Nangong in Literature and History —— A Brief Analysis of the Relationship between Nangong City and Nangong County in Zhou Lu

Zhang

The name of Nangong County comes from the surname of Nangong, which is almost well-known common sense in Nangong, and there are many historical materials to support it. However, there are two Nangong cities in history. One is Nangong City at the end of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, called Zhounangong. The other is Nangong Stone in Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, also called Lunong Palace. Two Nangong Stones share the same name. Who is related to the name of Nangong County? But there are different views. "Being born under the Millennium has been difficult to explain thousands of years ago." (Introduction to Book Classics) Although the author holds the opinion of the Lord Zhou, because of his shallow knowledge and lack of information, he dare not discuss the right and wrong of the Lord Lu, but talk about the fruits of speculation in order to enlighten him as soon as possible.

From the perspective of modern people, it is obvious which is more important: one is the founding father who left his name in the official history of rule of virtue, and the other is the aristocratic children who are occasionally mentioned in various schools of literature.

Zhou Nangong is the earliest Nangong celebrity in literature. He experienced Zhou Wenwang, King Wu and King Cheng III. Assisting Zhou Wang and his son in the rise and fall of Zhou Wang's important counselors, generals and founding fathers, they enjoyed the privilege of splitting the land and sealing the country.

"San Yisheng, Nangong Shi and Yao Hong sued the squire for studying." "Seeing that all three sons are sages, the squire decided to drink and cut his chest. Besides learning from the teacher, he became friends." "After seeing Wang Wen in Youli, Yu Sanzi turned to be polite. Ancient place names), offering treasures to avoid (pardon) Wang Wen. ""King Wen takes Yao Hong, King Tai Gong, Nan Gong's family and Sansheng as four friends. "(Biography of Shangshu: Biography of Yin Xibe) shows that the Nangong is suitable for the close relationship between King Wen and him.

During the reign of King Wu, the Southern Communist Party was an important basis for Zhou Wuwang to destroy business. At the pledging mobilization meeting before the attack, King Wu argued that "the name of Zhou Wang" had attracted hundreds of millions of foreigners to leave Germany. Give ten people who are chaotic ministers (chaotic ministers refer to people who are good at governing the country), with one heart and one mind. Although there are relatives in the week, it is better to be kind. "(Shang Zhou Shu Shu Tai Shi Zhong) to the effect that there are many people in Zhou Wang, but they are separated from Germany; Although I can only rule the country with ten ministers, I am of one mind and one mind. Zhou Wang has many close relatives, but they are not as popular as me. The "ten ministers" mentioned here are ten ministers including Nangong Shi. After the demise of the Shang Dynasty, the King of Wu "made the Nangong spread the wealth of Broutee and sent the millet of the giant bridge to shake the poor and weak. "I ordered Nangong Shi and Shiyi to exhibit Jiuding Precious Jade." (Historical Records Zhou Benji IV) as a sign of being honest and caring for the people. In summing up the experience of destroying the Shang Dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Regent Zhou Gongdan more fully affirmed the contributions of Nangong Shi and others. He said: the reason why King Wen can inherit the great unity is that he is self-denying and self-respecting, and he is in harmony with Xia. "If you are an uncle, if you die, if you are scattered, if you are suitable for life, if you are too safe, if you are suitable for the Nangong", "If you are four people, you can show the king of Wu." Without these good ministers and generals, King Wen had little chance to hand over his virtues to the people of China. ("Shangshu Zhou Shujun's Righteousness") So the Analects of Confucius deals with this matter and says: "There are eight scholars in Zhou: Boda,,, Zhonghu, Uncle Night, Uncle Xia, Ji Sui, Ji? "(Sound Melon)" is Nangong Stone. Ban Biao, a historian and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, used Nangong scholars and other sages as examples to illustrate the truth that people close to Zhu Zhechi are black. "When you became a king, you were an obedient son, and when you became a duke of Zhou, a duke of Shao, and a great historian, when you entered, you were too upset and died. The Nangong stone room was suitable for life. There are no offenders before and after. Therefore, when you become king, you are on the throne and the world is at peace. " (The Biography of Ban Biao in the Later Han Dynasty) It can be seen that in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Nan Zhou was the first official in the world, with both ability and political integrity, prominent position, loyalty to the monarch and love for the people. It is possible that Nan Zhou fought in the territory of the Nangong during the negotiation, or that the territory of the Nangong was sealed after the Shang Dynasty destroyed it, so it is natural to name the counties after their surnames.

Lunan Palace is different. He is a celebrity of Nangong family who gradually became popular with the popularization of Confucius. Lu Nangong, an aristocrat of Lu, is a descendant of the former monarch of Lu and a member of the "Sanhuan" aristocratic family. A disciple of Confucius, one of the 72 sages.

Nangong's family or Nangong's family, Ji's family, Nangong's family, or Shuo's family, posthumous title Jing, ranked as an uncle, is the son of Meng Nuozi and the younger brother of Meng.

Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", Confucius' theory has changed the unfortunate fate of hitting a wall everywhere and having nowhere to see, and its popularity and influence have soared, with unlimited scenery. In the twenty-seventh year of Tang Kaiyuan (739), Xuanzong declared that "Confucius, though a saint, can be called King Wenxuan ... gave it to his disciples"? From then on, Confucius was officially called "King Wenxuan" and was posthumously given to his disciples, Marquis and marquis, and the Nangong was named "Tan Bo" (Tan Guo was in southern Shandong in the Spring and Autumn Period). Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu was in the second year (1009) (Song Liba), Dazhong Xiangfu was in the fifth year (1kloc-0/2) (Song Zhenzong III), and Confucius changed his name to "the most holy king of literature". In the second year, Dazhong Xiangfu changed his country name. From the first year to Dayuan (1308), Confucius was renamed "King Dacheng" (the 27th Festival of Yuan Zhen), and in the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1530), King Ba and Confucius were also called "teachers", and Confucius was called "the most holy teacher". (Li Mingshi IV) Because of it, Nangong was renamed "Saint Nangongzi". This is behind the Lunong Palace, but its contemporary affairs are far from so beautiful that few people can praise it.

In literature, Nangong scholars' most outstanding contributions to Confucius are Kong Xiangzhou City and Lao Dan. In this respect, Historical Records of the Confucius Family and Confucian Family Language and Zhou Guan are the most detailed records. Confucius said to Nangong Poetry: "I heard that Lao Dan and Bo Gu know the present, the source of rites and music, and the return of virtue, so my teacher is gone." Would you like to go with me? It is Confucius' long-cherished wish to ask for a gift from Zhou, and Nangong poetry understands this very well. Therefore, he did not hesitate to promise the teacher's "help" with the words "sincerely order" and made a positive push. He personally went to Lu Guojun for help.

"Today, Confucius will be suitable for the week, see the legacy of the first king, take an examination of the music, and do great things! Do you want to use it? Please come with me. " Nangong Stone said very seriously: Now Confucius will go to Zhou State to see the system left by the late king and inspect the height of rites and music. This is a great cause! Why don't you provide a car to support him? I asked to go with him. At Nangong Stone's insistence, lujun agreed to his request, "Take Confucius for a ride and two horses to serve the emperor." Uncle Jing is with everyone. "The Nangong scholar and Confucius went to Zhou State together. The effect of this learning ceremony is very good. "Historical Records Confucius Family" records: "Confucius rose up against Lu, and his disciples have benefited little since Zhou." "Confucius Family Language Zhou Guan" recorded in more detail, saying: "From Zhou to Lu, Tao is respected. The entrance of disciples from afar covers 3 thousand miles. "After returning to Lu from Zhou, Confucius' method was more respected. About 3000 people came from afar to learn from him, which shows that the effect is good. It can be seen that Lunong Palace is a person who has made outstanding contributions to the development of Confucius.

Confucius also spoke highly of the performances of Nangong Poetry. "Son predicate south capacity,' state Youdao, don't waste; If the country has no choice, it will be exempted from punishment. "Marry his brother's son." (The Analects of Confucius, Gongye Chang) Nanrong here is Nangong clothing. When the national government is clear, hire him and don't abandon him; When the national politics is dark, he can avoid being punished. Because of this evaluation, Confucius married his brother's daughter. Although historians have different views on this, some people think that Confucius is not qualified to make such a choice at this time. But this reveals an attitude after all.

Once, Nangong poem asked Confucius, "You are good at shooting, aren't you?" No ship can die. Yu Ji bowed down and won the world. Confucius excitedly commented on the thought of Nangong Poetry: "A gentleman is like a man! Suntech is like a human being! "("The Analects of Confucius ") What a gentleman this person is! This man is really a man who advocates morality! This fully shows Confucius' love and appreciation for people who communicate with his own thoughts. There are only three descriptions of Lunong Palace in The Analects of Confucius, namely, being in Gongye Chang, being advanced and being virtuous. According to the examination, there are 3,000 disciples of Confucius and 72 sages, among which 27 are in The Analects, and 22 of them can really pass the examination. Although there are only three descriptions of Nangong Poetry, it is not reluctant to be included in the list of sages. However, taking the county as the surname has a sense of reality.

The ancients were very particular about good or bad omen. A student named Teacher Xue, a famous county, has been wandering outside all his life. Can it bring benefits to the county?

Confucius (55 BC1~ 479 BC) was named Zhong Ni and lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He is a great thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the history of China. He was honored by later rulers as Confucius' saint, the most holy teacher and the teacher of all ages. He was selected as the top of UNESCO's "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World", and was called the "Four Saints" who created world culture together with Muhammad, Jesus and Sakyamuni. His thoughts and theories have played an important and positive role in promoting the formation and development of China society, influenced the historical process of China for more than 2,000 years, and become an important part of China culture and Chinese national spirit. Some people even say that Confucius unified China. If Confucius hadn't traveled around the world to spread culture and educate the whole people, and Confucianism hadn't standardized China people's thoughts, China would probably have been divided into more than a dozen countries, big and small, like Europe, and there would not be a unified Chinese nation. It should be said that these evaluations are realistic and very fair. But there is a fact, we must admit that these comments on Confucius are at least hundreds or even thousands of years after his death, at least after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone". Prior to this, his political ideas and theories did not have the opportunity to "govern the people with the help of the code." I'm afraid it will take more than half a century to establish Nangong County. As Professor Li Ling of Peking University said in The Analects of Confucius: "Since the Han Dynasty or the Song Dynasty, Confucius worshipped by everyone is an artificial Confucius. Now Confucius is even more fake and can't be fake. " "When Confucius was alive, he was not a king, a Hou, or a saint." "Emperors of all ages praised him. The higher they hold, the more fake they are. " "During the Warring States Period and the Qin Dynasty, Confucius was an ordinary person. Although he is famous, he is just one of many scholars and critics. He never dreamed that he would get rich. " (Shanxi People's Publishing House September 2011-13) I think this evaluation is very consistent with historical materialism.

In the history of China's civilization of more than two thousand years, Confucius was the loneliest person before his death, and the most lively person after his death was undoubtedly Confucius. Before Confucius died, his political views were not only not recognized by the rulers of various vassal States, but also ridiculed by those who had different social ideals and political views. The failure of Sandu completely ended his political journey, and he had to leave Shandong to travel around the world. He has been to Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, Chu and other countries for fourteen years, and has gone through hardships, but he has never been able to do so. Wherever they went, some were respectful, some simply looked at each other coldly, and some even monitored the siege. The perched Mayfly is like a "lost dog". Chu Kuang (a hermit of Chu State) refused to see him; Long Ju and Jie Shui (two plowmen) laughed at him for avoiding the bad guys and not giving him directions. He Guo, an ancient bamboo farming tool, was scolded by his father-in-law as "four bodies are not diligent, and the grain is not divided" and refused to eat (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Zi). Even his closest students, such as Luz, sometimes can't help complaining that he is pedantic and can't change (The Analects of Lutz). It was not until nearly 400 years after the death of Confucius that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" that Confucianism became a prominent school and began to occupy an orthodox position in ancient China society and become the mainstream of culture. At this time, Confucius, who was neglected before his death, became the master of literate Sect, and "words" became "classics" and "deeds" became "models". Idols enter the Confucius Temple and enjoy incense. Just think, before this, why should people respect Confucius? Not to mention his students?

The ideology and politics in the early Han Dynasty were quite different from the imperial culture afterwards. At this time, Confucius' Confucianism has not yet achieved orthodox status, and Huang Lao's skill is in full swing. Liu Bang, an emperor who worships the theory of Huang Lao, how could he name his county after a heresy?

Marx and Engels clearly pointed out in the book "German Ideology" that "the thought of the ruling class is the ruling thought of every era." To put it more clearly, that is to say, the thoughts of the rulers should be the dominant thoughts. Following this line of thought, who should embody the idea of setting up counties in the early Han Dynasty? Answered that Liu Bang should not make a big mistake. So, what is the thought of the supreme ruler of Zuowei Liu? "Pei Gong is not good at Confucianism" is a sentence in the Historical Records of Sima Qian, the Taishi Gong. According to the biographies of Lu Jia, a historian, "Lu Sheng always said that he was called a poem and a book, but Emperor Gao scolded him and said,' I got it from the public house right away, so I can do a poem and a book? ""This is an example of Liu Bang's bad Confucianism. In fact, he is not only bad, but also disgusting. "Guest crown (verb, wear) Confucian crown, often need to solve its crown, drowning (sound, urine) among them. When talking to people, you often curse, but you can't talk to Confucian scholars. " Therefore, if Confucian scholars want to be summoned by Liu Bang, they must get rid of Confucianism. "Sun Shu knows Confucianism, and Hanwang hates it; And change its clothes, take short clothes, Chu system, Xi. " ("Historical Records Liu Shujing Sun Tonglie Biography")

Liu Bang, who grew up in the era of "burning books and burying Confucianism", may have been caused by the war-"Before the Western Zhou Dynasty, there is no need to say anything. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, China really experienced a long war of 500 years (Lv Simian's History of China, China Overseas Chinese Publishing House, 20 12, p. 99), and the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty and the dispute between Chu and Han were even longer; It may also be influenced by the wind-creatures who breathe in the long war "all want to rest and do nothing" (Biography of Historical Records and Lv Hou); It may also be infiltrated by traditional academic thoughts in my hometown-Pei is one of the areas with strong Taoist thoughts. According to Zhuangzi, Lao Tzu once lived in Pei. After Liu Bang ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, his idea of governing the country naturally chose the road of self-cultivation and affluent life of quietism. And "the grass is the phase, doing nothing, obeying the will of the people and not disturbing" (Historical Records Biography of Food Goods) better implemented Liu Bang's thought. In this regard, experts and scholars also have * * * theory.

"The politics of Qin and Han Dynasties were consistent, and it is well known that Han and Chu advocated Huang Lao ..." (Guo Moruo's Study on Ancient Society in China (Volume II), Hebei Education Press, 2000)

"After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, ideological rule was temporarily weakened. In the Han Dynasty and the governments of local kingdoms ... the Huang-Lao School played a practical political guiding role. " (As the History of China's Philosophy, Volume II, p. 10)

"After the reunification of the Han Dynasty, it still dealt a blow to the old Qin in terms of system and law, but it chose Taoism in terms of political spirit and principle, that is, the so-called' technique of Huang Lao'." Dou Shi, the empress dowager of Jingdi, was also elegant in this way, so that Jingdi, his prince and Doudou had to read Huangdi Laozi to respect his skills. (Fu Lecheng's Collection of History of Han and Tang Dynasties, Taiwan Province Lianjing Publishing Company, 2006, pp. 465-438 +0 and 40).

"In the early Han Dynasty, from Hui Di to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, for about 70 years, Huang Lao thought has always been the guiding ideology of politics and occupied a dominant position in society." (Jin's History of Han Dynasty Thought, China Social Sciences Press, 1987, p. 2 1 p.)

Imagine, under such a social background, is it realistic for Liu Bang, who believes in Huang Lao's "bad Confucianism", to use the name of a Confucian figure?

It seems to be more in line with the historical truth to analyze and speculate along the direction of Historical Records and draw the conclusion that Zhou Nan Palace is a famous county.

There are few historical documents about the naming reason and exact time of Nangong County. These important geographical documents, such as Records of Geography in Han Dynasty, Records of Yuanhe County by Li Jifu in Tang Dynasty, Records of Taiping by Song Yueshi, Records of Ji Sheng by Song Wangxiang, Records of Reading History by Gu Zuyu, Historical Geography Evolution Table by Chen and Records of Jifu in Qing Dynasty, are not recorded in detail. For example, Geography of Hanshu only records: "Nangong, Mangyue is in the order". The Road Map of Yuanhe County in the Tang Dynasty records: "Nangong County ... the old county of the Han Dynasty belongs to the country of trust capital". "Taiping Yuhuan Ji" in the Song Dynasty said: "Nangong County ... the old county of Benhan. Han Shu said: "In the first year of Gaohou, Zhang Aoziyan (actually bought by mistake) was named Nangong Hou." This is the city. Geography, Nangong is the capital city. In the Qing Dynasty, "Ji Fu Tong Zhi" recorded: "Nangong, Mangyue preface. Now Nangong County, Jizhou ". None of them have anything to do with Nangong.

However, the statements about Nangong County in the Annals of Nangong County in the past dynasties are updated page by page and tend to be accurate. Nangong County Records was created and revised by Ye Hengsong, Major Amin Jiajing. "Nangong Evolution" said: "Han Xing began to stand, Nangong County belongs to the capital country". The exact year of the county is not stated here, and the reasons and reasons for naming the county are not attached. Later, Xing Dong's professional Wanli wrote about the evolution of Nangong: "Emperor Gaozu began to set up Nangong County, and he became the capital." Here, the scope of Hanxing County is reduced to the longest 12 years, that is, from the reign of Emperor Gaozu (206 years ago) to his death (95 years ago 12 years ago), while * * * reigned12 years, and he was emperor for 8 years, which is a breakthrough, but a bigger "breakthrough". Nangong, the land of Dongyang, is a livable place in southern Xinjiang, close to Shandong. Han is a famous Gaiben county. "On this basis," Biography of People "Volume 10" Biography of Liu Yu Lunan Palace "is included," The Nangong is suitable, the word is tolerant, and people from Shandong enter. ... moved to Nangong because of his surname. Here, the issue of Nangong Poetry is mentioned in particular. This is the first time in the county annals that Nan Gong Shi and Nan Gong Shi are linked and recorded as Nan Gong Shi. Kang Xizhi, who specialized in Hu Jingquan for the third time, described the evolution of Nangong: "Yu Liejiu, Nangong is in Jizhou, and the name of Nangong was found in the Spring and Autumn Period and was built in the Western Han Dynasty, so it was named as a famous county." "Nangong County was established in the Western Han Dynasty and belongs to the capital city. "This version also includes Liu Yu's Biography of Nangong Lie. In this regard, the Kangxi version of Jizhou Zhi also has the same record, "Nangong County, because Nangong is suitable for its place, so Han is a famous county", and in "Biography of People", Nangong is included in it "Nangong is suitable for Chunqiu ... because of its surname. ..... livable in the Ming Dynasty, and Han was a famous county, so it was built here (Biography of Jizhou Records and Tessa). The fourth edition of Daoguang Zhi, edited by Zhou Wei, is similar to Kangxi in the evolution and naming of counties. For example, "Nangong was not named in Qin Dynasty until the Western Han Dynasty", and "Nangong County was established by Emperor Gaozu in the Western Han Dynasty, and it belongs to the country that entrusted the capital". On the issue of county names, this book discusses the difference between Zhou and Lunan Palace. " "Shangshu" Nangong is one of the ten chaos, the speaker has eight scholars in the week, and Nangong covers it. To the south of The Analects of Confucius, the heavy cloud lives in Nangong, which is also a place name ... suitable for living in the Ming Dynasty. Han is a famous county, so it is built here. Here, the Nangong of Zhou and Lunong is subdivided. The Nangong in Zhou is the surname, and the Nangong in Lu is the land. Therefore, this edition excludes Lunongong from Liu Yu, and Zhou Zhi thinks that Liu Yu's Old Records contains Nan Gongzi, which is "not textual research, but also obscene. Therefore, the biography of Nangong is listed at the top of the characters, and Lunong Palace is regarded as an out-and-out Nangong person. The fifth edition of Guangxu Chronicle edited by Sun Changtai is similar to Daoguang Chronicle in the evolution and naming of county names. Only the relationship between Nangong Poetry and Nangong is dialectical as follows: "Nangong Temple is in the east of the Confucian Temple, and later generations set up a temple because Nangong lived here" (Nangong County Records? Volume six? Set up a test ")" distinguish whether he lives in Nangong, or teaches, or lives in a famous county in Han Dynasty "("Nangong County Records? Volume 12? Biography), here not only affirmed his life in Nangong, but also defined his career as "teaching". For the sixth time, I majored in compiling chronicles of the Republic of China.

Jia Enmao (1865— 1948) is a famous educator and local chronicler in modern China. 19 15 presided over zhili tongzhi, which was compiled by zhili tongzhi bureau, and the whole draft was completed in 19 17. Later, he edited many books such as New Records of Yanshan County, Dingxian County, Nangong County, qingyuan county County and Zaoqiang County. With his profound knowledge, he questioned the previous edition of county annals through his major in Nangong.

The chronicles of the Republic of China re-examined the evolution and naming of Nangong. For example, local chronicles said that "the name of Nangong began in the early Han Dynasty, which is a style of local chronicles, mainly describing some trivial matters", and Lv Hou named it Nangong Hou. Accordingly, the name of Nangong County either comes from Gaodi. "As for the name of the county, the annals of the Republic of China also discusses that" the Nangong was built in the Han Dynasty, and the meaning of its name is unclear. The old record is based on the former residence of Nangong scholar, which is suitable for Lu people, far from this realm. Wanli records the southern boundary of Dongyang. Meiere (geographical proximity) Yu Lu said it was far-fetched. Qiu County and Fan County in Shandong Province still belong to the Jin State, and Lu, south of Mount Tai, actually flew over the suburbs of Qi State and Jin State to get the Nangong, and its affiliation is beyond doubt. Therefore, the biography of Lunan Palace did not list the characters, on the grounds that "the Nan Gong Shi was listed first in the previous generation, although Shi was a German and Chinese, but the Han Dynasty lost its fu with the meaning of county name (attached), so it is not allowed to talk about auspicious evolution with irrelevant Lu as the supplement." The next chapter does not include Nan Gongzi, in fact. " ("Virtue Biography" Volume 16) "Chronicle of the Republic of China" invites Lunong Palace from the county annals.

Later, the Annals of Nangong City, 1989, published by Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House in July, explained the time of the establishment of Nangong County and the reasons for its naming as follows: "Nangong County was established in the fourth year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 203 years)" (page 13 of Nangong City Annals) and said that "Nangong County was established in Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty, and the county name was taken from the Zhou Dynasty. From the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China, Nangong County has always had Nangong Ancestral Temple. (ibid., page 7) The 1995 Annals of Nangong City published by Hebei People's Publishing House also followed the above statement. The "Eight Scholars" in the Zhou Dynasty here obviously refers to the Zhou Nangong, which linked the reasons for the famous county with the Zhou Nangong and inherited the correct historical research results. However, it is obvious that Nangongzi and Nangongzi Temple are crowned with pride. Nangongzi is an honorific title for Lunonggong, and Nangongzi Temple in Nangong County is also built for Lunan Palace, and has nothing to do with Zhou Nan Palace. It is necessary to repeat the Nangong Temple here.

Nangong Ancestral Temple developed with Confucius Temple. After the death of Confucius, his disciples set up a temple in the place where the tomb was guarded, offering sacrifices according to their age. This is the earliest Confucius Temple in China-Qufu Confucius Temple. In the fourth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (63 1), Emperor Taizong ordered that "all schools in prefectures and counties should be Confucius temples", and then in the eighth year of Kaiyuan in Xuanzong (720), the layout of Confucius temples was "Ten philosophers should sit" ... Figure 70, Twenty-two sages and the temple wall. "("The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, the Book of Rites and the Book of Music V ") At this point, there was a portrait of Nangong Stone in the Confucian Temple. Since then, Confucius Temple in Qufu has been built all over the country, and it was basically popularized in all the counties in the late Qing Dynasty. Nangongzi Temple in Nangong was built in the upsurge of Confucius Temple construction, and the date of its construction is unknown. It is estimated that it should be after the "Saint Nangongzi" was sealed in Jiajing nine years of Ming Dynasty. According to the records of Kangxi, Li Yang Taishi's Rebuilding the Nangong Ancestral Temple records: "In the early years of Wanli, Xing Gong, a magistrate of Shandong Province, was a dove worker. Ready to do) materials, Dong Yu packed up ... "So, Wanli county magistrate Xing Dong once called craftsmen, prepared materials, renovated the temple, and then Jinshi Du repaired it again. Why did Nangong County build Nangong Ancestral Temple alone? I'm afraid it still stems from Mr. Xing Dong's recognition of the relationship between Lunan Palace and Nangong County in pursuit of Zuhuaiyuan's affair.

Closer to home, The Annals of Nangong actually refers to the time when the county was founded-the fourth year of Emperor Gaozu, and at the same time, Zhou Nangong was listed as a famous county again.

As can be seen from the above historical documents, Nangong County was founded by Emperor Gaozu in the early Han Dynasty. In this respect, it is most appropriate to take Nangong Hou in the Republic of China as an example, which is also in line with the textual research of contemporary experts. Mr. Zou Yilin, director of China Institute of Historical Geography and deputy director of the Historical Geography Professional Committee of the Chinese Geographical Society, pointed out that "Xiang Yu and the vassal States did not set up a new county in the war, but only changed the county name and set up a new county in 206 AD (the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty). After the formal establishment of the Han Dynasty in the first 202 years (the fifth year of Emperor Gaudi), Liu Bang began to enfeoffment seven princes with different surnames ... From the sixth year of Emperor Gaudi, the princes with different surnames were cut off one by one, and at the same time, a large number of princes with the same surname who thought they were Pingfan of the Central Court were established, which was basically completed in the first 195 years (the twelfth year of Emperor Gaudi) ... "(Introduction to China's Historical Geography, Shanghai Education Press. Zhang Er was subordinate to Liu Bang, and Chen Yu assisted Zhao Wangxie. "In the third year of Han Dynasty, Han Xin was appointed as the land of Wei, and (Liu Bang) sent Zhang Er and Han Xin to break Zhao Jingxing (King Xie Zhao), cut off water and pursue Zhao Xie Xiangguo. Han Li is the king of Zhao. " Han Xin's "liberated" Zhang Er land includes the territory of Nangong, and the establishment of Nangong County in the following year or that year completely conforms to the law of historical possibility.

The word "Gong" originally refers to houses, residences, "Nangong" guide houses and south houses. Therefore, from the etymological and logical point of view, it is neither the original intention of the word "Nangong" nor logical.

An important reason for identifying Lunan Palace as a famous county in Nangong lies in the understanding of the sentence "Living in Nangong" in Nangong Poetry. Zhu's Annotation to the Analects of Confucius annotated Nan Rong in Gongye Chang, saying, "Nan Rong, a disciple of Confucius, was named Tao, also known as Shi, Zi and Zun Shu." According to this, Nangong county annals, from Wanli to Daoguang, all think that "living in Nangong" means living in Nangong. The author tries to solve the problem, which can be analyzed from etymology, logic, geographical and historical knowledge and so on.

First, from the etymology. The word "Nangong" should be a radical phrase, and "Nan" as a locative noun modifies the noun "Gong", which should be "Nangong" or "Nangong" in terms of meaning. Obviously, there is no objection to this explanation. Then there is how to explain the word "altogether". According to Erya, the earliest monograph in China, "the public refers to the room, and the room refers to the palace", Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains "the public, the room also". The first explanation of the word "palace" in Ci Yuan by the Commercial Press 1983 edition is "the floorboard of houses". "In ancient times, no matter how high or low, it could be called a palace. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, it specifically refers to the houses where the emperor lived, and some people call ancestral halls, Buddhist temples and Taoist temples palaces. " For example, in the Book of Changes, "ancient people lived in caves and lived in the wild, and later sages lived in palaces and used them." There is a saying in Lu Jia's Xin Yu that "people on earth live in wild caves, and if there is no house, they are in the same domain as animals." Therefore, the Yellow Emperor is a logging structure, built as a palace, and built on a building to shelter from the wind and rain. " In the Confucian family language and the Confucian explanation, it is said that Confucianism has an acre of palace, and in The Book of Songs, Guofeng Sangzhong said that I was in the mulberry and asked me to go to the palace. Although slightly different, the word "palace" here refers to the meaning of the house. This shows that the ancient "Nangong" refers to houses in the south or houses in the south. The word "respect" of Uncle Jingnan in Nangong is posthumous title, which means "doing things seriously". "Uncle", the title of ranking, the third line. Then "Uncle Shu Jing of Nangong" is simply the third child who works hard in the south room of Jijia, and can't be understood as a place name. If it must be understood as a place name, it can only be understood as Nanwu and Nanfang. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House 1997 version of "A Study of China's Surname" clearly states: "Nangong's surname comes from Ji's surname, and his place of residence is his surname." "In the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhong, the son of Dr. Lu Meng Jiezi, lived in Nangong (a palace in the south), and his descendants took the Nangong where he lived as their surname." (China surname test page 3 12) Just as in the Spring and Autumn Period, doctors in Qi Huangong lived in East China, West China, South China and North China, with East China and South China as their surnames, and Dr. Zheng lived in Ximen, so he took Ximen as his surname, indicating that his place of residence was different. Another example is that in The Chronicle of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhenzong III, it is said that "in the afternoon, fortunately, the Nangong only regards Xu (Zhao) as a disease", and in The Chronicle of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Jingdi said that "the Shang emperor returned to the capital. The emperor welcomed Dong 'anmen into Nangong ",can it be interpreted as visiting Zhao in Nangong County and Ming Yingzong in Nangong County? Obviously not.

Secondly, logically. "Nangong" is both a surname and a place name. Historians, especially Confucian sages who wrote Annals of Nangong County, are well aware of this. At least, there is no evidence in the existing ancient books that the word "Nangong" was used as a place name before Nangong County was located. And without such a place, how can we come to the conclusion that we live in the land of the Nangong?

Third, from the perspective of historical geography knowledge. As the son of Doctor Qing, Nan Gong lived in Qufu. If he lived in his own city, he should live in Yun (Yin Cheng), which is now the northeast of Ningyang County, Shandong Province. However, the burial place of Nangong Temple is in Qiannangong Village, Dianzhen Town, Zoucheng City. There is still the tomb of Nangong Temple here. The author consulted Zheng, director of Zoucheng Cultural Relics Bureau, and confirmed by telephone. The above three places are far from Nangong. As Jia Enlong argued in the Republic of China edition of Nangong County Records, "People are far away from their own gangs, and Wanli Records says that Dongyang's southern border is close to Shandong, which is far-fetched." Furthermore, the titles of Nangong City in the Tang and Song Dynasties, "Tanbo" (Tanguo was in Lunan in the Spring and Autumn Period) and "Wenyanghou" (the ancient place name Christophe Wen was in Feicheng, Daiyue and Ningyang in Shandong Province), can also be used as evidence. At the same time, as a student of Confucius, he did travel around the world with his teacher, but according to historical records, Confucius has never been to Zhao, so the probability of going to Nangong is almost zero. Since you can't visit, how can Lunong Palace live in Nangong? It is meaningless to take Lunan Palace as the county surname.

Nearly half a year has passed since July this year 1 Mr. Japan and South Korea raised the question about Nangong County. He read all kinds of relevant information he could find for half a year, but he was reluctant to draft it several times. Finally, this article was finished, which was a great relief. Although it is a continuation of mink, it attracts jade from Hebei. If you can read this letter, it will be a whole day's expectation. Fortunately, I am looking forward to it, and I have fun in the bitter. In this dead of night, I will repeat a few words about the sigh.

20 12 years1February 1 1 Sunday morning.

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