Coordinating urban and rural development: what do farmers think? How can the government help? —— Investigation report on farmers entering the city in Xunyang County

The 11th National Committee of the 13th session of Xunyang County Committee proposed to plan the future development of Xunyang with the idea of coordinating urban and rural areas and accelerate urbanization. How to do a good job of farmers entering the city is related to the overall situation of urban and rural development and the hearts of ordinary people. It can not only make farmers willing to enter the city, but also make them "stable" and live and work in peace and contentment after entering the city, so that farmers can settle down in the city, which can not only meet the county conditions and public opinion to the greatest extent, but also have strong operability. How can the government help? "The propaganda department of the county party committee organized a research group to randomly select Sichuan Road, Zhongshan and Gaoshan Village in suburban towns, central towns and remote towns, and conducted face-to-face interviews with farmers to listen to their views and suggestions on settling in cities. Through a solid and meticulous investigation, I have mastered a lot of first-hand information and basically found out the ideas, wishes and requirements of farmers entering the city. The investigation report is as follows: 1. Basic overview: The investigation team selected Shuhe Town in the east of Xunyang (representing the ancient town), Ganxi Town in the north of Xunyang (representing the county town) and Jinzhai Town in the south of Xunyang (representing the new town). Each town selects three villages: Gaoshan, Zhongshan and Low Mountain, and randomly selects 10 farmers in each village according to high, medium and low, and conducts face-to-face interviews. The investigation team mainly visited Gao Qiao Village (low mountain village) in Shuhe Town, Guihuashu Village (high mountain village) in Ganxi Town, Shijiapo Village (Zhongshan Village), Yuanwan Village (low mountain village), Xiaoying Village (low mountain village), Tanjiayuan Village (Zhongshan Village) and Guanyintang Village in Jinzhai Town, and also visited Hua Kai Village (low mountain village) and Guanyintang Village in Gouyuan Township. The survey results are as follows: (1) Among them, 39 households are willing to settle in cities, accounting for 39% of the total number of households surveyed; 59 households are unwilling to settle in the city, accounting for 59% of the total number of households surveyed; According to the situation, 2 households were identified, accounting for 2% of the total number of households surveyed. Among the 39 farmers who are willing to settle in the city, 27 are waiting for relevant policy support due to various financial constraints, accounting for 69.23% of the people who are willing to settle in the city; There are 12 households with mature conditions, and they are determined to settle in the city with or without policy support, accounting for 30.77% of the people who are willing to settle in the city. Among the 39 farmers who are willing to settle in the city, 16 farmers are willing to enter the county, accounting for 41.03%; There are 23 farmers willing to enter the market town, accounting for 58.97%. From the survey statistics, although there are not as many farmers who are willing to go to the city as those who are unwilling to go to the city, the proportion is not small; Among the farmers who are willing to enter the city, those who hold a wait-and-see attitude and see the scope of preferential policies account for a large proportion; More farmers are willing to enter the market town than the county town. Second, characteristic analysis: (1) Characteristics of groups willing to go to cities: 1, young and middle-aged farmers. In the survey, most farmers who are willing to enter the city are between the ages of 25 and 45. These farmers are more open-minded, accept new things and are eager to live a convenient and comfortable life in towns. At the same time, farmers in this age group are relatively young, and they have the conditions and ability to start a second business, which can solve the problem of economic income and source of life after entering the city. 2. Migrant workers. It is mainly a contractor who works outside the home or a migrant farmer who has some savings from working outside all the year round. These farmers have certain economic strength and flexible minds. They have long been accustomed to urban life, and are unwilling to return to rural areas with inconvenient transportation and poor living conditions, and are eager to have a more comfortable urban living environment. After entering the town, you can settle down and start a business in the town, or you can choose to continue to go out to work. This is the most important group of farmers who are willing to go to cities in this survey. 3. "Half city and half agriculture" family. That is, one of the husband and wife is farming in the countryside, and the other is renting a house in the market town to do business, work and take care of the children. These people rent houses in towns for a long time to do business, work or take care of their children's studies. They have already become a part of the town, and it is their dream to become veritable citizens without paying high rents. 4. Families with fixed income. In the survey, we also visited several farmers whose family members are cadres, workers or teachers. These peasant families have a certain fixed income and almost no worries. They have a strong desire to live in the city. (2) Characteristics of groups unwilling to enter cities: 1, farmers around market towns. Mainly living in suburbs, market towns or around villages and towns, with convenient transportation and good land conditions. These farmers don't want to go to town. They think that they live around the town, and their living conditions are not much different from those of the town. There are better land conditions for development and utilization, so they are not attractive to enter the town. 2. Farmers who build new houses. These farmers think that they have devoted their lives to building new houses, and if they are allowed to move again, they think that both energy and financial resources are unbearable. 3. Old traditional farmers. Most of these farmers are over 50 years old. They live on land all the year round. They are conservative and inflexible. They are used to the rural lifestyle of "working at sunrise and resting at sunset". They think that the city's living consumption level is high and it is difficult to survive after entering the city. They have worries, at least they have food and clothing. Based on the characteristics of the above two groups, through comparative analysis, farmers entering the city at this stage show the following four characteristics: 1. From the age structure, young and middle-aged farmers under 45 are more willing to go to cities than the elderly over 45. 2. From the economic point of view, farmers who work outside the home or have a fixed income are more willing to live in the city than those who live on the land. 3. From the geographical distribution, farmers living in the middle and high mountains are more eager to enter the city than those living by the Chuan Dao River. 4. From the way of entering cities, the proportion of farmers entering urban communities is greater than that entering county towns. Third, farmers' thoughts: 1, and they have a positive attitude towards entering cities and towns. Farmers generally believe that the decision to enter cities and towns is an inevitable trend of rural development in the future, and it is a popular project that benefits thousands of families, which can improve the living environment and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. The majority of farmers affirmed and welcomed this decision. 2, very concerned about the degree of preferential policies. How to compensate the original rural homestead after farmers enter the city? How to compensate the contracted land? How high is the compensation standard? What are the preferential policies for employment after entering the city? These issues involving the vital interests of urban farmers are the focus of common people's attention. Farmers are eager to know the specific standards of these problems. They hope that various government subsidies can fill the funding gap for them to buy a house in the city, and the employment services provided by the government can make them live a carefree life. Because the preferential policies are not clear, most farmers who want to enter the city hold a wait-and-see attitude. If the policy support is good and attractive, quite a few people are willing to go to the city. The house price is too high to bear. In the survey, most people have the will to live in cities and towns, but it is generally believed that the house price in county towns is too high or the land price in market towns is too high to afford. The common people think that a suite in the county town needs 300,000 to 400,000 yuan at a time, while the foundation of a market town with 100 square meter needs 40,000 to 50,000 yuan, and at least/kloc-0,600 to 70,000 yuan can be built. They think it's unbearable. Most farmers in cities hope that the government can independently plan and build farmers' living quarters or provide low-rent housing and affordable housing in the city, with an area of about 90 square meters and the house price controlled below 1500/ square meter; The land price of market town 100 square meter should be controlled at around 30,000. 4. Solve the worries of entering the city for employment. People hope to give "special care" to farmers who enter cities and towns, provide employment training guidance and provide jobs or employment information. At the same time, solve the social security problems such as medical insurance and endowment insurance in cities. Make the peasants in cities have a fixed income, stable life and psychological stability, adapt to urban life, and change from city people to city people and farmers to citizens. 5. Cancel the "threshold" such as household registration that hinders settlement in cities. Farmers believe that each village where a market town is located has different levels of "household fees" or different fees in disguise. This "land policy" has become a "threshold" to prevent farmers from entering cities and towns. People hope to introduce relevant supporting policies, cancel the "threshold" of household registration and education, so that farmers entering cities and towns can enjoy the same treatment as urban residents. Four. Suggestion: Through interviews and research, the research group agreed that the introduction of policies to encourage farmers to live in cities and towns is in line with the fundamental interests of farmers, their ardent hope of entering cities, and a realistic measure to promote the scientific development of urban-rural integration. The introduction of policies is imperative and should be formulated in a timely and decisive manner. It is suggested that the government should strengthen the following points in promoting farmers to enter cities and towns: 1, clarify policies and improve attractiveness. Whether farmers go to cities or not is, in the final analysis, an interest-oriented issue. We should take the policy mechanism as the focus of attracting farmers into the city, guide farmers into the city with the most preferential policies, and let farmers "want to come in." "First, it is necessary to clarify the subsidy standards for urban farmers' original rural homestead and contracted land as soon as possible, clarify the specific preferential policies for urban farmers' housing security, employment, medical care, social security, etc., establish a property evaluation mechanism for urban farmers, and effectively evaluate the abandoned farmers' original houses, ground attachments and land to safeguard the due interests of urban farmers. Subsidy standards and preferential policies should be based on the relevant documents of provinces and cities, and combined with the reality of Xunyang to maximize their attraction. Second, we should strengthen policy propaganda and raise awareness rate. Make full use of conferences, television, newspapers, internet and other media to publicize the significance, methods, steps, preferential policies and safeguard measures of farmers entering the city, and carry out various publicity activities in depth. Establish a consultation platform, open a hotline for farmers to enter the city, accept public consultation at any time, solve doubts and doubts for the masses, and guide farmers to apply for two exemptions and enjoy preferential policies according to procedures. Set up a column for farmers to settle in cities on the county government website, accept online consultation from migrant workers, and guide migrant workers to voluntarily give up buying houses in cities. Through vigorous publicity, the farmers' policy of going to cities is well known, and a good atmosphere of "everyone understands the farmers' policy of going to cities, everyone cares about farmers' work in cities, and everyone supports farmers' work in cities" is created. 2. Scientific planning to solve the housing price problem. The housing problem is the most concerned issue for farmers in cities, and the current price of commercial housing is beyond the affordability of most farmers in cities. Exploring the establishment of housing security mechanism for farmers entering cities is the core problem to solve the problem of farmers entering cities. It is suggested to strengthen the housing security of farmers in cities from the following three aspects. First, seize the opportunity of the country to implement affordable housing projects, and make overall plans for the construction of affordable housing, low-rent housing and affordable housing in county towns, so that farmers in cities can "afford housing". The second is to combine the "housing project" and "ecological migration" in the process of unified planning and construction of farmers' resettlement communities in towns and villages, and bring them into the management of the towns where they are located, and implement the "one-fee system" management for the construction projects of resettlement communities, simplify the procedures for building houses, reduce land prices, and let farmers in cities "build houses". Third, according to the principle of "adjusting measures to local conditions, unified planning and embodying characteristics", the planning of village communities should be strengthened, so that some farmers who neither want to enter the county town nor have the economic ability to enter the market town can become advanced village communities. 3. Provide services to solve employment security. Do a good job in supporting services such as employment, social security, medical care and education for farmers in cities to solve their worries. First, organize skills training for farmers in cities, and vigorously carry out labor skills training for farmers in cities by using training carriers such as "Sunshine Project" and "Rain and Dew Plan" so that every farmer in cities can master an employment skill. Second, vigorously develop the secondary and tertiary industries and provide more jobs for farmers entering cities. Accelerate the development of secondary and tertiary industries in county towns and market towns, especially industrial parks and industrial clusters, increase investment attraction, speed up the progress of project construction, provide more jobs, meet the needs of migrant farmers, and transform them from farmers into workers with fixed income. The third is to strengthen social security. All departments should provide equal urban social security, education, health, culture and other public service systems for farmers in cities, actively formulate and implement preferential policies for farmers' employment and entrepreneurship, and truly realize farmers' citizenization. In particular, the enrollment of children of migrant farmers should be combined with the construction of county towns and the development trend of farmers entering cities, gradually expand the scale of running schools, solve the problem of "large class size", and ensure that children of migrant farmers receive normal education. Through the implementation of a series of supporting service policies and follow-up services for farmers in cities, farmers in cities can truly achieve the goal of "being stable and staying". 4. Plan and solve the land problem of farmers entering the city as soon as possible. In order to effectively solve the land problem after farmers enter the city, it is suggested that the government should solve it from three aspects: first, the compensation standards for farmers' homestead, contracted land and forest land should be introduced as soon as possible, and farmers entering the city should directly hand over their land to the village collective, which will give them one-time compensation according to the compensation standards, and the land will be owned by the village collective; Second, actively guide farmers to transfer land to leading enterprises and large-scale breeding households, implement large-scale operation, and farmers charge land transfer fees or lease fees; Third, gradually establish and improve rural land cooperatives, standardize operating procedures and related mechanisms, and farmers entering cities can also hand over their land to rural land cooperatives for management. Cooperatives issue land share certificates to farmers and receive dividends every year, so as to promote the intensive management of flue-cured tobacco, sericulture, modern agriculture, aquaculture and other industries in rural areas. 5. It varies from class to class and is promoted in batches. When farmers settle down in cities and towns, it is not necessary to force the whole county and town to advance, step by step, rush headlong into action, nor is it "one size fits all", giving farmers the maximum independent choice and advancing in batches. First, fully respect the wishes of farmers. Fully respect the wishes of farmers in terms of their willingness to enter the city, housing, land disposal methods, etc., and let farmers choose independently according to their own conditions. The second is to encourage farmers with economic strength and mature conditions to enter the city first, and those with immature conditions will gradually enter the city after the conditions are ripe, so as to promote farmers to enter the city in batches. Third, farmers can choose to enter county towns, market towns or village cooperatives. According to the conditions, farmers can work in cities by classification. However, no matter whether farmers choose to enter county towns or market towns, they should be subsidized according to the implementation measures to encourage farmers to live in cities and towns. (Research Group of Propaganda Department of Xunyang County Committee of Shaanxi Province: Cheng Hailin, Zhao Panqiang, Wei, Ao Zhongxun)