How many major earthquakes have occurred in history? Pray for the great gods.

The Qishan earthquake in Shaanxi Province occurred in Zhou Youwang in the second year (780 BC). This is the earliest major earthquake recorded in the history books of China. During the earthquake, there were three Sichuan earthquakes in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the year of Sanjiang, Qishan collapsed (Mandarin Zhou Yu). Sanchuan is the Jinghe River, Weihe River and Luohe River in Shaanxi Province. The estimated magnitude can reach more than 7. The earthquake in Beijun occurred in Chen Bing in September of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 165438+ 101). According to historical records, the earthquake affected "more than 30 bad battlements from Jingshi to Beijun, with 415 deaths" (History of Five Elements). The capital is now Xi City, Shaanxi Province. The northern counties in Han Dynasty should include Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei and other provinces. There is a record in the history books that "water comes out and the earth shakes", which may be the earliest record of abnormal changes of groundwater before the earthquake in China. The Jincheng and Longxi earthquakes in Gansu occurred in February of the 3rd year of Yonghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty (1February 28th, 38). According to preliminary research, this earthquake is the first destructive earthquake recorded by a seismograph (Zhang Heng's waiting seismograph) in human history. At that time, the seismograph was placed in Luoyang, about 700 kilometers away from the epicenter. Jincheng County in the Eastern Han Dynasty includes today's Lanzhou City. The order of magnitude estimation is an order of magnitude. During the earthquake, "the bank of the second county collapsed and the ground sank" (The History of Shun Di in the Later Han Dynasty), "The earthquake cracked and the battlements were broken, crushing people" (The History of Five Elements in the Later Han Dynasty). The earthquakes in Hong Tong and Zhao Cheng occurred on August 6th, the 7th year of Yuan Dade (1September 30317). This is the first time in China's history that a major earthquake has been described in detail. The earthquake "caused hundreds of thousands of bad officials and people to leave their homes" (Five Elements of Yuan History), "Village castles moved, the land split into canals, and the people were crushed to death" (Cheng Zongzhi of Yuan History). The damaged area extends more than 400 kilometers along Fenhe graben. The amplitude is about 8 or more. The earthquake in hua county, Shaanxi Province occurred on December 12th in the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1556 65438+1October 23rd). This is the deadliest earthquake in China's history. "It's strange that officers and men killed 830,000 people" (Five Elements of Ming History). Before the earthquake, there was no moderate or small earthquake activity in this area for a long time. However, about 8 hours before the earthquake, there were records in the epicenter, such as "The earth is turning, and I feel dizzy") and "Qin Long Huazhou Annals". This earthquake recorded the phenomenon of "ground fire" (ground light) during the earthquake for the first time. After the earthquake, the victims once considered using wooden boards as building walls for earthquake resistance. The long axis of this seismic belt is consistent with the direction of Weihe graben. The Qiongshan earthquake in Guangdong Province, with an estimated magnitude of around 8, occurred on May 28th, thirty-three years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1605 July 13). Kangxi's "Qiongshan County Records" records: "The earthquake at sea. Since the northeast, there have been thunderous noises, houses of government offices have collapsed, and thousands of people have been killed or injured in the city. The estimated magnitude is above 7.5, which is the largest earthquake in the history of Hainan Island. The mine was deformed and collapsed before the earthquake. "It's noon now. There is a strange wind blowing in the silver mine. It sounds like thunder. After the vibration, the pit embankment collapsed and hundreds of miners were crushed. The earthquake happened outside my husband's house in the middle of the night, but it started at noon in the mine. The so-called root injury causes branches and leaves to move. " The Juxian and Tancheng earthquakes occurred in June 17 (1July 25, 668). This earthquake is one of the largest in China's history, with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 (Figure 2). According to Kangxi's "Records of Tancheng County", "During the earthquake, the sound came from the northwest. Buildings and trees once tilted forward and backward. From the top to the ground two or three times, they trembled and fell down. The towers, official houses and village temples all seemed to collapse. " The extension direction of the seismic belt is consistent with that of the Tan-Lu fault. The farthest sensing area is 1000 km from the epicenter. According to the records of Haizhou Kangxi, the sea water changed obviously during the earthquake. Before and after this earthquake, there was no record of other destructive earthquakes in the vicinity of the epicenter. The Sanhe and Pinggu earthquakes in Hebei Province occurred on July 28th, 18th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1September 2nd, 679). This is the largest earthquake in history near Beijing, with an estimated magnitude of 8. The epicenter was split ⅶ degrees, and the damaged area was 500 kilometers long. The Forbidden City in Beijing was severely damaged. After the earthquake, Shu Ren, the county magistrate of Sanhe County, wrote: "On July 28th, I retired from the West House and took a nap. If someone wakes up from a dream. Looking at the door, there was no one in the room. Suddenly like a cannon, suddenly like a cannon, followed by thousands of stone cannons, and four distant cannons, dozens of hyenas rustled up, ... The next day, people reported that the county boundary was lower than the old one, so they went to investigate. Westbound for more than 30 miles and Liuhetun, the ground vein was interrupted and fell two feet. Gradually northwest to east five miles, the southeast boundary fell five feet. As for Pangezhuang in the north, it is just south of the border. " (Sanhe County Records of Gan Long). Obviously, large-scale ground deformation occurred during the earthquake. The Linfen earthquake in Shanxi Province occurred on April 6th, the thirty-fourth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1May 69518). The magnitude of this earthquake is estimated at 8. The epicenter intensity is strong, and the damage area is as long as 500 kilometers. An earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred again near the epicenter of the earthquake of magnitude 8, which is the only one in the history of China. The previous M8 earthquakes were 1303 earthquakes in Hong Tong and Zhao Cheng. The Dongchuan earthquake in Yunnan occurred on June 23rd, 11th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1August 2nd, 733). The magnitude of this earthquake is estimated to be 7.5, which is the most detailed earthquake in the history of China earthquake. "Since Buff's slope cracked, there has been a ridge from south to north, four or five feet wide, with a field seedling trapped inside and a narrow one, which is long. If you measure with a long pole, you will never know how shallow it is, and it will stretch for hundreds of miles until Xundian Liu Shu ... ". The Pingluo and Yinchuan earthquakes in Ningxia occurred on 1 1 24th of the month (1739 65438+13rd of the month). The epicenter intensity is strong, and the radius of damage range is 380 kilometers. The magnitude is estimated at 8. The long axis of the seismic belt is consistent with the direction of Yinchuan graben. The Songming earthquake in Yunnan occurred on July 23rd in the 13th year of Qing Daoguang (1September 6th, 833). The magnitude of this earthquake is estimated to be 8, the epicenter intensity is VII degrees, and the radius of damage range is 260 kilometers. This is by far the largest earthquake known in Yunnan province. The offshore earthquake in Keelung, Taiwan Province Province occurred on 1 1 23rd (1867 65438+February18th). This is the largest earthquake that triggered a tsunami in the history of China earthquake. The magnitude is estimated at 6. "The coastal mountains cracked, the sea surged, houses collapsed and hundreds of people drowned." The Haiyuan earthquake in Ningxia occurred at 1920 12 16. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.5, and the epicenter intensity was as far away as Shanghai, Beijing, Shantou and Hong Kong. Even the pendulum clock of coastal defense in Vietnam stopped. The seismograph in Tokyo, Japan, with a magnification of only 12 times, also recorded the surface waves around the earth. This is the largest felt earthquake in the history of China. During the earthquake, more than 200 kilometers of fault zone appeared in the center of the earthquake, and the strike was northwest-northwest, mainly left-lateral translation dislocation and vertical dislocation. The Fuyun earthquake in Xinjiang occurred in August 193 1+0 1. The magnitude of the earthquake is 8, and the epicenter intensity is VII. A 170 km long fault zone was formed in the epicenter, with a maximum amplitude of 20 meters. This is the largest earthquake known in China. The Miaoli earthquake in Taiwan occurred on April 2 1 935. The magnitude of this earthquake is 7. 1, which is the most destructive earthquake in Taiwan Province province. The earthquake caused a fault about 37 kilometers long on the ground. It is characterized by vertical dislocations in the section of 15 km and horizontal dislocations in the other section of 12 km. The Medog earthquake in Tibet occurred in August 1950. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.6, and it affected a large area. The building collapsed badly. When a cliff collapses, nine of the ten peaks will collapse. Roads were destroyed, traffic was cut off, terrain changed and rivers changed. The Heyuan earthquake in Guangdong occurred in March 1962. The earthquake magnitude is 6. 1, which is the first reservoir-induced earthquake in China. The Xingtai earthquake in Hebei province occurred in March 1966. Seismic activity belongs to earthquake swarm type. On March 8, an earthquake of magnitude 6.8 occurred in Malan Village, Longyao County. On March 22nd, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred again in Dongwang Town, Ningjin County. On March 26th, an earthquake of magnitude 6.2 occurred again in Baichikou area of Ningjin County. The epicentres of the three major earthquakes were not far apart and moved to the northeast in turn. This earthquake activity kicked off the climax of the earthquake in North China in the 20th century. After Xingtai earthquake, earthquake science research in China entered the stage of earthquake prediction. The Haicheng earthquake in Liaoning Province occurred on1February 4, 975. The magnitude of the earthquake is 7.3, and the epicenter intensity is strong. The long axis of the seismic belt is northwest. This is the first time that China has successfully predicted a major earthquake of magnitude 7 or above, and preventive measures were taken before the earthquake, which greatly reduced the casualties of residents. The Tangshan earthquake in Hebei province occurred at13: 42 on July 28th, 976. The magnitude of the earthquake is 7.8, and the epicenter intensity is VII. On that day 18: 43, an earthquake of magnitude 7. 1 occurred in Luanxian County, more than 40 kilometers away from Tangshan, with the epicenter intensity of VII (Figure 3). The Tangshan earthquake occurred in a densely populated and economically developed industrial city, and the losses were extremely heavy. The earthquake killed more than 240,000 people and injured more than 654.38+600,000 people. Tianjin, a big city adjacent to Tangshan area, has also been damaged by Ⅶ to Ⅶ degrees. Wide range of feelings, covering Liaoning, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Inner Mongolia and other 14 provinces, cities and autonomous regions. The radius of damage range is about 250 kilometers. The Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan occurred at 12, and in May 2008 14: 28: 04. Wenchuan and Beichuan in Sichuan were suddenly attacked by a strong earthquake of magnitude 8. The earth shakes, the mountains and rivers change and are devastated. Where will you go ... in the southwest of China. This is the most destructive and widespread earthquake since the founding of New China. The earthquake affected about 500,000 square kilometers in China! In order to express the deep condolences of the people of all ethnic groups in China to the victims of the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, the State Council decided to hold May 19 to 2 1 2008 as a national mourning day. Since 2009, May 12 has been the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day. 20 10 occurred in Yushu county, Yushu Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Qinghai province on April 4. The earthquake in Yushu County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province was a strong foreshock, main shock and aftershock shallow earthquakes. The earthquake mainly occurred in Jiegu Town, where Yushu Prefecture is located, and 90% of the houses of local residents have collapsed. It is reported that most local people have not yet got up, and the casualties are more serious. As of 9: 00 am on April 5, the earthquake in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province has caused 6 17 deaths, more than 300 missing and 9 100 injured. Time of the first earthquake: 20 10 April 14 05: 39: 57 Magnitude: Ms 4.7 Latitude: 33. 1 Longitude: 96.7 Depth: 6 km Epicenter: Time of the second earthquake in Yushu County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province: 20 10. Magnitude: Ms 7. 1 latitude: 33. 1 longitude: 96.7 depth: 33 km epicenter: Yushu county, Yushu Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Qinghai province time of the third earthquake: 201April14th 09: 25:1.

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