A brief history of the sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, 3000 words to sort out the chaotic sixteen countries in North Wuhu!

Sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were a division in the history of our country after the brief reunification of the Western Jin Dynasty. During this period, Jiangnan area and Jingxiang area were under the rule of the Eastern Jin Dynasty established by Si Marui, the royal family of the Southern Jin Dynasty. In the north and southwest of the Yangtze River, after Wuhu entered China, many countries were established by leaders of different nationalities, among which 16 was strong and was called "Wuhu Sixteen Countries" in history.

The specific time of the Sixteen Kingdoms began in 304 AD, when Li Xiong, the leader of the Di nationality, established the Han Dynasty in Sichuan, and Liu Yuan, the leader of the Xiongnu nationality, established both the Han Dynasty and the Zhao Dynasty in Shanxi, and ended in 439 when Tuoba Xianbei, the great emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, unified the North. During the total *** 135 years, the forces of all parties were complicated and the struggle continued!

Many people are confused when they see the names of sixteen countries. These ethnic tribes have different degrees of civilization and cultural beliefs, and the names of establishing political power are even more varied. Many of them have changed their names many times, which is simply "chaos". Here's a big trick, remember in one sentence that "one Han, two Zhao, three Qin, four Yan, five cool and fox summer" in the sixteen countries of Wuhu!

Next, simply sort it out from three aspects, remember three sentences and sort out the chaotic context of the times!

Let's talk about the special existence of "one Han" first. During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the only small country in the south became a Han Chinese, the leader of the Di nationality and the Harmony. During the Sichuan chaos of Emperor Jinhui, Hu Han's refugees rebelled, established the country and made Chengdu their capital. Later, the name of the country was Han, and the history was called Han. Cheng Han lived in seclusion, and after forty-six years of peace, people's livelihood was stable. Finally, it was destroyed by Huan Wen, the powerful minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty!

First, the two Zhao, Sanqin and Huxia compete for the northern core area.

As early as the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han regime in the north began the policy of Hu people moving inward. By the Western Jin Dynasty, the number of Hu people in the north had far exceeded that of the Han people. The rebellion of the Eight Kings in the Western Jin Dynasty completely shook the control of the Han regime. In 304 AD, Liu Yuan, the leader of Xiongnu, established the Han State under the banner of inheriting Han orthodoxy. Liu Yuan and his son Liu Cong captured the Western Jin Emperor twice and controlled the northern core area!

In 3 18 AD, Liu Cong died, and her consort Jin Zhun launched the Pingyang Rebellion. Liu Yuan's adopted son Liu Yao put down the rebellion, moved the capital to Chang 'an and proclaimed himself emperor, and changed his country name to Zhao. At the same time, Liu Yuan's general, Xie Shile, refused to obey Liu Yao and founded the country in Hebei, also known as Emperor Zhao. In order to distinguish, the Han Dynasty established by Liu Yuan and Liu Yao, the successor, changed the Zhao State to the former Zhao State, and the Zhao State established by Schleswig-Holstein was called the post-Zhao State and the "second Zhao State"!

In 329, in the west of Luoyang, Liu Yao was captured and killed after drinking, and then Zhao gradually unified the north. Schleswig is smart and capable, imitates the management system of the Han nationality and has a strong national strength. Unfortunately, Shi Hu was a famous pervert tyrant. Later, after the civil strife in the post-Zhao Dynasty, Shi Hu's adopted grandson, Ran Min, restored the Han surname and established the State of Wei, known as Wei Ran in history, and the post-Zhao Dynasty perished!

This time in Wei Ran was very short, and it was destroyed by Murong Xianbei, who was not in the sixteen countries. After the civil strife in Zhao, Fu Jian, the leader of the Di nationality, proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an and established the former Qin Dynasty. Fu Jian's nephew, Fu Jian Yingming SHEN WOO, with the assistance of China's famous Wang Meng, promoted Confucian education, eased ethnic barriers, quickly unified the North and pacified the western countries, becoming the most powerful country among the sixteen countries!

Unfortunately, Fu Jian was arrogant after repeated battles, ignoring internal hidden dangers and Wang Meng's advice before he died. He led soldiers from all over the country to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the famous Feishui was defeated after World War I, and the situation of the unification of the north collapsed. After the defeat, Yao Chang, the Qiang general of Fu Jian, fled to Weinan, established the post-Qin Dynasty, made its capital in the north, ruled parts of Shaanxi, eastern Gansu and Henan today, and was later destroyed by the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Qi Guo Fu, the leader of Xianbei, took advantage of Fu Jian's defeat in Lishui to ask Longxi for help. In 385, he claimed to be a general and Khan, and was known as the Western Qin in history. Later, Qi's younger brother moved to Jincheng (now Lanzhou), where he mainly ruled southwest Gansu and parts of Qinghai. During this period, he was destroyed by the late Qin Dynasty, then he was restored to China, and finally he was destroyed by Xia Guo in 43 1 year.

This Hu Xia was founded by Helian Bobo, the leader of the southern Xiongnu. He was originally a general of the late Qin Dynasty, but Uncle Lian, as the name implies, ambitiously clings to the descendants of Xia Houshi, a Huaxia nationality, claiming to be the King of Xia, fighting against the late Qin Dynasty and destroying the Western Qin Dynasty with the enemy as the mainstay. Later, after the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty destroyed Qin, he occupied Guanzhong and became the strongest country in the Hetao area, and was finally destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty, which unified the north.

Second, the northeast Murong Yan country obsessed with rejuvenation.

Before getting to know the famous Murong Yanguo, let's introduce the Xianbei people. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianbei people became as powerful as Xiongnu, commonly known as "Donghu". Later, Xianbei was gradually divided into three parts: east, middle and west, with Yuwen in the east, Murong in the middle and Tuoba in the west. These three branches of Xianbei nationality are famous in the history of China!

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Murong occupied Liaodong, recruited refugees, provided land, and took the lead in becoming strong. Taking advantage of the civil strife in Zhao after the Central Plains, Mr. Murong took the opportunity to kill Hebei and destroyed it, and established the first Yan State, which was known in history. Murong Di, the prince of Yan, moved his capital to Ji Cheng, which is now Beijing, and soon settled the surrounding situation, competing with the rising former Qin Dynasty!

In the early days of Yan Qian, there were many talented people. Murong Ke, Murong Mu's younger brother, is a great talent for running the country and keeping the country safe. Destroy Dongying, shake Liaodong, Qin before the earthquake, and resist the Eastern Jin in the south. He is called the first star of sixteen countries. In addition, Mu Rongchui and Murong De are also young talents. They are both children. Unfortunately, there are too many talents, which leads to indoor fights. They met the invincible combination of Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, and Wang Meng, the Han nationality, but they were helpless to destroy the country!

The first time was in 384 AD, when the Eastern Jin Dynasty defeated Fu Jian, Mu Rongchui and Yao Chang, who established the later Qin Dynasty, rebelled at the same time, restored the territory of the former Yan and established the later Yan. In its heyday, it ruled most areas of Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, Shanxi and Henan, and became the most powerful regime in East Asia at that time. It's a pity that Tuoba GUI was destroyed!

After the second restoration of the country, Hou Yan split into two after her death. Murong De, the imperial clan, led troops to Shandong to restore the title of Yan State, which was called Southern Yan in history. During Southern Yan's period, he paid attention to the cooperation with Han scholar-officials, and his ruling scope included Shandong, Henan and Jiangsu, with a slight image of An Zhongxing. Unfortunately, he overreached himself, provoked the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was destroyed by the then Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty!

Murong Yun, the adopted son of Murong Bao, the last emperor of Houyan, fled to Longcheng, Chaoyang, Liaoning Province in the north, and continued the name of Yan State, known as Southern Yan in history. Murong Yun is actually a Koguryo, whose real name is Gao. After he became king, he restored his name Gao Yun. Gao Yun was later killed by a chamberlain, and Feng Ba, the powerful minister of the Han Dynasty, put down the rebellion and was named Prince. In fact, it is no longer Murong Yanguo!

Third, Sugar-Coated Berry's five cool controls the Hexi Corridor.

Hexi Corridor has been the traffic throat between the Western Regions and the Central Plains since ancient times. Liangzhou is at the junction of nomadic people and the Central Plains Dynasty. During the Han Dynasty, it was a frontier fortress military center, which fought against nomadic people for a long time. At that time, the folk customs were brave and became a military group with great influence.

During the Western Jin Dynasty, Wuhu entered China, and Liangzhou secretariat of the Western Jin Dynasty stuck to the border. Sima's southern crossing established the Eastern Jin Dynasty; Central plains Hu melee; Liangzhou's military strength and social stability have attracted a large number of gentry from war-torn places to take refuge, bringing advanced culture, which is essentially equivalent to an independent country, known as Qianliang, and has become the center of Han culture in northwest China!

Liang Qian ruled the northwest for 60 years and was the longest independent regime among the sixteen countries. Unfortunately, the combination of former Qin Wang Fu Jian and Han Wang Meng is too strong at the same time. Lv Guang, the former general of Qin Dynasty, was ordered to make a Western Expedition and unified the whole western region. He received the news that Fu Jian was defeated by Feishui and the former Qin Dynasty was destroyed. I couldn't go back to Chang 'an, so I had to capture Liangzhou, and I became king myself, eliminating Zhang's former coolness, which was called the latter coolness in history!

During the Battle of Liang Qian in Lv Guang, Xianbei people in Hexi rose up in Longxi and Ningxia, and established Nanliang, the first political power established by ethnic minorities in Liangzhou. The national strength was weak, and it was finally attacked by the Western Qin.

At the same time, Lv Guang's men established a political power in Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, called Beiliang, under the recommendation of Meng Xun and Ju Qumen, the Huns' giant canal. Later, Ju Mengxun launched a mutiny and was called the ruler of Beiliang. Qu Mengxun is a hero with outstanding military talents. He captured the capital of Nanliang, and at the same time, he conquered Li Xiliang, forced Hou Liang to take refuge in the later Qin Dynasty, and unified Liangzhou area!

After flying general Li Guang in the Han Dynasty, Li Jue and Dunhuang called him "Liang Gong", and Xiliang was established in 400 AD. It now governs western Gansu, southwestern Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. Xiliang and Beiliang fought for many years, and were finally extinguished by Beiliang. In the later Tang Dynasty, Xiliang, the king of Wu Zhao, was the ancestor, and the music and dance culture of Xiliang was carried forward in the Tang Dynasty!

No beam has a very important position in history. Gansu Hexi Corridor ruled by Wu Liang, compared with the Central Plains, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the former cool generals Zhang Jun and Zhang Zhonghua; Lv Guang after cooling; Li Jue of Xiliang; Meng Xun and his son in Juqu, Northern Liang Dynasty are rare masters in troubled times. Five grain political stability, economic prosperity and overall social stability!

A large number of famous families came to Liangzhou to settle down and take refuge, bringing advanced Central Plains civilization. The local rulers treated it as a courtesy to "scholars in Zhongzhou", which made Liangzhou a veritable "land of scholars", promoted the prosperity and development of local culture, and laid a solid foundation for Guanlong Group, which had five surnames and seven expectations in Sui and Tang Dynasties.