Current situation of low-rent housing

Low-rent housing is a safeguard measure to solve the housing problem of the urban poor in Chinese mainland.

According to CCTV reports, a family once rented a 35-square-meter low-rent house in 67 yuan every month.

China's low-rent housing is only for rent, not for sale, but for the lowest-income urban residents. Take Shanghai, where the low-rent housing policy has been promoted well, as an example. In April 2003, the standard of low-rent housing was raised from less than 5 square meters per capita to less than 6 square meters per capita. From June 5 to April 38, 2003, the appraisal standard was raised to below 7 square meters again. At the same time, the old model workers and key entitled groups whose per capita living area is below 7 square meters and their per capita monthly income is lower than that of 570 yuan are also included in the scope of low-rent housing.

Compared with another housing security measure in China-affordable housing, it is different in operation mode, object, housing and so on: affordable housing is newly built, while low-rent housing is diversified, including new housing, vacant real estate, reconstruction of dangerous houses and old public houses. Low-rent housing is for rent only, but affordable housing is for sale. Renting is for the urban poor, and only a nominal rent is charged; Affordable housing can reduce the construction cost by means of land, tax policy support, controlling building standards and limiting profits, and sell it to urban residents who can't afford commercial housing at a price lower than the market price.

According to the Notice on the Parallel Operation of Public Rental Housing and Low-rent Housing jointly issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission (Jian Bao [2065 438+03] 178No.), since 20 14, public rental housing and low-rent housing have been operated in parallel in various places, and they are collectively referred to as public after the merger. The "low-rent housing" in the United States can be concentrated in a certain area of the city, which is called "public construction"; It can also be scattered among different ordinary renters, owned by the head of the household, but receiving government rental subsidies. These two kinds of "low-rent housing" have various forms and can meet the needs of families of different sizes. Its housing maintenance and living standards are the same as ordinary rental housing, so "low-rent housing" is not necessarily synonymous with slums.

All American individuals and families who can prove that they are in the low-income line only need to pay 30% of their total income for renting houses and utilities, and the government will make up the shortfall. For example, a family's monthly income is $426, and the monthly rent of the house they choose to live in is $550, so they should pay the rent of 104 (plus the water and electricity fee will not exceed 30% of their income), and the remaining $446 will be paid by the state to the owner of the house.

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development requires low-income people to submit written applications to provide complete and true income and family members, such as age (for the elderly) and health status (for the disabled). The low-income standard is based on the average income of the applicant's location. There are10.3 million families living in "low-rent housing" in the United States.

Owners who have houses for rent may voluntarily provide their own houses to the regional housing bureau and accept the inspection of the houses by the bureau. After meeting the safety and comfort standards, they can accept the lease of tenants. With the government's preliminary investigation of renters, low-income families can also relax their contracts.

Landlords can't raise rents without authorization, and they can't easily drive away tenants and rent them to people who are willing to pay high prices. Generally speaking, the relevant audit is very strict.

Disadvantages: the dependence of homeowners and renters on government funds hinders urban renewal, and the bureaucracy in the government also makes the review process lengthy, and many people have waited in line for months without getting an answer. Compared with the United States, France's "low-rent housing" not only develops early, but also has an amazing number. About14 people in France live in "low-rent housing". Due to the difficulty in obtaining loans for buying a house in France, the high interest rate and the high property tax, many people do not buy a house and will not move out after living in the government-subsidized "low-rent housing".

Different from the United States, the management and audit of "low-rent housing" in France is delegated to local governments, and the waiting time of applicants is shorter than that of Americans. Another difference is that the rent of "low-rent housing" in France is fixed and the government provides subsidies. Many people can live in the "sky-high" mansion in the urban area with very little money, which is extremely comfortable.

France's "low-rent housing" can be subsidized by the central government during the construction process, but it will be managed by the "low-rent housing management office" under the local government after completion. According to the regulations, on the one hand, the office strictly controls the housing, and most of the "low-rent houses" are only rented and not sold; On the other hand, let the public know about the rental situation of "low-rent housing" and accept public supervision. Except for immigrant families with low income or families with many children with heavy family burden, the "upper limit" of the beneficiaries of "low-rent housing" is those low-level civil servants with relatively low income.

Disadvantages: The lease term of "low-rent housing" in France is permanent. After a low-income person rents a "low-rent house", he can still occupy the house for a long time even if he becomes prime minister in the future. Other people who are in urgent need of housing may not get a house because of this. In Canada with better welfare, the policy of "low-rent housing" is roughly the same as that of the United States. However, on 20 1 1, the government added a large sum of money as related subsidies, which enabled more families to join the "affordable housing plan", that is, they could live in a suitable house with only 30% income in five years.

The Canadian government invested in the construction of large apartment buildings as "low-rent housing" for the public. In Ontario alone, there are 270,000 "low-rent houses".

Disadvantages: Too concentrated public * * * "low-rent housing" makes super-large buildings easy to become hiding places for criminals and drug dealers. Japan's "low-rent housing" first takes care of the needs of single mothers, the disabled and the elderly. The difference is that the rent is not charged according to the income, but according to the cost and facilities of the house. Therefore, it is not a real "low-rent house", but a "public house" that is more in line with the Japanese.

There are more than 2.2 million "low-rent houses" in Japan, accounting for 4.7% of all houses, and there are also a large number of houses for the middle class to live in and buy. Another feature is that more than 50% of Japan's "low-rent housing" is concentrated in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya.

The object of low-rent housing is some people who have just had unstable work and life or some young couples with one or two children. These people just work long hours and have poor purchasing power, but they are not very particular about their living conditions. Low-rent housing just meets their needs. People who can really afford a house basically start from people in their thirties and forties, and they also borrow a lot of money. Japan's interest rate is low, and the relative loan interest rate is not very high, only about 1%. After paying the down payment, you basically only need to use the rental money to repay the loan every month.

Although I bought a house, it doesn't mean that the more houses, the better. Japanese apartments have a useful life and need to be demolished or renovated. This part of the cost needs to be shared equally, so even if the low-rent housing is cheaper, it is enough to buy a house. No one thought of buying more sets for rent. Moreover, the depreciation rate of houses in Japan is similar to the rent. Once the house of the person who once lived changes hands again, the value will drop.