Resettlement recovery policy

The origin of "Huguang is familiar with the world"

By the Ming Dynasty, "Gu Mi's benefits in Chu were scattered all over the world several times". At that time, the whole northern Hunan area, including Changsha, was already an important grain producing area in China. In the Ming Dynasty, Changsha City was not only the government of Changsha, but also governed 12 counties and states. The county governs two counties in Hua Shan, which are densely populated, prosperous in business and prosperous in rice production and sales. It is actually a well-known rice market. It is reported that during the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty (1426- 1435), Suzhou and Songzhou were in famine, and the ships of Jiangsu and Zhejiang merchants "assembled for a while", sitting in Changsha, bought rice and sold it to Jiangsu and Songzhou. Every year, the Ming government also needs to transfer a large amount of grain from Changsha to the province, and the scene of "a huge ship diving meters, a load of stones" reappears on the Xiangjiang River. In the Ming Dynasty, Hunan transported a large amount of grain abroad. For example, in the fourth year of Xuande (AD 1429), people from Jiangxi, Huguang and Zhejiang transported 2.2 million stones of grain to Huai 'an warehouse. In the eighth year of Chenghua (AD 1472), it was decided that the national capital grain was * * * 4 million stones, of which the "southern grain" in Huguang and Jiangxi was more than 3.24 million stones, accounting for the vast majority. By the late Ming dynasty, the grain in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River was mostly supplied by Huguang and other places. For example, Anhui Huizhou grain "takes more rice from Jiangxi and Huguang as food". In the Ming Dynasty, Li Fuyuan wrote in his "Map Outline": "Chu is the principle of the country and cultivates a wide field. Do it again at the age of one. Chai Sang and Wu Chu gave more praise. As the saying goes,' the lake is vast and ripe, and the world is full', saying that its land is vast and the Yangtze River is easy to tune, which is not comparable to other provinces. "

The prosperity of Changsha rice market was based on the great development of agricultural production in Changsha at that time. This development has gone through the process from abandoned farmland to restoration. In the first year of Hongwu (AD 1386), the Ming government issued an order to "take back Xu Min as his own business and serve for three years"; When Xuanzong proclaimed himself emperor, he even stipulated that he would never open up wasteland. However, in the early Ming Dynasty, due to the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, the countryside was deserted, the people were scattered, and the agricultural labor force was extremely scarce. In the early years of Hongwu, Changsha officials actively and conscientiously implemented the central policy, recruited refugees, and allowed immigrants to "occupy land". Soon, a large number of people from neighboring provinces such as Jiangxi flooded into Hunan, "setting up a standard as the boundary to open up wasteland and stay in business". Today, a large number of place names such as Zuojiacheng, Wu Jialing and Fujiazhou in Changsha are named after this. According to reports, by the 24th year of Hongwu (A.D. 139 1), the population of Changsha had reached 509 1 300. Prior to this, in the fourth year of Hongwu (A.D. 137 1), the population of the capital Nanjing was only 200,000. The surge of agricultural labor force has reclaimed a large number of abandoned farmland in Changsha, and some beaches and wasteland have also been fully utilized.

At the same time, local officials in Changsha also attach great importance to the construction of farmland water conservancy, and agricultural production technology has also been vigorously promoted. During the Wanli period (1573- 16 19), a turtle pond was built in Tangyuan, Hua Shan County, which stretched for more than 20 miles and covered thousands of acres. Later, the wasp opened a Seta and a Tang Rong in the magistrate's county. Dongrong Tower, gutang, etc. During Chenghua period (1465- 1487), Xie Zongxi, a citizen of Ningxiang County, also donated money to build the Dayang Dam, which can irrigate all fields. What is particularly commendable is that the government strongly advocates the cultivation of high-quality rice. Not only did Tacheng Rice, which was introduced from Vietnam in the Song Dynasty, get comprehensive promotion, but also improved new varieties such as Ivory Zhan, Lantian Zhan and Hundred Days Zhan appeared, which greatly increased Changsha's grain output. According to Ming Jiajing's Records of Changsha Prefecture, Changsha's grain output can be "three stones per mu (one stone is about 75 kilograms).

The increase of grain output and the great development of agricultural economy have greatly promoted the commercialization of grain production and the development of commercial trade. In order to adapt to the development of Changsha's grain trade, from Jiajing to Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Changsha launched a massive "talk trade" project twice. During Jiajing period (1522- 1566), Zhaitai, an official of Changsha government, presided over dredging the West Lake Bridge section of Xiangjiang River and turned it into a port, which was later honored as "Zhai Gongtao". During Wanli (1573- 16 19), Hua Shan county magistrate Tang Yuan proposed to dredge Nanhu Port again. Although the project was not completely completed, it was still an important port for ships to gather until the Qing Dynasty. Tangyuan formed a set of "trade" thoughts in the social practice of promoting the prosperity of Changsha's agricultural economy, which is worth mentioning. His economic thought of "gathering wealth from all sides and benefiting one side" still has reference significance for Changsha's economic development today.