What is coolie trade?

One way to look at the rise of the infamous "coolie trade" is to regard it as

The contract labor system of China workers replaced the compulsory honor labor system of African slaves. the nineteenth century

There are not enough cheap Chinese workers in many places at present. The contract system began in 1980.

1845, 1874 is almost over. During this period, countless China.

People are transported to Southeast Asia, Hawaii, North America, Central America and Africa to alleviate this situation.

There is a serious shortage of labor in some areas. According to the scholar Chen Hansheng's estimation, in 18, 2.

During the tenth century, the number of indentured laborers exported from China was as high as 6 million to 6 million.

7 million people. It is also estimated that between 180 1 and 1925,

There are about 3 million indentured laborers.

China people can immigrate in the following three ways: (1.

They can pay their own freight and miscellaneous expenses; (2) It can be sponsored by the sponsor.

Freight prepaid. The promoters may be relatives or local classics of Chinese studies.

Ji people, or China immigrants who have established their own status in their place of residence; Agency priority

People pay the tickets on their behalf, and immigrants can only repay them with interest after they find jobs in the country.

This is the so-called credit bill system.

Testing system). It brought thousands of indentured laborers from Qian Qian to Australia.

Canada, Southeast Asia and the United States. (3) In the form of contract immigration.

It is also the system that sends thousands of China contract workers from Qian Qian to Cuba and Peru.

Labour in plantations in Shandong and the British West Indies devastated their bodies and minds.

Live a dark life.

The distribution center of coolies trade was first located in Xiamen, and later moved to Macao. There,

Western businessmen such as Tate Company.

Establish an agency with the assistance of local China brokers (also known as "customers").

Engaged in selling coolies (also known as "pigs"). Utilization rate of "tourist head"

Under the coercion and inducement, the underground dark forces hijacked the "little pig" on board and forced it to leave.

Drive China. The environment inside the ship is extremely bad, and it is described as "a floating hell on the sea".

In fact, not all "piggy" vendors are privately owned, and so are some government officials.

Members also participate. If British government officials collude with China authorities, the friendship ratio is.

Rape, operating "piglet" trafficking activities in Hong Kong, Shantou and Guangzhou. contract worker/labourer

After the contract expires, some return to China; But some of them stayed and turned to small businesses.

Buying and selling, making a small profit, making a living.

Although contract workers have become a thing of the past, China is still a laborer today.

Of course, the export area of immigrants is much smaller than before. Through government channels,

Groups of "migrant workers" were sent to work abroad. For example, from 1985 to 1990.

During the year, 65,438+0,042 workers from Anxi County, Fujian Province went to the United States and New Zealand.

Working in Singapore and other places. Among them, more than 100 people became Singaporeans.

Long-term residents, whose families were later brought to Singapore for reunion.