I want to ask how many years have we Chinese people passed down?

Definition and interpretation of the Chinese nation

Why is the Han nationality called "Xia"

Since about 5000 BC, the Huaxia nationality, with the Han nationality as the main body, originated in the Yellow River basin and the Central Plains region in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and began to develop gradually. It entered the Neolithic Age and experienced the stages of matriarchal clan commune and paternal clan commune. In 2700 BC, there was a tribe named Ji in central Shaanxi, whose leader was Huangdi, and there was a tribe named Jiang in the south, whose leader was Jiang. The two sides often clashed. The battle of Hanquan finally broke out between the two tribes in the Central Plains, and the Yellow Emperor defeated Emperor Yan. After that, the two tribes formed an alliance and captured the surrounding tribes, and the predecessor of Huaxia Kingdom was born.

According to the legend recorded in the pre-Qin literature, the ancestors of the Han nationality lived in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The ancestors of the Han nationality generally lived in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, starting from Longshan in the west and Taishan in the east. Yangshao culture and Longshan culture are two Neolithic cultures mainly distributed in this area, which are generally considered as the cultural remains of Han ancestors.

Ancient legends also describe that Han ancestors experienced a long era of primitive commune system. Before the Yellow Emperor, there was a matriarchal clan tribe that "Anemarrhena denied his father" (see matriarchal clan system); The legend about the Yellow Emperor marks the change from matriarchal clan tribe to paternal clan tribe (see paternal clan system) and enters the stage of tribal alliance. After the Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun and Yu, who successively served as leaders of the big tribal alliance in the form of abdication, were regarded as descendants of the Yellow Emperor.

In 2 1 century BC, the primitive commune system in the Central Plains came to the end of history, and a class society appeared on the land in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Huaxia nationality, headed by the Yellow River, and the Xia nationality, headed by the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, launched a battle between Han and Quan. The small clan in Yan Di was classified as the Yellow Emperor, who became the ancestor of humanism and Taoism, and the Yanhuang clan became the Chinese nation. Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties are also a unified system, and the official has standard written language and Mandarin. Qin Shihuang unified China and established the State of Qin, and China entered the centralized system and imperial mode. Subsequently, the Han Dynasty was established and ruled China for more than 400 years. During this period, the territory of China expanded unprecedentedly. At this time, the distribution of Han population is still concentrated in the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins. Since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Han population has gradually migrated to the Yangtze River, Pearl River and southeastern China. From the Western Jin Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, the Han population entered Central Asia and Yunnan. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Han population in the south had surpassed that in the north. After the Manchu dynasty, the Han nationality was forbidden to enter the northeast. In the late Qing Dynasty, in order to enrich the frontier, the Han nationality was allowed to enter the Northeast. During Zhang's rule in Northeast China, a large number of Han people from the north were introduced. From the Ming Dynasty, the Han nationality began to immigrate to Southeast Asia sporadically, and from the19th century, the Han nationality immigrated to Europe, North America and other places.

Huaxia nationality is the predecessor of Han nationality. The history of the Chinese nation began with Emperor Yanhuang, followed by Zhuan Xu, Yao, Shun, Xia, Shang and Zhou. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, "Hua", "Xia" and "Huaxia" were officially seen in historical records as national names.

According to Zuo Qiuming, Sima Qian and other ancient historians, the five emperors have the same root and three generations have the same origin. However, as a nation, it is always in the process of movement, development and change. Many clans and tribes living in the Central Plains have had long-term contacts such as marriage, war, alliance and trade, which is a process of infiltration and integration. They gradually agreed in all aspects of life, and finally formed such a * * * name Huaxia country. In the process of the formation of the Chinese nation, the blood identity of * * * is the first, that is, they are all descendants of China. Heluo, as the hometown of Emperor Yanhuang, is also the birthplace of the Chinese nation.

What is "Hua"? Shuo Wen Jie Zi says, "Hua," Some people also talked about the origin of place names. Actually, it has a deeper meaning. The ancients explained that "Zhang Yuehua was adopted for coronation", which was different from that of Yi Emperor wearing a left robe, because the ancestors of Heluo had been wearing a crown and a wide coat since Emperor Yanhuang. This kind of clothing is actually totem worship. The word "Hua" and "Hua" has existed since ancient times. The Emperor Yanhuang took Qiao as his mother, and Qiao, who lived in Pingfeng Mountain in the northwest of Luoyang, took bees as his totem. Bees gather flowers to make honey, which naturally extends from the worship of bees to the worship of flowers. Chinese descendants call themselves Hua (China), which should also come from this.

What does "summer" mean? "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" said: "Summer, China people are also." "China" here refers to the ancient Heluo area. At a deeper level, "summer" should actually originate from pheasants. This kind of pheasant was called "Xiazhai" in ancient times. There is a saying in Shangshu Gong Yu that "I am afraid to go to the village". In Justice in Ying Da, Confucius said, "When birds are released, they say,' Zhai, a pheasant'. This statement is Xia Zhai, so Xia Hezhai is a pheasant name. " The ancient people used pheasant feathers as dancing tools, which was called "Summer Dance". Li Zhou has an official position called Dyer, whose duty is to dye silk and silks, which is called "Dyeing Summer". The reason is that the dyed silk is brightly colored and looks like a pheasant. The ancients thought that Heluo area was a gathering place for pheasants, and "Er Ya Shi Bird" said: "Elo is the south, and all the qualities are prepared." Yi is a pheasant with bright feathers.

Pheasant is called Xia, also called thrush (). Guo Pu put forward this view in the annotation of Shan Hai Jing ·Xi· Shan Jing. All these indicate that the names of Luohe and Luoyi are closely related to pheasants (summer). Later, it should be reasonable for the Xia Dynasty, whose capital was Yanshi Erlitou, to be named "Xia".

Huaxia people are famous for their worship of flowers and pheasants, which are known as "a hundred flowers blossom".

Confucius in the Tang Dynasty said, "China calls it summer with courtesy and righteousness; It has the beauty of service and seal, so it is called China. China, Xia Yi also. " In the process of its formation, the Huaxia nationality has continuously infiltrated and merged with the Yi, Manchu, Rong and Di nationalities, and jointly created the early history of China. By 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang had unified China, and a centralized country with a vast territory, a large population and unprecedented unification appeared. Later, Huaxia people were also called Qin people, Han people and even Tang people. Later, the term "Chinese nation" covered all (56) ethnic groups in China.

Edit this paragraph of the history of the formation of the Chinese nation

From about 5000 BC, the Huaxia nationality, the main body of the Han nationality, originated in the Yellow River valley and began to develop gradually. It entered the Neolithic Age and went through the stages of matriarchal clan commune and paternal clan commune. In 2700 BC, there was a Xia tribe named Ji in central Shaanxi, with the Yellow Emperor as the leader and another tribe in the south.

A tribe called Jiang Hua, headed by Emperor Yan, often had friction between the two sides. The dispute between the two tribes finally broke out, and the Yellow Emperor defeated the Yan Emperor. After that, the two tribes formed an alliance and captured the surrounding tribes, and the Huaxia nationality came into being. Teacher Song talked about Taoism and nature, and Teacher She Yuan mentioned that it was the first classic, a product before the fire civilization! That is to say, a part of Chinese civilization itself is a civilization created by natural laws, and then with the birth of fire civilization, the people of China created Chinese civilization, and these two parts are the real creators of Chinese civilization, namely nature and Chinese ancestors! This is why Chinese civilization has emphasized the unity of heaven and man and the nature of Taoism since its birth! This concept has enabled the Chinese people to quickly become strong, adapt to the environment, and become a firm leader and developer of this civilization, profoundly affecting the development model of mankind! Some people think that Chinese civilization is the fusion of regional cultures, which is only caused by the fusion theory of some scholars now. The source of civilization in these areas is still the same. As we can see, the jades in each new era are round, Liangzhu can be traced back to 6,500 years ago, and the history of the river map can be traced back to 25,000 years ago. Multi-source view can be ignored and multi-branch view is acceptable! In prehistoric regional culture, there is no concept of Yi people, and there is no materialized display of the outer circle of ritual vessels, so we should carefully identify its ethnic groups!