What happened to the uprising in Taiwan Province Province?

In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), after the Qing court recovered Taiwan Province Province, Taiwan Province Province was set as the government of Fujian Province. There are four counties in Taiwan Province. Residents from Fujian and Guangdong coastal areas sneaked into Taiwan Province Province to reclaim land, which promoted the economic development of Taiwan Province Province. However, with the increase of reclamation, the conflicts and struggles in land possession between immigrants from different regions have become more and more serious, and the contradiction between immigrants and officials sent by the Qing court to Taiwan Province Province has become increasingly acute. In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi (1696), Wu Qiu rebelled against the water, and in the forty years of Kangxi (170 1), Liu changed his mind, and the economic development and social unrest in Taiwan Province Province occurred simultaneously.

The change of Zhu yigui.

Zhu Yigui is from Changtai County, Zhangzhou District, Fujian Province. In the fifty-second year of Emperor Kangxi (17 13), he went to Taiwan Province Province to "charge Tai for the next job, find skins and quilts, live in the grassland on the mother's top, and feed ducks for a living". "Those who have the Yellow Temple live in Luohan Gate, be kind to Zhu Yigui" and "keep close contact". "Xin Chou Chun (the 60th year of Kangxi was the year of Xin Chou Chun), and there was a vacancy in Fengshan County", and the magistrate Wang Zhen was the second son of the government. Wang and his son, the grain tax was harsh, dozens of people were arrested and treated with the wind, and more than 100 people were forbidden to cut down bamboo and wood in the mountains. "In March of that year," Li Yong, Wu Wei, Zheng, etc. In the same position, I saw a noble man and said,' Now the local officials all know that they are addicted to Boer. The soldiers and civilians are disintegrating and want to do great things. "Is this the time?" said an expensive man, of course. My surname is Zhu. If I shrug my shoulders and go to the countryside with the descendants of the Ming Dynasty, I will return to China. "On April 19th, Li Yong and other 52 people in Luohan Gate" formed an alliance with one expensive table, and hundreds of people from all sides "and" went out of Gangshan at night to attack the pond flood ". Du Junmei and others "recruited farmers from eastern Guangdong in the fresh water betel nut forest" responded to Zhu Yigui and "plundered the treasures of Taiwan Province Province". Caotan, Xiaaitou, Xiaoqiu and other places began to make trouble.

On May 23, the insurgents defeated the Qing army who came to suppress in Chishan, and Zhou Yinglong, a guerrilla of the Qing army, fled in panic. Ou Yangkai, the general company commander of the Qing Dynasty, led 1500 people to camp in Chunniupu, saying that "the night terrors in the army led to the scattered soldiers in the town" and "the people had no fighting spirit". "Zhang Yanxian, a guerrilla in the middle camp of the Taiwan Association Navy Division, and Wang Ding, a guerrilla in the right camp" and other "more than a thousand soldiers and more than 40 warships, jointly sailing with Hydrazone", "Liang Wenxuan, magistrate, Tongzhi Wang Li, Taiwan Province magistrate Wu Guanyu, Xiancheng, Dian Wang Shiding, Zhu Luo magistrate, Dian Shi, etc., are all examples.

After the rebel army occupied Taiwan Province Province, Zhu Yigui was appointed King of Zhongxing, with the title Yonghe. However, Du Junmei "wanted to make his son Du Huisan king, but the public refused." Du Junmei is arrogant in everything and leads a decadent life. "Seven women were robbed in the camp." Zhu Yigui "led troops to besiege Du Junmei, and he was defeated." Du Junmei led ten thousand people to "go north to Weixi until the cat was stationed and plundered the village community. Half of the lines were ravaged, and those that didn't arrive were only embedded in the north and in the south. "

On the third day of June, the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian, Jue Luomanbao, "went to Xiamen for military affairs from Fuzhou" and "went to Penghu before the prefect stone", led 12,000 troops and 6,000 sailors to cross the sea in more than 600 ships, and landed at Luermen on June 13th to conquer Anping Town. Kangxi sent a message to the people who started the uprising: "I think most of you are from the mainland, not thieves, or forced by hunger and cold, or by unscrupulous officials, so one or two bandits advocated temptation, and everyone killed officers and soldiers, knowing that the crime was inevitable, but acted rashly and resisted." What does it have to do with the public? ""If you wait, you will be caressed and I will forgive your sins; If you are stubborn, you will send troops to encircle and encircle. "

On June 22nd, the Qing army conquered Fucheng, Taiwan Province Province, and the soldiers were divided into two ways to suppress it. Zhu Yigui led more than a thousand people to retreat to Gouwei Village in Zhuluo County, "begging for food, Yang Xu and other cows will pay for it, and Xu called on Liu Zhuang Township to help it", "Xu prepared a house, divided a quarter of your house into lodging rooms, gathered in Liu Zhuang Township, pretended to be guards, and sneaked into the thief gun to get water. Five drums at night, screaming at the top of my lungs, saying that the officers and men arrived, the golden drums and cannons rang, and the thieves panicked and were at a loss. " Yang Xu and others "captured Zhu Yigui alive" and "scattered the rest". "Xu tied your class, sent ox carts to Bazhangxi, and made friends with guerrillas." It was Zhu Yigui who was sent to Xiamen as a "trap" and then "solved the law in Beijing". "More than a thousand miles north of the road, everything is calm."

After the Qing army landed, Du Junmei fled to the deep mountains, and his whereabouts were uncertain. In that year 10, he surrendered to the Qing army camp and was immediately escorted to Beijing for execution.

In August of the same year, Kangxi ordered Liang Wenxuan, Tongzhi Wang Li, Wu Guancheng and Zhu Kui, who "don't like the people on weekdays, but know the benefits", to be sent to Taiwan Province.

The late magistrate Wang Zhen cut open the coffin and showed his body.

In October of sixty years (172 1), the Qing court formulated the garrison system in Taiwan Province province: the post of deputy commander of the naval division battalion was established in Taiwan Province, with a total of two thousand soldiers; Set up a deputy commander-in-chief of the land camp, with two thousand soldiers under his jurisdiction; The company commander is stationed in Penghu and has 2000 soldiers under his jurisdiction. The officers and men stationed in Taiwan are all sent by the mainland and change once every three years. All officers and men are not allowed to bring their wives and children. Every year, Beijing sends inspectors to Taiwan Province Province for inspection.

The change of literature.

Lin, a native of Pinghe County, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, came to Taiwan with his father in the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773) and "made a living by driving" in Daizhuang, da li, Changhua County. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782), the leader of the Heaven and Earth Society and Zhangzhou people traveled across the ocean to open a cloth shop in Changhua, Taiwan Province, and spread the Heaven and Earth Society. Encouraged by "everyone helps each other in case of trouble, and is not afraid of being bullied or caught by officials", Lin, Yang Guangxun, Zhang Lie from Zhu Luo, Lin Xiaowen from Danshui and Zhuang Datian from Fengshan joined the Heaven and Earth Society one after another.

After the mid-Qianlong period, "more and more people in Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Huizhou and Chaoshan joined the Party, during which Titan stripped its belly, the people benefited and despised the officials." After the change of Zhu Yi Gui, the official management of Taiwan Province Province was rectified. However, after several decades, the wind of corruption resurfaced, and officials "wantonly accepted bribes" and "extorted gifts", and even "let garrison soldiers go back to the mainland to do private business and let soldiers from Zhang Quan and Quan Quan steal and make trouble", which made it impossible to maintain public order in Taiwan Province Province.

According to "Omission of Pacifying Taiwan Province", "When Tamsui knew Pan Kai, he was in the mansion and suddenly reported that there was an unidentified body outside the city for inspection. As soon as he left the city, he was killed, killed. " If officials in Taiwan Province Province can't solve the case, they will blame "Shengfan" (an indigenous Gaoshan people). "People are lured out with wine and meat, drunk and killed, and the sinner has been brought to justice, but the murderer is really out of line, so the people despise the official, and Fan also bites."

Even immigrants from different origins "fought with tens of thousands of people, and the soldiers couldn't help it, but threatened peace with empty voices, so the people benefited and the soldiers ignored it."

In the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786), in July, Yang Guangxun, a member of the Heaven and Earth Society, clashed with his younger brother Yang Gongkuan, who joined the Heaven and Earth Society and was supported by the Heaven and Earth Society, and formed a "Lei Guild" to fight with each other. The company commanders of Taiwan Province Province sent people to summon the leaders of both sides, Chana and members of the Heaven and Earth Society to rescue Zhang Lie and flee to Changhua, where Lin lived.

On 25th of that year 1 1, Changhua county magistrate, He, deputy battalion commander of Beiluying, and Geng, a guerrilla, went to Dalidai, camped at Dadun, five miles away from Dalidai, and ordered the villagers to capture Lin and others alive and "burn several small villages first". 1 1 On the night of 27th, "Shuangwensui gathered people to attack the camp at night because of people's grievances", "He, Geng and Yu all died. The next day, "Chang Hua fell into the trap, and Wang Zongwu, Tongzhi Chang Geng, former Tongzhi Liu Hengji and Dian Shi Feng Qizong, both of whom were killed. 1February 6, and fell into Zhuluo, and the county magistrate Dong Hu died slowly. Tamsui Tongzhi became an army and was also harmed by thieves. " "Fengshan County has Zhuang Datian", "Taking advantage of the chaos, he fell into the county seat on the 13th, and the county magistrate Yang Dakui committed suicide". In less than a month, Lin and others occupied Changhua, Zhuluo and Fengshan counties.

1At the beginning of February, Governor Chang Qing of Fujian and Zhejiang sent Navy Commander Huang and Army Commander Ren Chengen with10.3 million troops to Taiwan, and Taiwan Province set up more than 20,000 officers and men. However, Huang is old, "ill in bed", Ren Chengen "ignorant of soldiers", and the second prefect is stationed in the county. It was not until the 22nd day of the first month of the following year (fifty-two years of Qianlong) that the company commanders in Taiwan Province Province recovered Zhuluo County.

In March of the fifty-second year of Qianlong (1787), Chang Qing, the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian, was ordered to arrive in Taiwan Province Province. Gan Long sent a message to Changqing, "All officers and men from all walks of life will gather in one place." "We must never follow the old practice of Huang He and Ren Chengen, divide our troops lightly and wait and see, so that the thieves will disperse and converge until the matter is over." Chang Qing, like Huang and Ren Chengen, "only knows how to set up camp to protect himself" and "stood by and watched, so that the teacher lost his salary". His camp is only five miles away from the south altar where Zhuang Datian is stationed. After a few months in Taiwan Province, this "elbow-shaped" enemy "didn't want to take advantage of the situation to attack and suppress" and "let it be forced".

The commander-in-chief of the Qing army feared the enemy and avoided the war, which made the rebel army grow to more than100000 in just a few months. In order to recapture Zhuluo, which connects the north and the south, Lin "launched an encirclement and suppression campaign in mid-June, day and night", "grain and rice were forbidden to enter the city" and the people were "hungry, cold and exhausted".

There are a lot of rice in the forest station in the past dynasties, Shuishalian and other places, "only 800 per stone", and Lugang occupied by the Qing army, "3,000 per stone", "the warehouse is empty, and there are not many government warehouses." "There is only one place left in Changhua County, Luzai Port, which is still sticking to it. Men, women and children from all villages came to hide, with no fewer than 100,000 people and no place to eat. " "I have been going to the countryside to donate food to the righteous for a long time, and it is difficult to donate any more."

On June 20th, fifty-two years of Qianlong, the Qing emperor sent Fu Kang 'an, governor of Shaanxi but Gansu Province, to supervise military affairs in Taiwan Province Province. At this time, there were nearly 200,000 people in Lin and Zhuang Datian, and the Taiwan provincial government was occupied by the rebels except for a few ports such as county town, Zhuluo county town and Lugang. At the end of that year 10, Fu Kang 'an landed in Taiwan Province Province with 5000 reinforcements. At the beginning of November, Fu Kang 'an threatened to take the Great Dynasties, but Yin Ji transferred Luoxian to defeat the forest department of the besieged county. After being besieged for more than five months, Zhu Luo was finally cleared, "the government and the people in the city" and "hunger wins colorless". "They all shed tears."

After Lin retreated from Zhuluo, he retreated to the small Tianshan Mountain in the north of the county seat, surrounded by steep walls, which were easy to defend but difficult to attack. 1 1 month 18, Fu Kang 'an pushed the overseers to attack, and Lin was exhausted and retreated to LiuDouMen from the mountain for a long time. In the fierce battle of Six Doors, Lin was defeated again, so he retreated to the great dynasties and resisted with guns by virtue of the earthen city he built. 1 1 On April 24th, Fu Kang 'an and Lin burned the midnight oil, and Lin lost again. The next morning, the Qing army transferred to the suppression headquarters, and Lin and his party evacuated to the assembly area as soon as possible. Jijipu is in front of Daxi, where Gao 'an Rock is a steep wall on the stream, which is several miles long, and its front camp is also dangerous. 1On February 5th, officers and men went up and killed more than one thousand people, so the thieves were all defeated. "

The forests that suffered heavy losses in succession did not join hands with Nantouzhuang Datian; Instead of retreating to the deep forests where Gaoshan people live, they "hid in Fanshe, but fled with dozens of friends." "On the fourth day of the first month of the fifty-third year, Lin Qian ate" was captured.

After the Qing army captured the forest, it marched southward on a large scale. "Zhuang Datian hastily refused and lost." The Qing army defeated Zhuang Datian in Daoolong, Darifeng, Nantan, Zhongzhou, Dagang Mountain, Xiaogang Mountain and Shuidiliao successively. "Zhuang Datian was exhausted" and fled to the wave angle of "one mountain facing the sea" and "hiding the party". The Qing army sent sailors to bypass the sea and intercept them in the water. Since then, soldiers have surrounded the mountains and thieves are not allowed to clash. Thousands of people were killed in the attack, thousands of people drowned in the sea, and thousands of people were captured and slaughtered. Zhuang Datian also won. "

In addition to Lin and Zhuang Datian, twelve people were executed by the Qing court, including He Youzhi, Lin Ling, Lin Yonghui,,, Cai Fu,,, Ji Zheng, Chen Songtian and Zhuang Dajiu. All the children of the above-mentioned Lingchi deceased 16 years old were beheaded, their wives and daughters, children and grandchildren under 15 years old were slaves of the hero's family, and all the male relatives under 15 years old were castrated (37 people in total).