The Development Course of Ice and Snow Culture in Harbin

China has a long history of 5,000 years. In ancient China, there were poems about snow, as well as ice and snow culture. With the development of society, our understanding of ice and snow culture is further deepened. Therefore, I will introduce Harbin, which first proposed the ice and snow culture, and see what the ice and snow culture of Harbin culture is like.

The word "ice and snow culture" in China first appeared in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and was first put forward by Harbin, the birthplace of modern ice and snow culture in China.

The concept of ice and snow culture has broad sense and narrow sense. In a broad sense, the ice and snow culture refers to the material and spiritual productivity that human beings have acquired in the process of social practice in the ice and snow natural environment, and the sum of the material wealth and spiritual wealth created with ice and snow as the content, including diet, clothing, architecture, transportation, fishing and hunting, sports, art, folk customs, economy and trade, literature, tourism, cultural education, cultural research, cultural exhibitions, news reports, etc. In a narrow sense, ice and snow culture refers to spiritual wealth such as sports, art, literature, tourism, science and technology.

Harbin can take the lead in developing modern ice and snow culture in China because of its superior natural conditions, special urban history and unique ice and snow cultural accumulation.

First, superior natural conditions.

1. The climate is cold and the winter is long. The average daily temperature in Harbin is below 0℃, accounting for more than 45% of the days in the whole year. 65438+ 10 monthly average temperature-19.4℃, about 180 days in winter.

2. The snow and ice are abundant and the mountains are rolling. In winter in Harbin, the cold river is frozen and the snow is all over the earth, which creates conditions for carrying out ice and snow sports and making ice lantern snow sculpture. Surrounded by rolling mountains, it used to be a good place to hunt in winter, but now it is an ideal place to build a ski resort.

3. Excellent geographical location and convenient transportation. Harbin, located in the center of Northeast Asia, is the hub of Eurasian continental bridge and air corridor, with convenient railway, highway and air transportation. It is the largest center of people flow, logistics and information flow in Northeast China, the window and frontier of economic and trade exchanges with Russia, and an important gateway for China to communicate with Northeast Asia.

4. Strong industrial base. Harbin is an old industrial base in China with a solid industrial base. It is the center of science and technology, culture and education in the province, with strong competitiveness in talents and science and technology.

Second, rich cultural accumulation.

Harbin is an immigrant city, an open city and an international city in history. It is closely related to foreign trade and economic cooperation, with a high degree of economic regionalization and humanistic internationalization, and is a meeting place of many cultures. People of all ethnic groups living here are tolerant of each other, live in harmony, learn from each other, work hand in hand, make full use of existing conditions with smart talents and hard-working hands, constantly create new conditions, learn from advanced ice and snow cultures from other places and even foreign countries with an open mind, actively improve their living environment and working environment, and gradually change from being afraid of, disgusted with and avoiding ice and snow to loving, loving and using ice and snow. In the process of gradually adapting to the natural environment of ice and snow, they created the combination of north and south.

From Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Manchu ancestors Su Shen, Drum Tower and Mohong, who lived in Harbin and Heilongjiang, created an ancient ice and snow culture in order to survive and develop in a cold and snowy environment.

/kloc-in the middle of the 0/0 century, jurchen who settled in the Ashe River valley in Harbin began to build houses on the ground, and the ice and snow architecture culture developed.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 2nd century, Jurchen migrated from the Central Plains to Heilongjiang after the establishment of the Jin State in Huining County, which made the jurchen ice and snow culture in Harbin collide with the Han ice and snow culture in the Central Plains for the first time. Yan Hongliang, the fourth emperor of the Jin Dynasty, who was born in the Ashe River valley, would write, "... six magical flowers are flying and rolling, covering the hills and valleys in the mountains. Hu Hao is crazy, Surin is rampant, and the string of pearls is broken ... "This magnificent and unrestrained word" Nian Nu Jiao Xue "is precisely because he received a good cultural education in China since he was a child. During 140 years after the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), the Qing court organized a flag movement to reclaim Heilongjiang, Harbin and surrounding counties. 1860, the Qing court lifted the ban in Northeast China, and a large number of Han refugees came to Heilongjiang to make a living. Many refugees from Shandong and Hebei came to Harbin. These two immigration waves in Qing Dynasty brought the ice and snow cultures of Manchu and Han nationality in Beijing to Harbin, where the ice and snow cultures of Manchu and other ethnic minorities were further integrated.

1898 after the construction of the middle east railway, there was a wave of foreign immigrants in Harbin, and expatriates from 33 countries moved to Harbin. 19 countries set up consulates in Harbin. For more than a decade, the proportion of migrants, especially Russians, has exceeded half of the total urban population. The tide of immigrants will spread European ice and snow sports, such as skating, skiing, sledding and ice sailing, mainly from Russia, to Harbin, and European ice and snow architecture culture and costume culture will also be integrated into Harbin's ice and snow culture.