18 13 The gladstone Treaty enabled the Russian Empire to control Persian territory in the Caucasus. What happened? Can you explain it briefly? thank you

The Tsar's plan to go south will not only carve up Turkey, but also occupy Iran, which will be its investment place, commodity market and raw material supply place, and regard Iran as an important step to set foot in the Persian Gulf, control the Indian Ocean, seize British colony India and realize world hegemony. Tsarist Russia invaded Iran for the first time in the era of Peter the Great. 1722 In August, Peter I personally commanded the Russian army to attack the territory from Talke to Shahmhar, then occupied Baku and advanced to the Iranian border. 1723, Iran was forced to sign a peace treaty in Petersburg, ceding the entire Caspian Sea coast, Derbint, Baku, Ji Liang, Mazandaran and astrakhan provinces to Russia. From the end of 18 to the beginning of 19, western powers such as Russia, Britain and France stepped up their competition for Iran, which gradually reduced Iran to a semi-colony.

/kloc-at the end of 0/800, Tsar Paul I and French Napoleon reached an agreement, and Russia and France jointly marched into India via Iran. 180 1 At the beginning of the year, the Tsar sent 225,000 Tangcossack troops to March into Iran and occupy Georgia. After Alexander I succeeded to the throne, he continued to send troops to invade Iran and capture many places south of the Caucasus mountains. 18 13 10 In June, Iran was forced to sign the Gulistan Treaty, which enabled Russia to acquire a large area of land belonging to Iran south of the Caucasus Mountains and to obtain various privileges in Iran.

1826, Tsar Nicholas I sent troops to occupy the Gokcha area near Sefan Lake in Iran, and unreasonably demanded that Iran give up Kafan in exchange for Russian withdrawal. This was rejected by Iran. As a result, Russia once again launched a war against Iran. 1828 In February, Iran was forced to sign the Treaty of Turkmenistan and a special trade treaty. According to this treaty, Russia seized two more Iranian provinces, Iran paid Russia 2 million pounds in compensation, banned Iranian ships from sailing in the territorial waters along the Caspian Sea, and Russia set up consulates in major Iranian cities and enjoyed political and economic privileges such as extraterritorial jurisdiction. As Engels said: "The Treaty of Turkmenistan made it (referring to Iran) a vassal state of Russia." Marx also pointed out: "Russia ... gained as much territory in Persia as Britain."

The signing of the Treaty of Turkmenistan greatly strengthened Russia's aggression in Iran, and seriously hindered Britain from seizing Iran's aggression. In order to fight back, on the one hand, Britain encouraged Iran to resist Russian expansion, on the other hand, it forced Iran to sign a enslaved treaty with Britain in 184 1 year. 19 At the end of the 20th century, Iran was divided between Britain and Russia. Iran's succession to the throne should be decided by Russia, and the rulers of the northern provinces should be appointed from among those whom the Russian government likes; In the south, British officials give orders like rulers. Subsequently, the emerging German imperialism also began to intervene in the Middle East. Since then, Britain, Russia and Germany have stepped up their plunder and partition of Iran, further deepening its semi-colonization.