Requesting a 500-word essay about Jiangmen

Introduction to Jiangmen, Guangdong, the first hometown of overseas Chinese in China

Introduction

Jiangmen City was formed around the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty in the 14th century. More than 600 years of history. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the Wuyi region and the capital of the famous hometown of overseas Chinese in the country.

The urban area of ??Jiangmen is located at the confluence of the Xijiang River and its tributary, the Pengjiang River. Yandun Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River and Penglai Mountain in the north of the Yangtze River face each other like a gate, so it is named Jiangmen.

As early as the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (1368~1388 AD), a market was formed here. At the beginning of the 17th century, Jiangmen Market prospered due to commerce and gradually became a trading center in the Pearl River Delta. Most commodities from the middle and lower reaches of the Xijiang River were distributed here. In 1904, Jiangmen was opened as a foreign trade port, and Jiangmen North Street Customs was established, one of the eight major customs in Guangdong. Modern Western industry and culture were also introduced and developed. In 1925, Jiangmen was designated as a provincial city. In 1931, the city was abolished and returned to the jurisdiction of Xinhui County.

Jiangmen was liberated on October 23, 1949. In January 1951, Jiangmen was changed to a provincial city. Later, it was successively under the jurisdiction of the Central Guangdong Administrative Office, Zhaoqing District, and Foshan District. In 1983, Jiangmen City was designated as a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of the province and implemented a new system of municipal administration and county administration, with jurisdiction over seven counties: Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, Enping, Heshan, Yangjiang, and Yangchun. In 1988, Yangjiang and Yangchun were separated and Yangjiang City was established. From 1992 to 1994, five counties were successively withdrawn from counties and established as cities, and were managed by Jiangmen City. In September 2002, Xinhui City at the county level was abolished and Xinhui District of Jiangmen City was established. Men Town, Shuangshui Town, Luokeng Town, Dayao Town, and Muzhou Town are the towns where the District People's Government is stationed. Tangxia Town, Hetang Town, and Duruan Town of the former county-level Xinhui City were placed under the jurisdiction of Pengjiang, Jiangmen City. District jurisdiction.

Jiangmen City currently governs the three districts of Pengjiang, Jianghai and Xinhui and the four county-level cities of Taishan, Kaiping, Heshan and Enping. The area under its jurisdiction is commonly known as "Wuyi". The different history, the geographical connection and the people from the same clan, as well as the influence of overseas countries on Wuyi, make Jiangmen Wuyi display rich folk customs.

In 2008, the total urban built-up area of ??Jiangmen and its municipalities was 198.87 square kilometers, of which the urban built-up area of ??Jiangmen urban area (Pengjiang, Jianghai, Xinhui) was 108.62 square kilometers.

The city’s total permanent population is 4.1 million, with a population density of 405 people/square kilometer. There are 52 ethnic groups in the population, of which Han accounts for 98.66% of the total population. Among the remaining 51 ethnic minorities, Zhuang has the largest population, accounting for 60% of the ethnic minority population. "Wuyi dialect" is a branch of Cantonese and the main dialect in Wuyi area.

Jiangmen Wuyi is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in the country and has the reputation of "the first hometown of overseas Chinese in China". The number of overseas Chinese, Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who are originally from Jiangmen now totals 3.76 million, and they are distributed in 107 countries and regions in five major states around the world. Among the overseas Chinese and Chinese in Wuyi, Jiangmen, 20% are in Asia and 70% are in America.

In recent years, Jiangmen City has drawn up a blueprint, continuously increased investment in urban construction, and successively completed a number of major urban construction projects, including: East Lake Park, East Lake Plaza, Wuyi Overseas Chinese Plaza, Academician Road, Changdi Fengmeng Street, Busan Park, Yuhu Park, Sports Park, Celebrity Square, Gangzhou Square, etc., the urban functions are further improved, and the urban appearance is changing with each passing day.

When arriving in Jiangmen, the most important thing to see are the watchtowers scattered throughout the countryside and among the bamboo forests. In the open green rice fields, the winding river flows slowly, and there are watchtowers of different styles in the dense and tall bamboo forest. Each watchtower has a touching story... Looking for the watchtowers is like opening a whole book. Picture scrolls of overseas Chinese hometowns reveal scenes of historical events.

In addition to watchtowers, Jiangmen is full of landscape gardens. The latest eight scenic spots in the hometown of overseas Chinese in Jiangmen are: "East Lake Beauty" in Jiangmen East Lake Park, "Bird Paradise" in Xinhui Tianma Village, "Guifeng Pinnacle" in Xinhui Guifeng Mountain Scenic Area, Taishan Shangchuan Island Seaside Tourist Area The "Kawashima Style" in Kaiping, the "Spring Dawn in the Garden" in Tangkou Town, Kaiping, the "Wonderful Watchtowers" in Kaiping, the "Hot Spring Wonderland" in Enping, the "Shadows of Wild Geese" in the Dayan Mountain Scenic Area in Heshan, etc.

[Edit this paragraph] The historical background and reasons for the establishment of Jiangmen City

The city is for the countryside. According to the dictionary, a city is an area with concentrated population, developed industry and commerce, and mainly non-agricultural residents. It is usually the political, economic, and cultural center of surrounding areas. To study the formation and development of a city, its main contents include geographical location, natural conditions, economic and geographical conditions, and historical development. 80 years ago, Jiangmen became a provincial city from a town because of its natural and economic geographical advantages.

1. The superior natural geographical advantages have laid a good foundation for the establishment of the city.

Jiangmen is located in the south-central part of Guangdong Province, the lower reaches of the Xijiang River, and the western part of the Pearl River Delta. The Xijiang River in the Pearl River system mainly originates from the water cave at the east foot of Maxiong Mountain in Guyi County, Yunnan Province, and flows from west to east through Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi provinces. For countless years, the upper reaches of the Xijiang River carried a large amount of sediment and rolled eastward. It was deposited in the calm water between countless islands on the sea until a delta was formed. Its shape is like a replica of a human hand. With five fingers, a knife is sharpened. Gate, Niwan Gate, Hutiao Gate, Yamen and Hengmen firmly grasp the South China Sea of ??the Pacific Ocean. Jiangmen, especially in people's hands, controls the Xijiang River for five days when it goes out to sea. With the Xijiang River, Jiangmen can connect to Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau on the upper side; and on the lower side, it can reach Zhaoqing, Wuzhou, Guangxi, Xinhui, Kaiping, Enping, Yangjiang, Shuidong, Dianbai, Leizhou, Lianjiang, Zhanjiang, and Hainan Island, becoming Guangzhou. It is the western sleeping barrier of the Mansion and the transportation hub of Siyi and even western Guangdong. Therefore, Jiangmen has always been a battleground for military strategists. North Street, located 3 kilometers northeast of Jiangmen, was established in the 13th century. It is on the bank of the Xijiang River and is the gateway to Jiangmen's water and land transportation. The river here is wide and the water level near the shore is deep, which is suitable for ships with larger tonnage to berth. It is actually a natural port and has unique geographical conditions. Precisely because Jiangmen has such natural and geographical advantages, it has become a place coveted by imperialism. After the Second Opium War in 1860, imperialism extended its evil hand to the Pearl River Delta in order to intensify its economic and cultural invasion of southern China and to open more coastal and inland foreign trade ports. In the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1685), Guangdong Customs was established and a main tax port was set up in Jiangmen, commonly known as "Jiangmen Changguan". In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), according to the special funds from the "Sino-British Burmese Trade Treaty", Jiangmen became the first passenger and cargo docking station in Xijiang, and it was a branch under the jurisdiction of Sanshui. In October of the same year, Guangdong Customs established an office in Jiangmen. This was the first time that Jiangmen was designated by treaty as a small gateway for the entry of people and goods. Jiangmen also became the waterway transportation hub and commodity circulation center for foreign trade on Xijiang South Road. In order to further develop Jiangmen, a commodity distribution market and import and export commodity distribution market, into a transshipment port for imported and exported commodities and as a "bridgehead" to penetrate into Wuyi hometown of overseas Chinese and other markets in central and western Guangdong, the imperialists carried out economic development. Invasion, on the fourth day of August in the twenty-eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (i.e. September 5, 1902), the Qing government was forced to sign the "Sino-British Renewal of Commerce and Shipping Treaty" (i.e., the "Makai Treaty"), and Jiangmen was opened as a foreign trade port and Set customs accordingly. On March 7, 1904, Jiangmen Customs was formally established, and Guangdong Customs assigned the two permanent customs of Jiangmen and Ganzhu to the jurisdiction of Jiangmen Customs. The opening of the port and the establishment of Jiangmen Customs have promoted the development of water and land transportation, foreign trade and commerce in Jiangmen, allowing Jiangmen to expand its radiation and influence on Wuyi and even western Guangdong, thereby accelerating the pace of Jiangmen city construction.

2. The developed commodity economy created favorable conditions for Jiangmen to build a city.

A city is the center of commodity economic activities in a region. In a commodity economy society, it is difficult for a place to become a city by administrative means alone. It must rely on the commodity economy to develop. Although Jiangmen is not close to the coast, it can go to the sea through five gates. It is backed by the hometown of overseas Chinese in Wuyi and faces the provinces, Hong Kong and Macao. It can be called a treasured place for business.

Jiangmen’s commodity economy sprouted in the 14th century. At that time, there was a small polder market at the top of the polder in today's Pengjiang District. During the first, third, and fifth polder periods, farmers and fishermen from the neighboring four townships would bring their agricultural, sideline and fish products here for sale or exchange. Later, the polder gradually expanded to the beach. By the 16th century, it had developed into a very lively commodity distribution center with "thousands of ships gathering like ants on the riverside".

Cultural undertakings have changed due to the promotion of economic development and the influence of Western culture. Journalism, film and television entertainment, new schools, Western medicine clinics (hospitals), etc. have gradually been established from scratch. The commercialization of shopping malls has introduced cigarettes, gambling, and prostitution. When the underworld business also prospered, the underworld's power gradually expanded. According to statistics, in 1921, Jiangmen's permanent and floating population reached 70,000.

Because Jiangmen has the above-mentioned natural geographical and economic advantages, on August 6, 1925, the 21st Provincial Conference of the Guangdong Provincial Government decided to build Jiangmen Port into a provincial municipality. The establishment of Jiangmen as a city means that its political, military, economic, cultural and other statuses have been improved, and its influence and radiation on the hometown of overseas Chinese in Wuyi and even the western Guangdong region have been enhanced. Its manifestations are:

First, the political and military positions are highlighted. The establishment of Jiangmen city coincided with the first Kuomintang cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Jiangmen gradually became the center of the workers and peasants movement in Jianghui District and Wuyi. The Kuomintang, the Communist Party and various mass organizations Jiangmen was used as a political platform to carry out various political activities; warlords of various factions also sent troops to garrison, and Jiangmen was regarded as the "bridgehead blade" of Wuyi. On September 24 of the same year, Li Jishen, commander of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, He led his troops to Jiangmen and set up a military office; in the same month, the Xinhui County Farmers Association Preparatory Office held a county-wide farmers' congress in Jiangmen to implement the spirit of the first provincial farmers' congress, develop farmers' association organizations, and establish farmers' self-defense forces; 12 On March 9, the Xintai County Branch of the Guangdong Women's Liberation Association was established in Jiangmen. In mid-March 1926, the 13th Division of the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army entered Jiangmen; in early April, the Jiangmen Student Federation was established; on April 20, the Jiangmen City No. 13 Division was established. A congress was held and the first Executive Committee and Supervisory Committee of the Jiangmen City Kuomintang Party Headquarters were elected. On July 11, the Guangdong Fourth District Appeasement Committee was established in Jiangmen; in January 1927, the Siyi District of the Communist Party of China was established. The Working Committee (later changed to the Wuyi Prefectural Committee) was established in Jiangmen; in the same month, the Central Xinhui County Committee was established in Jiangmen: In March, the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army established the Wuyi Guerrilla Command in Jiangmen... Even though Jiangmen was established in February 1931. After the city was abolished on March 26, Jiangmen's political status remained intact. On March 1, the Xinhui County Government moved from Huicheng to Jiangmen, and the Kuomintang Jiangmen Party Headquarters retained its original organizational structure until 1934. District Party Headquarters. After the September 18th Incident, the Jiangmen Businessmen Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Economic Breakoff Committee and the Xinning Railway Federation of Trade Unions Anti-Japanese Association were established in Jiangmen to organize the people to carry out anti-Japanese and national salvation movements.

Second, the city appearance. The city's appearance changed rapidly. After Jiangmen was established as a city, the city hall began to formulate urban construction plans and transform the city's appearance. Starting from 1927, it carried out large-scale municipal construction of the city, opened and expanded streets, built underground sewers, and installed street lights. Buildings were built, the causeway was built, and the parks were built. The bungalows on Xinlong Street, Xinshi Street, Zenghua Street, Lianping Road, Xingning Road, Changdi, etc. were demolished, streets were expanded, and shops were built on the ground floor and upper floors along the street. 2- to 4-story residential buildings with arcades: 4- to 6-story buildings were also built on Chang'an Road. In 1928, the Municipal Promotion Committee was established and used private donations to raise more than 200,000 yuan in silver to build the fish fence (today's Zhupaitou). ) to the intersection of Juyuan, with a total length of 1.80 kilometers. At the same time, Changan Road and Diaotai Road will be continued, and 13 roads including Taiping, Tangbu Xinshi and Baoshan will be widened, with a total length of 3658. To the east of the commercial district, residential areas such as Renheli, Juehunli, Xingpingli, and Taoyuanfang have been formed. On the south bank of Jiangmen River, more than 10 residential areas such as Hongmenlou and Huaqingli have gradually formed. Most of them have plans and are relatively neat and uniform. Most of them are 2-story buildings, but there are also bungalows and a few 3-story buildings. In the early 21st year of the Republic of China, after Jiangmen was abolished as a city, the Xinhui County government moved to Jiangmen and carried out extensive construction work, demolishing houses and improving roads. . The county government established a support office to continue the construction of the Shazaiwei section of the Changdi through cooperation between the government and the neighbors. It also built the Licai, Zini, Zisha, Yangqiao, Xiangxi, Kuiwei, Canghou, Shangbu, and There are 33 roads including Pushi, Zhendong, Zhuyi, Yongan, Xinhua, Juyuan, Langu and Xinye. The road width is generally 6 to 14 meters, with asphalt or concrete pavement.

As of the eve of liberation in 1938, the town had 46 main streets with a total length of 14. 67 kilometers, of which the total area of ??traffic lanes is 128,900 square meters. Most of them are concrete pavements. However, due to long disrepair, the roads are bumpy and have poor drainage. After Jiangmen was established as a city, it underwent vigorous renovations and completely changed the old appearance of the original Jiangmen Town, and appeared in the Wuyi area with a new image.

Third, the economy has leapt to a new level. After the establishment of the city, Jiangmen's boundaries expanded and its population increased dramatically. According to statistics in 1930, Jiangmen had 15,077 households and a population of 81,874. The market is even more prosperous, and it is known as "Little Macao". At that time, transportation was developed, forming a transportation network mainly based on waterways, supplemented by railways and highways. Only 6 passenger ships operated from Jiangmen to Hong Kong every day. Jiangmen Port became the second largest inland river port in Guangdong Province after Guangzhou. In the early years of the Republic of China, despite the political turmoil, Jiangmen's business was very prosperous. Especially after it became a provincial city, merchants from all over the country came in droves, and vendors from all over the country came in an endless stream. By 1932, there were 3,000 merchants in the country. Among them, there are more than 50 companies in the silk and cloth industry, more than 60 in the department store and stationery industry, 133 companies in the hardware and electrical appliances and pigments industry, 50 companies in the sugar, tobacco, wine and tea industry, 59 in the livestock slaughtering and roasting industry, 24 in the aquatic industry, and 17 in the wine, tea and tourism industry. . Due to the gathering of merchants, active trade, and booming financial industry, the city has 5 public banks, 4 private commercial banks, more than 50 banks (money banks), more than 10 pawn shops and insurance agencies, each handling Financial services in Jiangmen, Xinhui, Gaoming, Heshan, Zhongshan and other places. In the first year of the Republic of China, the jurisdiction of Jiangmen Customs was expanded to include Guanghai, Shiqi, Yangjiang, Yamen, Shuidong, and the Three Gorges Sea; it was divided into five locations: Dianbai, Bohe, Duhu, Zhapo, and Beijinkou. However, the import and export trade was gradually declining due to the impact of the global economic crisis and Japan's intensified invasion of China. By the 25th year of the Republic of China, the import and export trade had dropped to US$1.9739 million. During the seven years when the Japanese army occupied Jiangmen from 1939 to 1945, all industries were in depression. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, various industrial and commercial industries gradually recovered and developed. Light industrial enterprises such as batteries, glass, and sugar were successively opened. Domestic commercial import and export trade, finance and insurance, cinemas and dance halls, casinos and brothels were prosperous. At that time, although Jiangmen was a small town of 30,000 people, there were no telecommunications bureaus, postal and telecommunications bureaus, navigation administration bureaus, commodity inspection bureaus, and overseas Chinese affairs bureaus; the Bank of Guangdong, the Agricultural Bank of China, the Bank of China, the Bank of Communications, and the Postal Savings and Remittance Bureau Public banks such as the Bank of China and the Central Cooperative Bank still have branches in Jiangmen, and have opened 34 waterway passenger lines, 5 highway passenger lines, and opened seaplane passenger routes to Suijiang, showing a prosperous scene. From the 37th year of the Republic of China to the eve of liberation, as the Kuomintang reactionaries lost popular support politically and were on the verge of economic collapse, Jiangmen's economic development was severely restricted. However, it was still a foreign trade port, wholesale market, transportation hub and financial center in central Guangdong. , post and telecommunications, overseas Chinese affairs center, news, medical care, entertainment and cultural undertakings still maintain its leading position.