Where is Jianli?

Jianli, the hometown of hibiscus, is like a pearl embedded in the southern end of Jianghan Plain. East of Honghu Lake, with a water surface of more than 500,000 mu, belongs to Jianli and Honghu counties (cities). It looks at Jingsha in the west, the Yangtze River flows around it in the south and the Dongjing River in the north. Jianli is known as the land of fish and rice because of its dense river network, dotted lakes and fertile soil. Here, the geographical position is superior, the wealth is abundant, the talents are numerous, and the ancient books are vast, which can be described as a long history and a long history of culture. Throughout history, hardworking and brave Jianli people have worked, lived and multiplied in this rich land. It is these respectable people who are not afraid of difficulties, violence and evil that have created extremely rich material wealth and spiritual wealth and written colorful historical chapters.

A philosopher once said: Egyptians got land because of the gift of the Nile. Then, the land that Jianli people got was entirely due to the gift of the Yangtze River and Dongjing. The vast and rich Jianghan Plain used to be an endless cloud and dream, but after the repeated flooding of the Yangtze River and the continuous expansion of the Hanjiang Delta, it gradually formed an impact plain. Jianli County is a pearl embedded in Jianghan Plain. It is located in the south of Hubei Province, north of Dongting Lake, east of Honghu Lake and south of Yangtze River. Dongjing River, a tributary of the Han River, winds eastward on the northern border. The county is 74 kilometers long from north to south, 60 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 3,237.67 square kilometers. It spans east longitude112.35-19, north latitude 29.26-30. 12, and borders Jiangling and Shishi in the west.

Jianli county has a flat terrain, which is a typical plain terrain. The ground height is between 23.5 and 30.5 meters, and the height difference is only 7 meters. Seen from a distance, this land is like a piece of brocade, a Ma Pingchuan. Breaking this monotonous plain landscape are two hills located on the banks of the Yangtze River in the east-Yanglin Mountain and Lion Mountain, which are the remnants of the hills in the south of the Yangtze River. Faults and dislocations occurred due to crustal movement. During the southward migration of the Yangtze River, the riverbed developed along fault layers, and these two hills were left in the north of the Yangtze River. Yanglinshan is 78.8 meters above sea level, which is the commanding height of the county. Lion Mountain is 58 meters above sea level, and the two mountains cover an area of about 4 square kilometers. Like two majestic warriors, they guarded the east gate of Jianli, read all the vicissitudes of life and wrote an extraordinary chapter in the history of Jianli's development. After liberation, the Yanglinshan pumping station built in Yanglinshan has a great momentum of flood discharge and diversion, which not only ensures the drought and flood of more than 200,000 mu of farmland in the county, but also adds new attractions to Yanglinshan. The Tian Fei Temple (Niangniang Temple) restored in recent years stands on the top of the mountain, facing the Yangtze River. Climbing the mountain and visiting the temple is endless, with distant mountains like Youlong rolling and green hills boundless; A glance at Honghu Lake is as bright as a mirror; The river is rolling eastward, stormy and full of vitality. Picturesque Jiangshan panoramic view.

The topographic trend of Jianli is: the Yangtze River in the south, the Dongjing River in the north and west are higher, and the middle and east belong to the lake depression zone, which is lower than the west and north and south, with a height difference of about 6 meters. It naturally forms a dustpan shape and is suitable for irrigation and drainage and water conservancy. The reason for this is that the Yangtze River and the Dongjing River have flooded many times, and a large amount of sediment overflowed the riverbed. When the velocity decreases, it quickly deposits and forms a natural levee. With the increase of flood, the natural levees become higher on both sides, forming relatively low-lying depressions between rivers.

Jianli County is an ordinary county in China. Its development is closely related to the whole history of China. With the country's prosperity and prosperity, it is also scarred by the country's turmoil.

During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Jianli County belonged to an ancient barbarian country. This is a small country that has just entered the era of civilization, and its capital is about 1 Li south of Gujingkou, Jianli. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jianli was called the state, which was a small vassal state under the rule of the Emperor of Zhou. During the Spring and Autumn Period, King Wen of Chu moved his capital to the south of West Ji Huang in Jianghan Plain, and the State of Chu became strong and annexed many small countries around him. The country was also destroyed by King Wen of Chu, and Jianli became the territory of Chu.

In 576 BC, the State of Xu in Henan was invaded by the State of Zheng, and requested protection from the State of Chu, with the permission of the King of Chu. After many twists and turns, Rongcheng was finally established in Jianli in 586 BC and became a vassal state of the king of Chu.

Qin Shihuang annexed six countries, unified the world, abolished the enfeoffment system and established the county system. This is Zhouling County, which belongs to Nanjun (now Jiangling). At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Zhouling County and Huarong County appeared in the ancient Rongcheng area (Huarong County in Hunan was renamed Huarong in the Sui Dynasty 18, which may have been copied). In the year of Jian 'an 13 (AD 208), Cao Cao Jun defeated Chibi and Huarong returned to Dongwu. Because this place is "Beiwo, Guang Bei Ze" and "Land of Fish and Rice", the northwest region once produced salt. So Wu Dong ordered officials to supervise the benefits of salt fishing. In 222 AD, the rising sun set aside a small area from Huarong County and established Jianli County. Since then, Jianli has officially entered the historical stage as a county name, and it has a history of nearly 1800 years.

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Huarong County belonged to Jingzhou, and Jianli was changed to Baling County. The Liang Dynasty established Bazhou in Baling County and designated Jianli as Jianli County. So Jianli became the seat of the county government, but it did not exist for a long time. During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the organizational system of Jianli County changed little. In the last week, Jianli was once changed to Fuzhou, which belonged to Jiangling House in Song Dynasty. In the third year of Gande in Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu (965), Baishahuan was established in Yushan County. In the sixth year of Xining (1078), Yushan County was revoked and merged into Jianli.

During the reign of Emperor Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty, the government of the Southern Song Dynasty abandoned Jianli County because the Mongols stepped up their attack on southern China. It was not until the end of the Yuan Dynasty that Shun Di was re-established in the Southern Song Dynasty. Jianli belonged to Jingzhou Prefecture in Ming Dynasty, but remained unchanged in Qing Dynasty. In the Republic of China, Jianli belonged to Jingyi Road. In the 21st year of the Republic of China, Jianli belonged to the seventh administrative supervision area of Hubei Province, and then to the fourth administrative supervision area.

During the Agrarian Revolution, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, Jianli County was the base of the Red Army, the New Fourth Army and the People's Liberation Army. The Soviet regime was established in 1928 and was subordinate to the western Hubei government. 1930 In September, the Soviet county government in western Hunan and Hubei was established in Jianli. 193 1 65438+February, Xiangxi Soviet government was established in Zhoulaozui, Jianli County. 1943 to 1946, Jianli County People's Government was established in the northwest of Jianli County, and Jianli County Jianmian Executive Committee was established in the northeast, all of which were under the leadership of Xiangnan Management Committee. From 1947 to 1949, Xianbei became a liberated area and was under the jurisdiction of the democratic government of Jianmian County. 1April, 949, the county was liberated and belonged to Mianyang area. 195 1 year was changed to Jingzhou area, which now belongs to Jingzhou city.

There was no population figure of Jianli before the Ming Dynasty. There was a household registration in the Ming Dynasty. For example, in the eighth year of Ming Yingzong Orthodox (A.D. 1443), there were 5,957 households and 28 185 households. Later, in the eighth year of Chenghua in Ming Xianzong (A.D. 1472), the seventh year of Zhengde in Mingwu Sect (A.D. 15 12) and the fourth year of Qin Long in Mingmu Sect (A.D. 1570), the registered permanent residence increased or decreased slightly. At that time, because the degree of taxation depended on the population, it was more serious to conceal the population, and these statistics were also very inaccurate.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, due to the long-term war and turmoil, famine and plague, Jianli County lost more than half of its population. If you look through their genealogy, you will know that many residents of Jianli moved from Jiangxi to Jianli in the early Qing Dynasty. During the Qing dynasty, due to the relative social stability and the policies of the Qing government, the population of Jianli grew rapidly. In the second year of Tongzhi (AD 1865), the population of men, women and children in the county was 882,609. During the period of Kuomintang rule, the population of the county decreased from 1934 to 468777 due to the plague and the slaughter of reactionary forces. 1949, with a population of 560,000; 1999, the population of Jianli has reached 14 10000. Now, controlling population growth has become a very urgent and arduous task for the whole society.

More than 99% of Jianli residents are Han nationality, including Hui, Zhuang, Manchu, Tujia and Mongolian 13 ethnic minorities, with more than 700 people, mostly Hui, who were developed by three businessmen who moved into Tangxian County, Henan Province. One of them is Wang and the other is Wu. In the past 100 years, it has grown to hundreds of people. In the past hundred years, all ethnic minorities living in Jianli have moved from other places to settle in Jianli.

Various religions were introduced into Jianli in different periods, Buddhism and Taoism were the earliest, and the rest did not last more than a hundred years. Muslims brought Islam, Catholicism was introduced to Jianli in 1900, and Christianity was introduced by two Swedes in 1906. But these religions did not spread widely in Jianli. It did not have a big impact on the lives of Jianli residents. Because of the small population of ethnic minorities and their long-term coexistence with the Han nationality, their characteristics naturally gradually disappeared. At present, the ethnic minorities in Jianli are no different from the Han nationality in appearance and customs.

Confucianism has a great influence on Jianli residents, and there are also some primitive local religions. If you walk into the house of Jianli farmers, you will see the memorial tablet of "heaven, earth, country and teacher" enshrined in the shrine of the hall. Confucianism advocates "heaven and earth are the teachers of kings". The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the monarchy, and there was no monarch to worship, so the "monarch" in the shrine became a "country".

Before liberation, the feudal patriarchal clan system spread all over the county. Many villages are named after the same surname. All surnames have a head of household, a head of household and a room. The so-called head of a family is the length of a surname, and his authority is to enforce family laws on behalf of his ancestors. After liberation, with the change of social system and the development of productive forces. Patriarchy no longer exists. But its remnants are still like ghosts, wandering in society and people's hearts from time to time, and some places even have the potential to revive. There are many dialects among Jianli residents, and the accents of Jiannan and Jianbei are quite different, which may be related to the large number of immigrants who came to Jianli to settle down in the early Qing Dynasty. Many Jiannan people are mistaken for Hunan people from other places, while Jianbei people are considered as Mianyang people.

The customs and habits of Jianli County are roughly the same as those of neighboring counties. On the first day of the first lunar month, you worship your ancestors first, then your parents and travel. On the second day of the second year, every family pays a New Year call to each other on the third day, which is called "Happy New Year". The ninth day of the first month is the "ninth day", and the Lantern Festival is held on the fifteenth night of the first month; Before and after Qingming, every family went to the grave to pay homage to their deceased relatives; On the fifth day of May, He Duanyang hung mugwort leaves in front of the door, ate zongzi and rowed dragon boats. On June 6th, the sun was blazing, and people were drying clothes, which was called "drying dragon robes". In early July, paper threads were burned everywhere to comfort our ancestors. August 15 is called "Mid-Autumn Festival", and eating moon cakes in the evening is called "Mid-Autumn Festival to enjoy the moon". The eighth day of December is called "Laba Day"; Every family picks wax blisters; Celebrate the kitchen god on the 24 th; The evening of 30th is called "New Year's Eve". On this day, the whole family get together, buy rich dining tables and drink as much as they like, which is called "Group Year" or "Eating New Year's Eve". The children bowed to their father and brother and shouted "Farewell for a year". In the evening, every family is burning a fire, and family members sit around the fire to catch up with the old and welcome the new, commonly known as "thirty nights of fire, fifteen nights of lights." On New Year's Eve, staying up late is called "Shounian". Jianli people have formed their own customs and habits in the long-term working life and the specific atmosphere of our culture. With the opening and progress of modern society, the social structure, people's values and lifestyles have changed accordingly. Now Jianli's wedding and funeral etiquette and holiday customs are widely influenced by modern society.

general situation

Jianli County is located in the south of Hubei Province, on the north bank of the Yangtze River, across the river from Yueyang County and Huarong County in Hunan Province. The area is 3 1 18 square kilometers. The total population at the end of 2004 was 1378957.

County People's Government in Rongcheng Town. Postal code: 433300. Administrative division code: 42 1023. Area code: 07 16. Pinyin: Jianli County.

The county belongs to the plain area of river and lake siltation. The terrain is gentle, rivers crisscross and rivers are dotted. It faces the Yangtze River in the south, Dongjing River in the north, Honghu Lake in the east and Egret Lake in the west. The largest man-made river is the main canal of the Four Lakes, which runs through the central part from west to east, and has a unique beauty of the water town and the country. There are hills covering an area of 4 square kilometers in the southeast of the county-Lion Mountain and Yanglinshan, of which Yanglinshan is 79 meters above sea level, which is the highest point of Jianli. The lowest point is 2 1 m above sea level, on the west bank of Honghu Lake.

Jianli got its name.

Hubei people are called "nine-headed birds" because they are said to be smart. I also believe that nine heads are better than one. I didn't know it was spinning so fast! Then, we are called Jianli people, but why are we called Jianli? According to historical records, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty took Jian 'an in 18 (AD 208), Cao Cao defeated Chibi, and Huarong Road was managed by Soochow. Because its land was "fertile and fertile" and "land of plenty", the northwest produced salt (the profit from selling salt at that time was no less than that from smuggling drugs now), and transportation along the Yangtze River and Honghu Lake was also convenient. Therefore, Wu Dong's "life officer supervision" and "supervision of fish and salt benefits" are the origin of the county name of "supervision of benefits", which actually refers to the government's supervision of tax collection. In 222 AD, the rising sun brought Huarong County into Jianli County. At this time, Jianli has just entered the historical stage as an official county name. According to scholars' research, this name has been used for 1800 years.