What are the material culture residents of Thailand?

Thailand Customs

1. There are many established rules for how Thai people treat others. When friends meet, they put their hands together and exchange greetings. When the younger generation salutes their elders, they should put their hands together and raise them above their forehead, and the elders should also put their palms together and salute in return. When an older or higher-status person returns the favor, his hands do not need to be higher than his chest. When doing Namaste. The higher you raise your hands, the more respect you show.

2. Thais also kneel down and pray, but on specific occasions, civilians and noble officials must kneel down when visiting the king and the king’s close relatives. The king must kneel down when visiting the eminent monk. The son became a monk and his parents also bowed to the ground. Throwing things to others is rude. When passing by people who are sitting, bow slightly to show courtesy.

3. Thai people attach great importance to the head and believe that the head is sacred and inviolable. It is considered a great insult to touch a Thai person's head with your hands. If you hit a child on the head with your hand, you think the child will definitely get sick. It is taboo to sleep with your head facing the west, because the sunset in the west symbolizes death.

4. It is taboo to sign with a red pen, because after death, the surname is written in red pen on the coffin. Feet are considered low, so avoid stretching your feet in front of others, and don't kick things to others, otherwise it will be rude. It is taboo to kick the door with your feet, otherwise people will criticize you.

5. When sitting, it is most taboo to cross your legs. Pointing the soles of your shoes towards others is considered to be stepping on others' feet, which is an insulting behavior; women should keep their legs close together when sitting, otherwise they will be considered uneducated. Don't step on the threshold in front of Thai people, they believe that gods live under the threshold. In Thailand, men and women still abide by the commandment of not being intimate with each other, so men and women cannot be too close. Like red, yellow, taboo brown.

6. Use colors to represent days of the week. For example, red is Sunday, purple is Saturday, light blue is Friday, orange is Thursday, green is Wednesday, pink is Tuesday, and yellow is Monday.

Thailand’s culture

1. Buddhist culture;

2. Palace (royal) culture

3. Traditional culture;

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4. Shemale culture.

Ethnic characteristics

Thailand is a multi-ethnic country with a population of 63 million, mainly including Thai, Chinese, Lao, Malay, Khmer, and Karen, Mon, Miao and other mountainous ethnic minorities. Among them, the Thai people account for 82% of the country's total population, the Chinese account for 12%, the Malays account for 5.2%, and the Lao people account for 1.4%. Since foreign immigrants have a relatively deep integration with Thai society, they are generally regarded as Thais.

What are the Chinese living in Thailand like? Where did they all come from?

In terms of blood, the Thais refer to the Little Thais among the Thai people, or the Siamese Thai people. In the local culture, the Thais are a cultural nation, coming from Yunnan and Guangxi in China. It was formed after the ancient Thais immigrated and merged with the local Mon-Khmer indigenous people. In modern times, many Han immigrants from China's southeastern coastal areas have integrated. The Little Thai people actually came to Thailand in the tenth century. Before that, this place was actually the territory of the Mongolian people. In the twelfth century, the small Thai people established the Sukhothai Kingdom. Generally speaking, we believe that the Tai people once lived in western Guangdong, from Guangxi to Yunnan. During the Qin Dynasty, after conquering the land of Baiyue in the south, he went south to Southeast Asia, and then established Meng in Myanmar, Laos, and northwest Vietnam.

After Thailand, the country with the second largest Thai population is the United States. Many Thai people have also immigrated to Laos, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, Myanmar, the United Kingdom, Australia, Sweden, Norway, Libya and the United Arab Emirates. In different historical periods, we can see incidents of Chinese people being persecuted in other countries or regions. Such things have also happened in Thailand. Because of the "Red Scare" in 1970, many overseas Chinese in Thailand were assimilated into Thais. However, due to the influence of Teochew dialect, their pronunciation is somewhat biased towards Teochew accent, and their pronunciation is very different from that of Siamese. Nowadays, only older Thai overseas Chinese can speak Chinese. In Bangkok, it is actually possible to communicate in Teochew dialect. After the 18th century, Teochew dialect has become the main language of communication in the local business community.

As early as more than 500,000 to more than 1 million years ago, Paleolithic artifacts have been discovered in southern Thailand, and fossils of Lampang Man have also been found in northern Thailand. Thai rock paintings were also discovered 10,000 years ago. Five thousand years ago, Thailand already had a bronze civilization, namely Banqing. Some scholars believe that these civilizations were introduced from China, while others believe that they were formed due to the natural development of Southeast Asia. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Thai people already lived in China, living from Yunnan to Assam.

Thailand is a country where absolute monarchy is sanctified, and civilians are not allowed to approach the king. Until now, Thai people still respect the royal family very much. From the 17th to the 18th century, Thailand was a powerful country in Southeast Asia and often traded with Europe. Thai culture at that time was greatly influenced by China and India. Then the Qing-Burmese War broke out, and then the Bangkok Dynasty (known as the Cree Dynasty in history) was born. This is the Thai royal family that continues to this day. In June 1932, a bloodless revolution occurred in Thailand. The reigning king at that time was Rama VII, and Siam became a constitutional monarchy. In 1939, Siam was renamed Thailand.

It can be said that the largest ethnic group in Thailand is the Chinese, because Thailand is one of the countries with the largest number of Chinese. Official statistics say that the Chinese account for 14% of the total population in Thailand. However, there are also opinions among the people that the Chinese account for 14% of the total population in Thailand. The ratio is at least 40%, but this theory has not been tested. At the end of the 17th century, the overseas Chinese population in Thailand was about 10,000, accounting for about 10% of the total population at that time. Most of the overseas Chinese in Thailand at that time came from the commercial ports of Fujian and Guangdong and were business immigrants. Because the Chinese have always been good at doing business.

In the 17th century, when the Japanese lost power in the royal city of Ayue Tuo, the Chinese took advantage of the opportunity and quickly took advantage of the Thai king's deep interest in trade. They became royal trade agents and gained the Thai king's trust and various services. Special rights, so when European businessmen competed in the Thai market, the Chinese had a clear advantage. As economic development accelerated in the 1850s, so did the pace of Chinese immigration. In the first half of the 19th century, Chinese businessmen flooded into Thailand seasonally. Later in the second half of the year an organized pre-paid ferry service emerged, and passengers flocked to Thailand as laborers. By the end of the 19th century, Chinese people had spread all over the country. A survey by American scholar Professor Skinner pointed out that in 1955, the Chinese population in Thailand was 2.315 million, accounting for 11.3% of the total population.

The overseas Chinese immigrants in Thailand can be divided into five major categories: business, reclamation, livelihood, technology, and anti-Qing. Starting from the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Chinese were involved in the Siamese envoys to China. They first appeared as generals, such as Li Qing in the fifth year of Hongwu. In the fourteenth year of Hongwu, Chen Ziren appeared as a tribute envoy. . These Chinese have lived in Thailand for many years and are good at the Siamese language. In the 16th century, Western influence began to penetrate Southeast Asia.

But at that time, the Chinese in Thailand had already established a solid strength. There was a Chinese pirate Lin Daoqian and his entourage who fled from south to north to Pattani in order to avoid the pursuit of officers and soldiers, and even married the local queen. Pattani gradually developed into a Chinese settlement. Overseas Chinese in Thailand are a very important economic pillar in Thailand. Many large enterprises were founded by Chinese. During the Qing Dynasty, many Chinese businessmen entered Thailand and integrated into the local area. After the Second World War, these overseas Chinese in Thailand gradually took control of Thailand's economic lifeline, and because of this, anti-Chinese sentiment appeared in the local area

So in order to protect themselves, the overseas Chinese in Thailand at that time took the initiative to use Thai characters were used as their new surnames, and this incident became known as the name change movement. Historically, there were also prime ministers in Thailand who were overseas Chinese, but they all used their Thai names instead of Chinese names. For example, Thailand's 20th Prime Minister Chuan, 23rd Prime Minister Thaksin and 25th Prime Minister Samak are all Thai overseas Chinese and have their own Chinese names, but they can only use Thai names to introduce themselves during their tenure. By the 1990s, local TV stations often organized programs to emphasize the role of overseas Chinese in Thailand to the local area, and also emphasized that overseas Chinese in Thailand were Thais like other ethnic groups.

Nowadays, overseas Chinese in Thailand mainly live in coastal areas of Thailand, such as Bangkok or Samut Prakan. Both Thailand's economy and academia have Chinese influence. After the war, Thailand's assimilation policy was promoted, and the main methods were to restrict new immigrants and relax the conditions for naturalization. In terms of weddings and living customs, Thai-Chinese intermarriage is very common. Marriage customs, naming, food, and clothing are all more local. In terms of religious beliefs, most Chinese who believe in Buddhism believe in Theravada Buddhism. Under the influence of Western culture, many Chinese have begun to believe in Christianity. Nowadays, overseas Chinese in Thailand still celebrate the Lunar New Year, Qingming Festival, and Mid-Autumn Festival just like us.

The largest overseas Chinese community in Thailand is now Phuket. During the Nine Princes Festival, a grand fasting day will be held. They will eat vegetarian food for about 3 to 9 days and go to the Nine Princes Temple to worship. Thanks to the unremitting efforts of generations of local overseas Chinese, and with the increasing development of China, Chinese education has taken root in Thailand, and learning Chinese has become a new fashion, with an increasing proportion of students in Chinese schools in Thailand. Chonghua Xinsheng Huali School, located in Chiang Mai, Thailand, has a history of 107 years. There is a seven-meter-high statue of Confucius in the school and a room called "Xianxian Hall". It is now the largest Chinese school in northern Thailand. School.

The important economic role of overseas Chinese in Thailand is mainly reflected in commerce, finance, sugar production, transportation, textiles and agricultural product processing. Some people even believe that Chinese people control more than 60% of Thailand’s financial institutions. The economy of Taihua mainly has the following characteristics:

1. Chaoshan people are the most powerful in the Chinese economy

2. The rise of Chinese enterprise groups, the expansion of enterprise scale, and the diversification of operations ization and transnationalization.

3. Thailand and China have a high degree of economic integration.

4. Cooperation between government and business. Chinese capital usually forms alliances with powerful Thai people through marriage or appointment. We can see that overseas Chinese have become the mainstay of Thailand's development.