What are the core economic circles of China?

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China's three economic circles are the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Bohai Rim. The three metropolitan areas have different scales and different positioning.

Facing the South China Sea, the Pearl River Delta is the confluence of Xijiang River, Beijiang River and Dongjiang River, and also the estuary of the Pearl River. With developed land and water transportation and convenient overseas contact, it is an important gateway to the world in the southern coastal areas of the mainland. The Pearl River Delta is called "Pearl River Delta" and "Greater Pearl River Delta". In recent years, the concept of "Pan-Pearl River Delta" has been put forward, including nine provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, and two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao, referred to as "9+2" for short. This shows that the rapid rise of the Pearl River Delta and its huge expansion space are expected to become a world-famous giant economic zone. The development characteristics of the Pearl River Delta are: the rapid urbanization of rich areas has been realized; Formed an "export-oriented" development model; It presents an "explosive" urbanization dominated by rural urbanization; It presents a multi-center, high-intensity and agglomeration urban agglomeration development form; Outline the "circle" economy and urban development characteristics of the inner, middle and outer circles; There is a special spatial structure of "non-city and non-countryside" in the urban-rural fringe.

The Yangtze River Delta, near the East China Sea, is the largest estuary of the Yangtze River in China. The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is the region with the highest degree of urbanization, the densest urban distribution and the highest level of economic development in China. The Yangtze River Delta includes 15 cities, including Shanghai, eight cities in Jiangsu Province and six cities in Zhejiang Province. Later, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province joined the Yangtze River Delta Urban Economic Coordination Committee, which was called "15+ 1". It takes Shanghai as the center, Nanjing and Hangzhou as the sub-centers, including Yangzhou, Taizhou, Nantong, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou in Jiangsu, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo and Zhoushan in Zhejiang, *** 15. It has jurisdiction over 74 counties and cities, and is linked by Shanghai-Hangzhou, Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway and several railways, forming an organic whole. The Yangtze River Golden Passage flows through 29 major cities, leading the Yangtze River Delta to the inland hinterland, and is an important gateway for Chinese mainland to connect with the world. The Yangtze River Delta has made full use of international and domestic resources and markets, making it one of the most dynamic areas in China. The development characteristics of the Yangtze River Delta are: forming a comprehensive industrial base; Urbanization presents structural development; The comprehensive strength of the city leads the whole country, and the characteristics of the circle are obvious; The level of urban industrialization is relatively high; Urban logistics conditions have been formed; The strength of urban education science and technology is strong and high-level talents are intensive; The living standard of urban and rural residents is relatively affluent, leading the country.

The Bohai Rim region is located in the northern part of the eastern coast of China, and leads to the northern hinterland of China through the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan urban belt. With its special geographical location, dense industries and cities, it is an important gateway to the world in the northern coastal areas of the mainland. 1986, Bohai Bay Economic Zone led by Beijing and Tianjin came into being. Generally speaking, in a narrow sense, it refers to the coastal economic zones around the Bohai Sea, mainly Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Its goal is to build a world-class city with Beijing and Tianjin as its dual cores. On a larger scale, the framework of "5+2" strategic cooperation pattern has been formed, namely, Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Shandong and central and eastern Inner Mongolia, and Beijing and Tianjin. The development characteristics of the Bohai Rim region mainly include: the formation of important industrial intensive areas and large urban agglomerations in China; The development of regional planning started late, and the regional economic development is obviously backward compared with the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta. Make every effort to build a new platform for regional economic development in the Bohai Economic Circle and establish a new mechanism for "win-win" regional coordination and cooperation.

The advantages of the Yangtze River Delta are good business atmosphere, good business environment, high degree of internationalization, strong brand consumer market and strong private economy. At the same time, the structure of two wings (with Shanghai as the center and Nanjing and Hangzhou as the sub-centers) is the most reasonable.

The advantage of the Pearl River Delta lies in its open mind, relatively easy communication with investors from Hong Kong and Taiwan, and convenient geographical location. It has established institutional and cultural conditions that match the market economy. Pearl River Delta enterprises, represented by some listed companies in Shenzhen, have become excellent blue-chip companies with the most investment value in China.

The advantage of Bohai Rim is that it is rich in natural resources, closest to the national policy decision-making center, strong in heavy industry foundation and cheap in rent.

In the economic circle, the Yangtze River Delta has the lowest growth rate and the Bohai Sea has the highest growth rate. However, in terms of purchasing power parity, the Yangtze River Delta has surpassed kanto region, headed by Tokyo, in 2006, and is the largest economic zone in Northeast Asia (Japan, South Korea, including Hong Kong, Macau and Singapore). By 2020, the economic scale of the Yangtze River Delta will be twice that of the Kanto Economic Circle, and the Pearl River Delta will surpass kanto region in the same year.

Although the Yangtze River Delta is rich, its inclusiveness is the worst, especially in Shanghai. Moreover, the languages of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai are different, and the communication between Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai is good, but speaking the same language with Zhejiang people is an obstacle. Relatively speaking, Shenzhen is much more inclusive, because many people in Shenzhen are immigrants, but language is also a big obstacle. Bohai Rim should be the most inclusive and the easiest to communicate in language.