What is the wine culture?

Abstract: Wine is one of the main beverages in human life. In human civilization, wine making has a long history. There are many varieties of wine formed in different cultural backgrounds, and the wine cultures they contain are also different. Liquor, wine, and beer are the most common types of alcohol nowadays, and the cultures behind them each have their own characteristics. Here is a brief introduction to wine culture and some drinking etiquette. Liquor culture, the historical origin of liquor, there are several theories about the origin of liquor: the theory that liquor originated in the Han Dynasty is based on the Han Dynasty bronze stills related to liquor that exist in the Shanghai Museum. It is believed that liquor originated in the Han Dynasty; liquor originated in the Tang Dynasty It is said that it comes from the Tang Dynasty poem "The color of newly ripened lychees is the color of cockscombs, and the first smell of amber is the fragrance of shochu". In the early days, soju was already available.

Liquor aroma type 1. Maotai-flavor liquor

Also known as Mao-flavor type, represented by Maotai liquor, it belongs to the Daqu liquor category. It has outstanding sauce aroma, soft taste, elegant and delicate taste, mellow body, long aftertaste, clear and transparent, and slightly yellow color.

2. Luzhou-flavor liquor

Also known as Lu-flavor and Wuliangye-flavor liquors, represented by Luzhou Laojiao Tequ and Wuliangye, they belong to the Daqu liquor category. Its characteristics can be summarized in six words and five sentences: the six words are fragrant, mellow, strong, soft, sweet, and clean; the five words are rich cellar fragrance, clear and sweet, soft and mellow, harmonious fragrance, and clean tail. Yu Chang.

3. Light-flavor liquor

Also known as Fen-flavor liquor, represented by Shanxi Fenjiu, it belongs to the Daqu liquor category. It is soft in the mouth, sweet in the mouth, and has a pure aroma. The standards for the characteristics of light-flavor liquor are: pure fragrance, mellow and sweet, natural and harmonious, and refreshing aftertaste.

4. Rice-flavor liquor

Also known as honey-flavor liquor, represented by Guilin Xiangshan Brand Sanhua Liquor and Quanzhou Xiangshan Liquor, it belongs to the Xiaoqu liquor category. Generally, rice is used as raw material. Some consumers and wine experts believe that honey aroma is more accurate to express this comprehensive aroma. It can be summarized as follows: elegant honey aroma, soft entrance, sweet mouthfeel, and pleasant aftertaste. View details>>

How to drink white wine correctly How to drink white wine 1. Drink hot wine as much as possible

Whether it is white wine or rice wine, drink it after heating: first, it is aromatic and palatable; It can volatilize some aldehyde harmful substances with low boiling points and reduce harmful ingredients.

2. Don’t drink heavily

Drink slowly and pause from time to time. Do not drink carbonated drinks, such as cola, soda, etc. when drinking, so as not to speed up the body’s absorption of alcohol. .

3. Don’t drink on an empty stomach

Drinking and eating at the same time will cause the wine to stay in the stomach for a long time. Alcohol is interfered by gastric acid and absorbed slowly, making it difficult to get drunk.

4. Do not drink a variety of wines together

Because the ingredients and contents of various wines are different and mixed with each other, they will change and make people uncomfortable after drinking, even have headaches and make people drunk easily. .

5. Eat more green leafy vegetables and soy products when drinking alcohol

The antioxidants and vitamins in green leafy vegetables can protect the liver; the lecithin in soy products also protects the liver.

7. Drink more boiled water

When drinking liquor, drink more boiled water to help the alcohol be excreted from the body with urine as soon as possible.

Ten principles of correct drinking 1. Drink in a pleasant atmosphere.

2. Drink at your own pace, and don’t try to persuade others to drink. Don’t cater to other people’s pace. Drink at your own pace.

3. Be sure to drink while eating. Do not drink in vain. Be sure to pair it with high-nutritional snacks, such as cheese, tofu, fish and other high-quality protein foods, as well as vegetables and seaweed. The class is also highly recommended.

4. Do not drink high-alcohol liquor directly.

5. Don’t smoke when drinking. Smoking and alcohol are more harmful when they come together. The blood vessels dilated by alcohol and constricted by smoking will put a burden on the heart, and the tar dissolved in alcohol will be adsorbed on the mucosa of the digestive organs. The principle of "drinking without smoking, smoking without drinking" should be followed.

6. Do not drink it with medicine. When some analgesics and other powerful drugs are drunk together with alcohol, they can damage the gastric mucosa and cause gastric ulcers. Drinking alcohol and diabetes medicine together can cause hypoglycemia. Therefore, no matter what kind of medicine, do not drink it with alcohol.

7. Don’t drink until late at night.

It takes about 6 hours for alcohol to be completely decomposed in the liver, so even if you drink a small amount, do not drink after 12 o'clock in the middle of the night, otherwise it will hinder your work and life the next day.

8. Don’t drink alcohol every day. In order to protect liver function, you should develop the habit of not drinking alcohol for at least two days a week. If you drink it every day for a long time, you are at great risk of developing alcoholic fatty liver disease.

9. Do not drink more than twice a day. Drinking beer during the day and liquor at night will give the liver no time to rest.

10. Receive liver function tests regularly. People who like wine often drink too much while drinking. In order to enjoy fine wine with peace of mind, you must undergo regular liver function tests, choose a drinking method that suits you, and manage yourself well. View details>>

Basic drinking etiquette for pouring wine 1. Out of politeness, you should walk to the other person and pour it instead of holding his glass opposite you.

2. The younger generation pours wine for the elders. Generally, if you are eating at the same table, you should pour the wine for the elder first. The person on your left should use your right hand to pour the wine, and vice versa, use your left hand.

3. Pour wine for friends. Pour the wine from left to right, with the person on the left using your right hand and the person on the right using your left hand.

4. It is best not to take the other person’s cup. For hygiene reasons, elders can also pick up the other person’s cup and pour wine. They should handle it with care.

5. Don’t pour the wine too full. Red wine is generally 1/3 of the cup, and white wine is 70-80% full.

6. When lifting the mouth of the wine bottle, rotate the bottle at an angle so that the wine drops on the mouth of the bottle flow naturally along the mouth of the bottle.

Toast 1. Toast steps: The host toasts the guest of honor, the guests toast the guest of honor, the guest of honor toasts in return, and the guests toast each other.

2. Toast action: stand up, hold the cup with your right hand, and place the bottom of the cup with your left hand. Your cup should always be lower than others.

3. It is best to have a toast when toasting and never drink less than the other party.

4. Many people can respect one person, but one person cannot respect many people, unless they are leaders or elders.

5. Add more wine to the leader or customer, but do not blindly replace the leader with wine, unless the leader or customer clearly expresses that he wants to find someone else to replace him.

6. If no special person is present, it is best to drink in clockwise order, and do not favor one over another.

7. Toasting skills: If there is not enough wine, put the wine bottle in the middle of the table and help yourself to more.

Refuse to drink 1. Explain the situation

If you are unable to drink, you should take the initiative to ask for some non-alcoholic drinks and explain the reasons why you do not drink.

2. Wine-rejection skills

Ask the other person to pour some wine into his own cup, and then gently push the bottle open with his hand. According to etiquette, you don’t have to drink the wine in the cup.

3. Decline method

When the toaster pours wine into his own glass, he gently taps the edge of the glass with his hand. This means "I don't drink. Thank you. ”

4. Taboos about refusing to drink

Don’t hide around, don’t turn over the wine glass, or quietly pour the wine offered by others on the ground. This is actually inappropriate. Polite behavior. View details>>

Liquorware Culture 1. How Many Liangs of Liquor Cups

Liquor glasses come in various sizes and shapes. Large cups can hold two or three taels of wine. This size is suitable for those who are addicted to alcohol. There are also some white wine glasses that cost a few dollars, which look a lot more elegant.

2. White wine cup capacity

The capacity of white wine cups is as follows: Korean white wine cups have a capacity of about 32 ml, thickened glass wine cups have a capacity of less than 50 ml, and glass white wine cups have a capacity of less than 50 ml. The cup capacity is between 100ml and 200ml, which are the capacities of white wine glasses.

3. What size of white wine glass should you buy?

Generally speaking, whether it is a cup for home use or a cup suitable for hotels, you will choose a white wine glass of about 2 taels in size.

4. White wine cup material

Which material is better for white wine cups depends on personal consumption level. The more common ceramic white wine cups are affordable, while jade wine cups are relatively expensive. However, the jade wine cup’s appearance and collection value are also quite high! View details>>

Red wine culture Wine history Origins There are different records in ancient books about the origin of wine. It was born about 10,000 years ago, so far away that history cannot record it.

Wine is the product of natural fermentation. The earliest wine was produced shortly after the ripe grape berries fell to the ground, the peels cracked, and the exuded juice came into contact with yeast in the air. Our distant ancestors tasted this natural product and thus imitated the natural biological instinct of the brewing process. Therefore, from a modern scientific point of view, the origin of wine went through a process of transition from natural wine to artificial wine. View details>>

Red wine tasting culture How to drink red wine 1. Hold the wine

Minimize the contact between your hands and the wine bottle, and use your thumb to hold the bottom of the bottle when holding the wine , press the bottle body lightly with the fingertips of four fingers to balance it, so that the palm with the highest temperature can be kept away from the bottle.

2. Tasting

Drinking red wine starts with your eyes, because the appearance of red wine is an important indicator of its health, quality characteristics and degree of storage.

3. Pour the wine

Til the wine glass 45 degrees to observe. At this time, there is a layer of water at the junction between the wine and the glass wall. The wider it is, the greater the alcohol content of the wine. The higher the degree.

4. Shake

Hold the bottom of the wine glass and keep shaking the red wine in the glass so that the wine hangs on the wall of the glass. Shaking will release the esters, ethers and acetaldehyde in the wine, allowing oxygen to fully integrate with the red wine, maximizing the release of the unique aroma of the red wine.

5. Smell the aroma

After rotating and shaking the wine glass, quickly smell the smell released from the wine. This is the "second smell" of the wine, also called the "after aroma".

6. Taste

Do not eat sweet food before tasting red wine, otherwise it will feel sour, bitter, and astringent. Let the wine cover the sides of your mouth, the sides of your tongue, the back of your tongue, the tip of your tongue, and extend to the bottom of your throat.

What are the tips for drinking red wine? 1. Do not add carbonated drinks such as Sprite and ice cubes to red wine.

2. Generally, red wine does not need to be chilled. Generally, red wine can be drunk at normal temperature.

3. Use a goblet for drinking red wine.

4. Pour in red wine, which is very different from other wines. The red wine glass is relatively large, and when pouring, you usually pour about one-third of it.

5. After inverting the red wine glass, do not drink it immediately. Gently shake the red wine glass to let the wine inside rotate around the glass. The purpose is to allow the red wine to oxidize more fully.

6. When drinking red wine, you should take a small sip and hold it in your mouth. Let the red wine come into contact with your tongue and mouth, so that the taste buds on your tongue can fully experience the taste of the red wine, and then swallow it in a small sip. View details>>

Red wine and wineware culture 1. Red wine three-piece set

Decanter, temperature regulator, and a set of wine glasses.

2. Red wine four-piece set

Red wine bottle opener, red wine pourer, red wine ring, and red wine stopper.

3. Five-piece red wine set

Wine knife, wine stopper, wine thermometer, anti-drip ring, and wine pourer.

4. Red wine six-piece set

Corkscrew, wine ring, decanter, wine glass, ice bucket, wine pourer. View details>>

Winemaking process White winemaking process 1. Harvesting: White grapes are more susceptible to oxidation. During harvesting, the fruit must be kept intact to prevent oxidation of the grapes from affecting the quality.

2. Breaking the skins: Before extracting juice from white grapes, the skins are sometimes broken to squeeze out the pulp, and sometimes the stems are removed first. Red grapes are always juiced directly.

3. Juicing: The tannins and oils in the skins, stems and seeds of the grapes will affect the quality of the liquor. Juicing must be done gently, and the grape stems provide gaps to facilitate the juicing.

4. Clarification: Grape juice needs to undergo sedimentation before fermentation begins, which takes about a day.

5. Oak barrel fermentation: The fermentation of many liquors is carried out in oak barrels. The capacity is small, heat dissipation is fast, and the temperature control effect is very good.

The aging process of oak barrels during the fermentation process Woody, vanilla and other aromas will dissolve into the wine to make the wine richer. Light white wine is not suitable for this method.

6. Wine tank fermentation: Generally, the fermentation of white wine is mainly carried out in stainless steel barrels. In order to proceed slowly to retain the original aroma and delicate taste of the grapes, the temperature must be controlled between 18°C ??and 20°C.

7. Oak barrel culture: After fermentation, the dead yeast will settle at the bottom of the barrel. Stir regularly to mix the dead yeast with the wine, which can make the wine more mellow. A small amount of air will penetrate into the barrel wall. The liquor cultured in the barrel will be more golden in color and the aroma will be more mature.

8. Wine tank culture: After the white wine is fermented, it needs to undergo lactic acid fermentation and other procedures to make the wine more stable. Since liquor is relatively fragile, the cultivation process must be carried out in a sealed wine tank. After lactic acid fermentation, the sourness of the liquor will be weakened.

9. Clarification: Before bottling, impurities such as dead yeast and grape debris must be removed. Wine can be clarified by barrel changing, filtration, etc.

10. Bottling. Red wine and sparkling wine brewing process>>

Beer Culture Chinese Beer Culture Festival 1. Harbin Beer Festival

Harbin is the place where China’s first barrel of beer is produced, and the Harbin Beer Festival It is held in early July every year. In the summer of 1988, the Harbin Beer Festival came out at the same time as the first International Beer Expo. As a cultural carrier, beer has become a cultural link for people's social interactions, information communication, and commodity circulation in Harbin.

2. Qingdao International Beer Festival

The Qingdao International Beer Festival was founded in 1991. It opens on the second weekend of August every year and lasts for 16 days. Today, the Qingdao International Beer Festival has become a bright business card of Qingdao, a beautiful coastal city, and has considerable popularity and influence at home and abroad.

3. Dalian International Beer Festival

The Dalian International Beer Festival in China has been held since 1999 and is held from late July to early August every year. The first three sessions were held at the Beijing Olympic Sports Center, and later moved to Dalian Xinghai Square. It is an industry event gathering well-known beer brands at home and abroad. It is the largest national beer festival in China with the most participating wine companies and the most comprehensive beer brands.

World Beer Culture Festival 1. Oktoberfest, Germany

Oktoberfest, also known as "Octoberfest", is held in Munich. It is the largest Oktoberfest in the world, the originator of all beer festivals, and the biggest event of the year in Munich. It is held in Munich, Germany from the end of September to the beginning of October every year and lasts for 2 weeks until the first Sunday in October. This year's Oktoberfest is the 184th.

2. London Beer Festival, UK

The London Beer Festival in the UK is held from August 1st to 5th every year. It started in 1978. The United Kingdom is another big beer country besides Germany, and west London is the center of British beer, so it is now known as "the largest pub in the world." By then, you will be able to taste a wide variety of beers with different flavors. People from all over the world meet friends over wine and have a good time. You can also enjoy performances by bands in traditional costumes, adding a lively atmosphere to the Oktoberfest.

3. Denver Oktoberfest, USA

As a multi-ethnic country, the German immigrants who came to the United States also brought the tradition of Oktoberfest to the Americas. The Denver Beer Festival is a grand festival in the United States in October. There are many kinds of beer competitions at the festival, and as many as 84 different beers will compete, including the best protein drinks and coffee beers.

Beer City 1. Qingdao, China

Qingdao is known as the beer city in the world. Qingdao is a seaside city with green trees, red tiles and blue sky. It also has the most beautiful seaside scenery in China. It is a national historical city and scenic tourist attraction. Moreover, the nationally famous Tsingtao Beer is produced here and a beer culture has been formed, so it is also known as the World Beer City.

2. Munich, Germany

Germany is a country rich in beer. The beer it produces is of high quality, rich taste and diverse varieties, and enjoys a high reputation in the world. Munich, the capital of Bavaria, Germany, is even more famous for its beer. In Munich, the average person drinks more than 200 liters of beer every year, ranking first in the world in terms of drinking volume. Munich is also known as the "Beer Capital".

Wine Culture Museum

1. Guizhou Wine Culture Museum

There are a total of 8 exhibition halls here, displaying thousands of exhibits. , showing the liquor production and brewing process from all aspects, and various wine vessels are also displayed.

2. Wuliangye Wine Culture Museum

The museum covers an area of ??2060 square meters and mainly collects, studies and displays the treasures of Chinese wine culture - Wuliangye wine culture and wine history culture. Task. Through 5,000 cultural relics, documents, models, pictures, sculptures, paintings, and objects, the Wine Museum shows people the historical picture of Chinese wine culture for five thousand years. It is a condensed history of Chinese winemaking.

3. Fenjiu Museum

The Fenjiu Museum is a large wine culture museum that displays the 6,000-year history of winemaking in Xinghua Village. It has collected more than 1,000 pieces of Chinese wine vessels from past dynasties, more than 3,000 calligraphy and painting works by famous artists, and more than 5,000 famous wine poems. It is known as "the first museum of Chinese liquor culture" and "a miniature landscape of Chinese liquor culture." Archaeological relics and historical and cultural materials from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Republic of China and after liberation.

4. Red Star Erguotou Museum

The museum is divided into two parts: the Red Star Culture Exhibition Area and the Red Star Erguotou Craftsmanship Exhibition Area. It contains the origin and history of liquor, Beijing liquor culture, and national non-governmental organizations. There are six sections: material cultural heritage, drinking and health, physical appreciation, and modern liquor technology innovation. View details>>