Soviet annexation of Tangnu Ulianghai

Although the Tangnu Ulianghai area has returned to China, its tendency to separate has not been eliminated. The main manifestation is that the former Soviet Communists have established political organizations in the area and have cooperated with Tang Nu. Banners in the Nu'ulianghai region have entered into a "separation protection treaty". In the winter of 1919, the area north of the Sayan Mountains came under the control of the Russian Soviet government. The following year, the Soviet Red Army stated that it would march into the Tangnu Ulyanghai area. In the same year, Yan Shichao, the governor of the Republic of China in the Tangnu Ulianghai region, held a meeting with representatives of the Soviet Russian regime. However, the two sides had fundamentally opposing views on the issue of sovereignty in the region, and China had very few troops stationed in the Tangnu Ulianghai region. They did not dare to argue against the Soviet Union's military pressure on the border. Russian immigrants took the opportunity to cause chaos, and the situation was very serious. At the beginning of 1921, the Soviet Red Army and White Russian forces withdrew one after another, and the situation in the Tangnu Uryanghai area was temporarily calm.

In March 1921, Enchen, who led the old Russian and White troops to capture Kulen, led an army into the Tangnu Uryanghai area, and most of the Chinese garrison and officials were killed. In the summer of the same year, the Soviet Red Army entered the Tangnu Ulyanghai area in the name of supporting the liberation struggle of the oppressed people in the east. The White Russian forces entrenched in the area suffered a devastating blow, but the history of the Tangnu Ulyanghai area began to follow the Soviet Union. Orbital development of Russian design:

On August 13, 1921, Tangnu Ulianghai declared "independence". On September 9 of the same year, Soviet Russia announced that it would not regard Tannu Tuva as its own territory. On December 12, the Tangnu Ulianghai Great Hural was opened, and the "country name" was designated as "Tangnu Tuva *** Peaceful State".

On July 22, 1925, the former Soviet Union signed a "Friendship Treaty" with the "Tanu Tuva Peace" and established "diplomatic relations". However, the former Soviet Union actually controlled the "People's Power" operation.

In August 1926, the "Tangnu Tuva Peace" and the "Mongolian People's Peace" signed a "Friendship Treaty". The two sides recognized each other's "independence" and exchanged diplomatic messages. represent.

On November 24, 1926, the "Tuva People's Republic of Tuva" was renamed "Tuva People's Republic of China" and the "Constitution" was promulgated.

From 1928 to 1929, the Tuva People's Revolutionary Party began to imitate the model of the former Soviet Union to establish grassroots organizations and armies across the country, and to purge right-wing leaders who maintained the tradition.

In 1930, the "Tuva People's Republic of China" launched an "anti-feudal revolution", suppressed opposition to the government with force, eliminated Lamaism, implemented collectivization of agriculture and animal husbandry, and promoted a Create a new script and stop using Mongolian.

On June 22, 1941, the "Tuva People's Republic" announced that it would send troops to participate in the Soviet Union's Patriotic War.

On August 17, 1944, the Extraordinary Congress of the Lesser Hural of the "Tuva People's Republic" adopted a declaration requesting the former Soviet Union to accept Tannu Ulyanghai. On October 11 of the same year , the Supreme Soviet of the former Soviet Union decided to accept its "request". On October 13, the "Tuva People's Democratic Republic" was officially renamed as the "Tuva Soviet Autonomous Socialist Republic" and was affiliated with the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. At this point, Tangnu Ulianghai officially became the territory of the former Soviet Union, but the former Soviet Union officials did not report this matter.

In 1945, the government of the Republic of China and the former Soviet Union signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance". The treaty clearly stipulated the status of Outer Mongolia, but did not mention the ownership of Tangnu Ulianghai. and. On October 11 of the same year, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the former Soviet Union listed Tannu Ulyanghai as the 299th electoral district. Through an investigation by Fu Bingchang, the ambassador of the Republic of China to the former Soviet Union, the Nationalist Government was aware of this matter but did not express its position.

On May 7, 1948, Fu Bingchang, the ambassador of the Republic of China to the former Soviet Union, sent a note to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the former Soviet Union, lodged a serious protest and declared that "Tangnu Ulianghai is a sacred territory that will always belong to China." Su Fang turned a deaf ear and never responded.

In 1992, after the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, the "Tuva Soviet Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" adopted a declaration of sovereignty, declared it to be a sovereign country, and changed its name to the "Tuva Soviet Autonomous Republic". Since the Russian Federation was not completely disintegrated, the country remained one of the subjects of the Russian Federation and was named the "Russian Federation of Tuva".