Majiayao culture Majiayao culture is the late Neolithic culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in China.

1. How many types does Majiayao culture include? 2. How much do you know about Majiayao culture in Gansu? 3. What are the characteristics of Majiayao culture? 4. What is Majiayao culture? 5. What types does Majiayao culture include? 6. Majiayao Culture How many types does Majiayao culture include?

Majiayao culture includes three cultural types: Majiayao, Banshan and Machang. Majiayao type is earlier than Banshan type and Banshan type is earlier than Machang type.

Among them, there are many similar factors in the Mid-levels and Machang types, which are closely related.

The distribution range of Mid-levels culture type is the same as Majiayao type, but it has gradually moved westward. The distribution of Machang cultural types is more westward than Majiayao cultural types and Mid-levels cultural types.

cultural naming

although Majiayao site was discovered earlier, it was named after it in the 194s. There have been many controversies in the archaeological circles about the naming of Majiayao culture and whether to include the types of Banshan and Machang, and opinions have not been completely unified.

An Tesheng, who was the first to investigate and excavate the Majiayao site, called the Majiayao site in Lintao and the Mid-Levels site in Guanghe as Yangshao period or Yangshao culture. In order to distinguish it from Yangshao culture in Henan and Shaanxi, it was also called Yangshao culture in Gansu. How much do you know about Majiayao culture in Gansu?

culture is the epitome of history and a mirror of the times. The high development of Majiayao culture in Gansu Province is the most splendid glow in the dawn of Chinese civilization in Neolithic Age, which reflects many cultural achievements achieved by Chinese ancestors in ancient times. Majiayao culture not only contains many mysterious social and cultural information in prehistoric times, but also creates the earliest form of Chinese painting. Now let's learn more about Majiayao culture, the cultural capital of Gansu.

Majiayao culture was first discovered in Majiayao Village, Lintao County, Gansu Province in 1923, hence its name. Majiayao culture is a local type of Yangshao culture developing westward, which appeared in the late Neolithic period more than 5,7 years ago. After more than 3, years of development, there are four types: Shilingxia, Majiayao, Banshan and Machang. It is mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Taohe River, Daxia River and Huangshui River Basin in Gansu and Qinghai.

Architectural style

The village ruins of Majiayao culture are generally located on the terraces on both sides of the Yellow River and its tributaries, close to the water source and with good soil development. Most of the houses are semi-crypt buildings, and some are built on the flat ground. The plane shape of houses can be divided into three categories: square, round and partitioned, with square houses being the most common. Square houses are semi-crypt-type, with a large area, generally ranging from 1 square meters to 5 square meters. There is a round fire pit in the house, and a square pit is often dug outside the door to store food.

most round houses are built on flat ground or by digging a shallow pit. There is a fire pit at the entrance, and a central column is erected in the middle to support the inclined column. The houses are conical, and there are few partitioned houses, mainly in Linjia, Dongxiang and Jiangjiaping, Yongdeng. Generally, a fire pit is set in the middle of the main room, with compartments on the side.

Funeral custom

There are more than 2, tombs of Majiayao culture that have been excavated. The cemeteries are generally adjacent to the residence, and the public cemeteries are popular. The arrangement of tombs is irregular, and most of them are in the east or southeast direction. There are rectangular, square and round tombs in the prevailing pits. The burial styles vary from time to time and from region to region. Generally, there are upright limbs, sideways bent limbs and secondary burial.

generally, there are funerary objects in tombs, mainly including production tools, household utensils and decorations, a few funerary grains and livestock such as pigs, dogs and sheep. The funerary objects in some cemeteries include tools such as stone axes, stone spears and chisels for men, and spinning wheels and daily-use pottery for women, reflecting the division of labor between men and women. There are differences in the quantity and quality of funerary objects, and the greater the difference is in the later stage, some of them reach more than 9 pieces, while others have nothing. This widening gap between the rich and the poor marks the gradual disintegration of primitive society and the dawn of China civilization.

Ceramic Craft

Majiayao culture pottery industry is very developed, and its painted pottery inherits the hearty style of Yangshao culture temple bottom ditch, but its performance is more detailed, forming a gorgeous and elegant artistic style, which is further developed than Yangshao culture, and its artistic achievement has reached its peak. Most of the pottery is formed by the method of clay strip plate building. The pottery is orange-yellow and the surface of the pottery is polished very delicately. In many Majiayao cultural relics, there are also kilns and pottery kilns, pigments, stone slabs for grinding pigments, and colored pottery dishes.

The painted pottery of Majiayao culture was mainly painted in pure black at the early stage; In the middle stage, pure black color and black and red color are used to draw patterns alternately; In the later period, black and red were used to draw patterns. The pottery-making process of Majiayao culture has begun to use slow wheel trimming. The wheel is used to draw concentric circles, chords and parallel lines, which shows skillful painting skills. The large-scale production of painted pottery shows that the social division of labor in pottery making in this period has long been specialized, and specialized pottery craftsmen have appeared.

The development of painted pottery is a remarkable feature of Majiayao culture. Among all painted pottery cultures found in China, the proportion of painted pottery in Majiayao culture is the highest, and its interior color is particularly developed, with distinctive characteristics of the times. Since the late 195s, with the accumulation of a large number of newly unearthed materials, the research on painted pottery of Majiayao culture has attracted more and more attention from the academic circles, and has gradually become a hot spot in the study of prehistoric culture.

After the decline of painted pottery of Yangshao culture in the Central Plains, painted pottery of Majiayao culture continued to develop for hundreds of years, pushing painted pottery culture to an unprecedented height. Majiayao culture, represented by painted pottery, is an unparalleled spectacle in the history of the development of painted pottery in the world, the most splendid culture created by ancient human ancestors and the peak of the development of painted pottery art. It is not only the source of industrial civilization and agricultural civilization, but also the origin and development of China culture and art with a long history. Its magical and brilliant artistic charm is still shocking our hearts. What are the characteristics of Majiayao culture?

characteristics of majiayao culture: the village sites of majiayao culture are generally located on the terraces on both sides of the Yellow River and its tributaries, close to water sources, and the soil is well developed. Most of the houses are semi-crypt buildings, and some are built on the flat ground. The plane shape of houses can be divided into three categories: square, round and partitioned, with square houses being the most common.

a square house is a semi-crypt type, with a large area, generally about 1 square meters to 5 square meters. There is a round fire pit inside the house, and a square pit is often dug outside the door to store food.

most round houses are built on flat ground or by digging a shallow pit. There is a fire pit at the entrance, and a central column is erected in the middle to support the inclined column. The houses are conical, and there are few partitioned houses, mainly in Linjia, Dongxiang and Jiangjiaping, Yongdeng. Generally, a fire pit is set in the middle of the main room, with compartments on the side.

Extended information:

Majiayao culture is mainly distributed in central and southern Gansu, centering on the Loess Plateau in Longxi, starting from the upper reaches of Weihe River in the east, reaching Hexi Corridor and northeastern Qinghai Province in the west, reaching the south of Ningxia Autonomous Region in the north and Sichuan Province in the south. The main rivers in the distribution area are the Yellow River and its tributaries Taohe River, Daxia River and Huangshui River.

Majiayao types are mainly distributed in central and southern Gansu and northeastern Qinghai, the upper reaches of Jingshui and Weishui in southern Ningxia, and the basins of Bailong River, Huangshui River, Taohe River, Zhuanglang River and Qingshuihe River. The distribution range of Mid-mountain type is basically the same as Majiayao type, but it has gradually moved westward. The distribution of machang types is more westward. What is Majiayao culture

The original word Majiayao culture

Interpretation

Majiayao culture was named after it was first discovered in Majiayao Village, Lintao County, Gansu Province in 1923. Its main distribution areas are the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the valley water basins of Taohe River, Daxia River and Huangshui River in Gansu and Qinghai provinces. Majiayao culture is a local type of Yangshao culture, which develops westward, so it was once called Yangshao culture in Gansu. Archaeologists believe that the combination of population pressure, agricultural economy and hunting and gathering economy is the main reason why Majiayao culture is divided from Yangshao culture. Majiayao culture appeared in the late Neolithic period (about 33 BC-25 BC) more than 5,7 years ago. After more than 1, years of development, there are four types: Shilingxia, Majiayao, Banshan and Machangfeng. Majiayao culture is one of the sources of Qijia culture. What types does Majiayao culture include?

Majiayao culture includes several types, such as Shilingxia type, Majiayao type, Banshan type and Machang type. The painted pottery under Shiling is characterized by the image of the giant fish pattern unearthed in Wangjiaping, Gangu County. The giant fish in the painting is vivid in shape, with a head like a human face and detailed description, which is a personalized image. Majiayao painted pottery has a large decorative area, and the patterns are mostly vortex patterns, wave patterns and arc-edged triangular patterns, which are characterized by dense composition, rotating and undulating patterns and strong sense of movement. Mid-level painted pottery is handsome and generous in shape, with sawtooth patterns and vortex patterns as the majority, and its color tone is harmonious and warm. The background color of Machang painted pottery is mainly orange and yellow, and the pattern is black. People use the parallel, curved and crossed patterns of lines with uniform thickness to form various exquisite patterns such as concentric circles, vortex patterns and pendulous patterns. The patterns of painted pottery are often spread all over the mouth edge of the utensils to near the bottom, which has a sense of elegance. As mentioned above, the Majiayao-type dance painted pottery basin unearthed in Shangsunjiazhai, Datong County, Qinghai Province shows the dance scenes of primitive people, which is summarized and very vivid, and can be called an outstanding production of Majiayao cultural painted pottery art. Majiayao culture

Majiayao culture reflects Majiayao culture intensively, which reflects the primitive culture of Majiayao culture in Gansu and Qinghai, and continues Majiayao culture as a branch of Yangshao culture. Breeding industry occupies an important position in Majiayao culture, mainly raising livestock and poultry such as cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs and chickens, and fishing and hunting are complementary to agriculture and breeding industry. The pottery industry is quite developed, creating Majiayao culture and splendid painted pottery culture. At that time, the scale of pottery making was quite large, and the members of primitive clan commune organized labor production. Basically, they had procedures such as pottery making, painting and kiln burning, which were completed by professional craftsmen. Primitive handicrafts such as stone-making, bone-making, jade-making, textile, smelting and wood products have made great progress. Stone grinding technology, spinning wheels, beads and other decorations made of stone and pottery were more common at that time. Copper knives and copper fragments unearthed from Linjia site in dongxiang county, Gansu Province are the earliest bronze products discovered so far. The tombs of Majiayao culture reflect the transition from matriarchal clan society to paternal clan society, that is, there has been a serious polarization between the rich and the poor.