A 400-500-word travel guide to Nanjing

This is what a senior tour guide in Nanjing said. The content is profound and true. I don't know if you are useful!

About avoiding evil spirits

The name of exorcism is taken from Sanskrit transliteration, and the original word means big lion. The lion is the king of beasts and a brave beast. The name to ward off evil spirits first appeared in Hanshu. Judging from its image and naming, it is designed to ward off evil spirits. It is also a symbol of Nanjing. There are more than 30 tombs of emperors in the Southern Dynasties in Nanjing, where evil spirits can be seen. From the perspective of carving techniques, they were excellent in the Han, Qin, Sui and Tang Dynasties. They are stone carvings in the world art treasure house. As the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, Nanjing, marked by exorcism, showed the world its long historical and cultural origins and the instantaneous art of the Six Dynasties.

Architectural history of Nanjing

Nanjing is a famous ancient capital of six dynasties and a metropolis of ten dynasties. It is called the four ancient capitals of China together with Beijing, Xi and Luoyang. 2500 years ago, He Lv, the king of Wu, established Yecheng in Chaotian Palace. Yeshan is the place where Wu people used to smelt copper, iron and cast weapons. At that time, Wu was famous for casting weapons, and the image of Wu people was far from the gentle and elegant one seen by later generations. They like to use swords and are good at fighting and fighting. Therefore, Nanjing, which first entered the historian's field of vision, had no Taicheng smoke willow and Qinhuai gold powder, only swords and shadows. More than 2,400 years ago, after Gou Jian, King of Yue, destroyed Wu, he built Yuecheng in Chang Gan. Tracing back to the history of Nanjing, passing through the city is an understatement. In the history of China, there is no city that is the ancient capital of ten dynasties like Nanjing, but the longest is only a hundred years. Some historians say that the capitals of China's ancient unified empire were mostly on the 35th parallel, such as Xi 'an, Kaifeng and Luoyang. Nanjing is not on this latitude line, and the dynasties built in Nanjing are all one-sided, but they are only a hundred years old. 2,300 years ago, the king of Chu was destroyed, and the king of Yue was afraid that Nanjing would be king, so he buried the Jin people underground to suppress them. Today, Jinling is located in Liang Qing, Nanjing, hence its name. After the King of Chu, Qin Shihuang didn't like that Jinling was renamed Moling, which was used as fodder for horses. After another 400 years, Moling was renamed Jianye, meaning to make contributions. It was Sun Quan who renamed Moling. He first proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing in the 3rd century. His political opponent Zhuge Liang commented on Jianye: "There are dragons in Zhongshan, tigers in Shicheng, and the real emperor's home." The rumor that Qin Shihuang dug Qinhuai River to vent his anger spread at that time. Sun's Dongwu regime was only in Jianye 5 1 year. After the end of the 3rd century, the migration tide of China from north to south began in 100. Nanjing is located at the junction of the north and the south, and the Central Plains people who moved here are home from other places, and there are more northerners than local aborigines. In 3 17, Nanjing, the capital of Sima family, was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Historians believe that the great changes in the atmosphere in Jiangnan began in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. It used to be brave and good at fighting, but now it is weak and obedient. Northern dialect gradually became popular in Nanjing, replacing the original Wu dialect.

After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it appeared in Nanjing during the Southern Song Dynasty, Qi Liang Chen Period. In 589 AD, the end of Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties came. He hid in a dry well in Chen Houzhu, Enemy at the Gates and Sui Jun. This well was the rouge well. After the Sui Dynasty unified China, Nanjing was razed to the ground. China's prosperity after the 7th century. The historical story of Nanjing's reunification with the north as the center for nearly two or three hundred years is not over yet. /kloc-in the 0 th century, a small dynasty in the southern Tang Dynasty established Nanjing as its capital, and Emperor Li Yu of the southern Tang Dynasty became a prisoner of the Song Dynasty. In the first month of A.D. 1378, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, declared Nanjing as its capital. The name of Nanjing was decided at that time. Nanjing was built in 2 1 year, with 13 gates. One China gate can accommodate 3,000 soldiers. However, it has only 43 years of imperial fate. Judy, the son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the prince of Beijing, invaded Nanjing after Zhu Yuanzhang's death. Judy became emperor and moved to Beijing in 142 1.

Wang Langya is the most famous family in the history of China. From the Qin Shihuang period to the 6th century AD, in 800 years, the royal family produced civilian military commanders. In the more than 200 years since he moved to Nanjing, among officials with more than five grades, there is one Wang's son for every 10, and the name of Wang's family members often has the word "zhi". Even father and son do not shy away from this strange practice, which scholars say is because they believe in Taoism.

Wang Xizhi's most famous calligraphy work, Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, was taken to the grave by Emperor Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty, and there is only one in the world. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is older than his family background.

When Wang first crossed the Yangtze River, a poet predicted that Huaishui would die and Wang would die. Huaishui is Qinhuai River.

About Ma Huanghou.

Empress Ma Shi is from Suzhou, Anhui. Our ancestors were very rich. When her father's horseman became charitable, his family's wealth soon decreased. My mother died young. The jockey took his good friend Guo Zixing to take care of Ma Hou. Guo Zixing was the marshal of the Rebel Army in the late Yuan Dynasty. Seeing Zhu Yuanzhang's decisiveness, he married Ma Hou to him. Ma Hou likes books and history, and is kind and wise. Zhu Yuanzhang often praised Ma Hou, who died at the age of 5 1. When Ma Su was seriously ill, his ministers asked for prayers and a good doctor. Ma Hou said to Zhu Yuanzhang. Life and death, destiny takes a hand, what's the use of praying? If the drug is ineffective, I hope you will not punish people for concubines. After the death of Ma Hou, Zhu Yuanzhang said that he would never stand up again. Zhu Yuanzhang died in Hongwu in March1and was buried with Ma Shi and Xiaoling.

About Gong Yuan.

The beginning of modern school education in China and the 20th century.

From 1.905 to 1.300, China has been selecting talents through the imperial examination system. Modern research holds that the influence of Chinese imperial examination system on western civil service system is China's most valuable contribution to the west.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Gong Yuan was the place where China held the imperial examination system. Beijing has Shuntian Palace Garden, known as the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Nanjing has Jiangnan Palace Garden, known as the Southern Wei Dynasty. The former site of Jiangnan Gongyuan is in the area of Confucius Temple in Nanjing.

The imperial examination system in China began in the Sui Dynasty in the 7th century and ended in the 31st year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty. That is 1905. Before the Imperial Examination, the system of selecting officials in China was hereditary. Later, the election system was adopted, and local governors recommended their favorite talents to the central authorities for use in their own jurisdictions. In the Sui Dynasty, examinations were first used to select talents. In the Tang dynasty, everyone could enter the examination room and compete fairly according to their own talents. In the Song Dynasty, there were the most opportunities. Many people took exams, and more people were admitted. They could take off their clothes and put on official clothes. Of the 133 prime ministers in Song Dynasty, only 10 was not from the imperial examination.

Jiangnan once had a custom of showing off in Gong Yuan. When there are no candidates, the Hiram's Hospital will be decorated and open to civilians. Men can only watch from the outside, and women can come in and sit on the bed to sort out their nepotism and shoes and socks, hoping to have a high school champion as soon as possible.

In the past, candidates had to spend 9 days and 8 nights in a small building. Take exams during the day and sleep at night. People can't straighten their legs when they sleep in it. China people's understanding of ancient imperial examinations largely comes from the plots in China's traditional dramas.

Candidates who are qualified to take the provincial examination in Nanjing must have the status of scholar. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, examinations were graded. The first level is called the same exam, and those who pass the exam are "scholars". The scholar went to the provincial level to take the provincial examination. Those who pass the provincial examination are called "juren". Juren went to Beijing to take the examination presided over by the official department, and only after passing the examination can they take the court examination presided over by the emperor himself. Those who pass through palace examination are all "Jinshi". The first scholar is the champion. The second name is called second place. The third name is Hua Tan.

From the initial rural test to the final palace rural test, the folks called it Lianzhong Sanyuan.

Since the establishment of the scientific research system, the imperial examination has been the main way for ancient intellectuals in China to enter the officialdom. 1300 years, more than 800 people passed the imperial examination, among which100000 people entered the imperial examination, which means that1000000 people changed their fate through the imperial examination.