xinghua.

[Editor] Set up six officials, and change the middle left to Siming House.

In the 9th year of Li Yong (1655/ 12th year of Shunzhi), due to the great distance between Li Yongdi and Zheng Chenggong, Li Yongdi specially authorized Zheng Chenggong to set up six officials, and allowed him to appoint official positions, including one military attache and six civilian officials. Every time Zheng Chenggong paid homage to officials, Zhu Shugui and the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty were invited to watch the ceremony to show their respect for the system [7]. Zheng Chenggong also renamed Xiamen (then the center-left school) as Siming House, and built a martial arts school so that Zheng Chenggong could personally supervise the officers and men to practice.

In September of the same year, General Dingyuan and Prince Shu of the Qing Dynasty led 30,000 troops into Fujian to prepare to attack Xiamen with the troops stationed in Fujian. Zheng Chenggong decided to give up the occupied cities such as Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, and tear down the city walls, so that the Qing army had nowhere to camp, in order to consolidate the defense in Jin and Xia. At the same time, the dispatch department will also lead the boat division to attack in two ways, all the way up to Zhejiang and all the way down to Guangdong. It is difficult for the Qing army to take care of both the head and the tail. In the north, Zheng Jun won Lien Chan and attacked Zhoushan. Although Zheng Jun once marched south to Jieyang, he was defeated by the Qing army reinforcements and suffered heavy casualties. In April of the following year, Du Ji mobilized various naval divisions to invade Xiamen, and was defeated by Zheng Jun in the waters around Weitou, and the Qing army was defeated.

When Nan Zheng returned to Xiamen, Zheng Chenggong was accused of defeat. Originally, they were going to be executed together with Du Hui, but at the request of people, they decided to behead them alone, and Huang and Du would try to atone. After Zheng Chenggong ordered Huang Wu to guard Haicheng, he also specially told Huang Wu to make contributions by apologizing as much as possible. But Huang Wu knew that Zheng Chenggong had always been strict in running the army, fearing that he would die if he made another mistake, so he discussed with lieutenant Su Ming and decided to surrender to the Qing Dynasty and give Haicheng County. Haicheng is a strong fortress that Zheng Chenggong has invested a lot of manpower and material resources to build for many years. Huang Wu's surrender undoubtedly dealt a heavy blow to Zheng Chenggong.

More than 0/0 years after the founding of the army, Zheng Chenggong's territory was still occupied by coastal islands such as Xiamen and Jinmen. However, Zheng Chenggong completely controlled the sea power, on the one hand, he set up a commercial stronghold in the inland, opened up sources of goods and accumulated funds for trade with foreigners; On the one hand, it is used to recruit soldiers (including Japanese, white, black and other foreign mercenaries) and import weapons such as armor, guns and swords to prepare for military strength and armaments; Hongmen is an intelligence organization developed on the basis of commercial strongholds in the mainland.

[Editor] The Battle of Nanjing on the Yangtze River

In the 12th year of Li Yong (1658/ 15th year of Shunzhi), Zheng Chenggong commanded170,000 water army to join forces with Zhang Huangyan in eastern Zhejiang and decided to launch a massive northern expedition. Before the army entered the Yangtze River, it was hit by a hurricane in Yangshan waters and suffered heavy losses, so it had to temporarily return to Xiamen.

The following year, Zheng Chenggong once again led a great army to the Northern Expedition. Together with Zhang Huangyan's army, he successfully entered the Yangtze River and conquered Zhenjiang, Guazhou and surrounding Nanjing. Zhang Huangyan department also recovered more than ten counties in Wuhu area, and Jiangdong was temporarily shaken. Later, due to Zheng Chenggong's plan to slow down the troops of the Qing army, he was unexpectedly attacked by the Qing army, which led to the defeat of Zheng Jun and the loss of soldiers, including Gan Hui, Wan Li, and so on. After Zheng Chenggong's defeat, he tried to capture Chongming County as a position to attack the Yangtze River again, but after a long time, he had to return to Xiamen. The battle of Nanjing was the most important battle in Zheng Chenggong's life, but it flourished first and then declined, and ended in great defeat, which made Zheng Chenggong's great cause of anti-Qing suffer fatal setbacks.

In the 14th year of Li Yong, in haimen port, Fujian Province (now Long Haidong), more than 40,000 navy officers led by the Qing general Dasu were completely annihilated, which greatly boosted their prestige [8].

[Editor] Capture Taiwan Province Province

Main topic: Zheng Chenggong used force against Taiwan

After the failure of the northern expedition to Nanjing, Zheng Chenggong's army was severely weakened and faced with the problem of insufficient military food. Zheng Chenggong decided to go to Taiwan Province Province to provide supplies for the army. In the 15th year of Li Yong (166 1/ 18th year of Shunzhi), Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships, set out from Luowan, Jinmen, and marched into Taiwan Province Province via Penghu. The Netherlands has two defensive fortresses in Taiwan Province Province, one is Zelandia Fort in Dayuan (now Anping Fort in Tainan City) and the other is Pumin Fort in Chilang, inland of Taijiang River. On the first day of April (166 1 April 30, 2008), Zheng Jun entered the inland sea of Taijiang via Luermen seaway, and landed at Heliao Port (near Kaiyuan Temple in the north area of Tainan City) in an attempt to acquire Provinta City (now Chie Lou in Tainan) with weak defense. Subsequently, Zheng Jun launched a naval battle with the Dutch warship in the waters of Taijiang, sank the Dutch warship hector, gained control of the inland sea of Taijiang, defeated the Dutch army at the end of the northern line, and surrounded the ordinary people with superior forces. Soon, on April 5th (166 1 May 4th), ordinary people were forced to surrender. On May 2, Zheng Chenggong changed Chilang to Tokyo Mingjing, with one government and two counties, and the government was the successor of Tianfu, Tianxing and Wannian counties.

After gaining the civilian fortress city as a stronghold, Zheng Jun immediately besieged Grand City by sea and land. Considering that the salary of 20 thousand people is not easy to pay, Zheng Chenggong does not intend to fight a protracted war. From the beginning, he put pressure on the city of Geran, trying to coerce the Dutch army to surrender. After Frederik Coillette, a senior Dutch official, rejected his request for surrender, Zheng Chenggong ordered a storming of the city of G? ran, but was met with extremely tenacious resistance from the Dutch army, and Zheng Jun suffered heavy losses. Due to the weakness of the storm and the shortage of food in the army, Zheng Chenggong was forced to change his strategy, sending most of his troops to the north and south to open up wasteland to collect money and collect food, in order to solve the urgent need of food shortage in the army, and adopted the strategy of long-term siege of Zhoulancheng.

In July of the 15th year of Li Yong (166 1/ 18th year of Shunzhi), the reinforcements sent by the Dutch East India Company from Batavia arrived in Dagong. In addition to more than 600 soldiers and 1 1 warships, reinforcements also brought a lot of materials and gunpowder to Geelan city. At that time, Zheng Chenggong's military forces were still scattered around Taiwan Province to carry out their tasks, and the number of military forces stationed in the towns of dignitaries and ordinary people was estimated to be less than 3,000, which rekindled the hope of the Dutch army to fight back. In mid-July, Dutch reinforcements moored in the open sea were hit by strong winds and forced to leave the coast of Daguan and go to Penghu for shelter from the wind and rain. Among them, the Dutch warship Hourcq unfortunately ran aground, and all the crew on board were captured by Zheng Jun. This change gave Zheng Jun a temporary opportunity to prepare for the war. When the Dutch warships returned to the official waters in August, although Zheng Jun failed to recall most of his troops, he was already ready for the battle. In mid-August, the Dutch and Zheng armies launched a fierce naval battle in the inland sea of Taijiang. Zheng Jun won a great victory, sank a Dutch warship and captured several ships. Since then, the Dutch army has lost the ability to take the initiative to attack.

Li Yong 151February, Hans Juriens Rudd, a German-born Dutch sergeant, defected. With the help of the information he provided, Zheng successfully shelled and destroyed the Utrecht bunker in Gailan City, making Gailan City a foregone conclusion. 1February 8th (1662 65438+1October 28th), a Dutch official wrote a letter to Zheng Chenggong, expressing his agreement to "peace talks". After several negotiations, the Dutch finally succumbed to Zheng Chenggong on1February 20th (1February 9th, 662) and withdrew from Taiwan Province province.

Zheng Chenggong ordered the reclamation of Taiwan Province, reaching Kamalan (Yilan) in the north and Langya (Hengchun) in the south, and then slowed down the expansion due to the resistance of the paunchy Pingpu people, Pabaola people and Langya people. Zheng Chenggong actually ruled from Erlin (now Erlin Town, Changhua County) to Qietong (Jiadong Township, Pingtung County).

166 1 when emperor Kangxi ascended the throne, General Zheng suggested to the Qing court "five strategies to suppress thieves", including a 20-year-long order to move from Shandong to the coast of Guangdong and cut off economic and trade resources; Destroy coastal ships, and the inch board is not allowed to enter the water; At the same time, Zheng Zhilong, the father of success, was killed at the migration site of Ningguta (one said that he was killed at the entrance of Jingcheng, the west entrance of Fu Xue Hutong in the Yuan Dynasty execution ground); Dig Zheng's ancestral grave; Resettlement of surrendered officers and soldiers, reclamation of wasteland. Zheng Chenggong heard the bad news one after another, and the Taiwanese soldiers were not acclimatized, and people were in panic. His son Zheng Jing had an affair with a wet nurse in Penghu, which forced Zheng Chenggong to die suddenly in May of the 16th year of Li Yong (1June 23rd, 662). Before he died, he shouted "I have no face to see the underground emperor" and scratched his face and died at the age of 39. Originally buried in Zhouzaiwei, a suburb of Tainan (now Yongkang). 1699 Relocation and burial of ancestral graves in Nan 'an.

Zheng Chenggong's son, Zheng Jing, continued to manage Taiwan Province Province, changing its east to Dongning. According to Chen Yonghua's proposal, the central official system of the Ming Dynasty was transplanted, and the dead Nanming Emperor Li Yong was still a new moon. Later, Shi Lang conquered Penghu Island, so his grandson Zheng Keshuang fell to the Qing Dynasty in 1683. In order to avoid the resistance of Taiwan Province people, Zheng's graves in Taiwan Province were all dug up by the Qing Dynasty and buried in the mainland.

1in April, 684, Taiwan Province Province was formally incorporated into the territory of the Qing Empire, and it was subordinate to Fujian Province, with a Taiwan government, which governed Taiwan County, Fengshan County and Zhuluo County. Generally speaking, Zheng regime only existed in Taiwan Province Province for more than twenty years. However, due to its special background, historians in Taiwan Province, Chinese mainland and Japan have paid attention to it and put forward various interesting views.