Key figures in the new world information order

194 1 was born in an officer's family in Helsinki. During World War II, Helsinki was the battlefield of various forces such as the Soviet Union, the Red Army and the White Army, and it became the front line of the ideological war between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. From this chaotic and conflicting environment, Norton stearns learned from an early age that dialogue and communication are always better than war.

Norton stearns is active by nature, and Finland with a small population also provides him with such an active stage. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, when he was still in middle school, he had produced 25 radio reports for Finnish radio stations. When he was a freshman, he went to Switzerland alone to interview Jung, a master of psychology. This is Jung's last interview. While in college, Norton stearns began to take charge of the youth program of Finnish Broadcasting Corporation. From 65438 to 0963, Norton Stern received a bachelor's degree. In this year, he attended the first international communication conference on behalf of the Finnish Broadcasting Corporation, which was the beginning of his contact with communication.

What led him to turn to the left-wing thought was the study abroad life in the United States. From 65438 to 0966, Norton stearns went to the University of Illinois to study. The University of Illinois has always been the home base of American left-wing communication scholars. Dallas W. Smythe and Herbert I. Schiller, representatives of the School of Political Economics, both taught here. It was in the 1960s and 1970s that with the development of anti-Vietnam War, campus riots, black civil rights and feminist movements, the school of communication criticism began to be established in the United States. Norton Stearns participated in a series of social movements in the United States. Norton Stearns, a liberal before going to the United States, 1967 was called "* * * producer" by the Finnish extreme right after returning to China.

After returning from the United States, Norton stearns worked as the head of the policy planning department at the Finnish Broadcasting Corporation. At that time, many young radical journalists gathered around the leftist president of the Finnish Broadcasting Corporation, and they put forward a distinct view, that is, the "information program policy". In essence, this policy advocates democracy and opposes commercialization and ideological control. At this time, the study of communication in Finland has not yet begun. When studying in North America, Norton stearns interviewed famous communication scholars such as lasswell, Barzen and McLuhan. 1968 Norton stern published the article "criticism of American communication", in which he believed that American communication was only prosperous in quantity, but not high in quality. He also believes that the reason for this situation lies in the lack of critical voices. [4] From a global perspective, this article by Norton stearns, together with articles by Schiller and Smythe in this period, belongs to the earliest voice of the critical school; From Finland's own point of view, this is the pioneering work of Finnish communication. From the beginning, the critical school has occupied the dominant position in Finland's communication field.

From 65438 to 0970, the Finnish National Commission for UNESCO and the Finnish Broadcasting Corporation held a Hanko round table to discuss the trend of Finnish media policy. The talks held that at that time, the media in various countries were either subordinate to political power or subordinate to economic interests, and both systems were obstacles to the realization of democracy. Therefore, this round table talks called for the liberation of the media from the control of ideology and consumerism. This is closely related to the "information program policy" proposed by Finnish Broadcasting Corporation. Norton Stern said: "Schiller, Smythe and most other critical scholars observe in the academic ivory tower, but my Finnish colleagues and I can plan media policies with decision makers, and we can even become decision makers ourselves." [v] Finland has a unique tradition of close interaction between academia, industry and politics, which makes it easier for academic ideas to be implemented in policies and leads to a balance between theory and practice in Finland's early media policies.

1969, the Department of Mass Communication of Tampere University has set up a degree system for training radio and television journalists. Norton Stearns, 28, finally defeated another 54-year-old candidate and won the chair with 197 1. He gave up his job at Finnish Broadcasting Corporation and became the youngest professor in Finland. With the help of the new platform, Norton stearns is more active in academic circles. 1974, the Finnish mass communication research association was established, and Norton Stern was one of the founders.

Norton stearns also became the vice chairman of the International Association for the Study of Mass Communication at 1972. 1976 he accepted a more controversial position-chairman of the international journalists association. The International Journalists Association is mainly a journalist organization in socialist countries such as the Soviet Union and third world countries. Choosing a person from a western country as the chairman is intended to dispel the popular view that the Soviet Union controls the world's largest journalist organization. Officially, Norton stearns reached his peak in 1976 when he was only 35 years old. These positions in academic circles and industry organizations laid his position and organizational foundation for leading and participating in the new world information dissemination order. Among them, Norton stearns himself participated in the Manifesto of Mass Media and McBride Round Table Talks from beginning to end.