What are the paternity tests and how are they done?

What is a paternity test?

Apply the theories and techniques of medicine, biology and genetics to determine whether there is a biological relationship between the parents and children in question. Paternity testing is also called paternity testing and paternity testing.

Paternity test is an important part of forensic living test, mainly found in:

1. Family disputes, or pregnancy out of wedlock, and suspicion that the child is not biological.

2. It is suspected that the hospital's delivery room or nursery adjusted the wrong newborn baby.

3. Long-lost family members recognize relatives.

4. Immigration notarization must confirm whether the person requesting immigration has a biological relationship with someone.

5. Involving the family planning policy, it is suspected that biological children will be adopted as adopted children or super-pregnant children will be raised by others.

6. In inheritance disputes, it is necessary to determine the biological relationship or the biological father of an in vitro fertilized baby.

Traditional paternity testing requires a blood type test: the child must be at least 6 months old, and a large number of blood samples are required. The process is cumbersome, the sampling is painful, and the error rate is high. A DNA paternity test is very different. DNA paternity testing can sample any tissue, such as oral epithelial cells. It is even conducted before the child is born, without the participation of the mother, and is currently the most accurate type of parent-child test - the accuracy can reach 99.99999%. Therefore, it is compact, simple, fast, economical and practical. The current charging standard for paternity testing in DNA testing laboratories is 3,600 yuan per case for a family of less than 3 people. The results can be obtained in two weeks. If there are special needs, the conclusion can be obtained in 3 days. Traditional blood type judgment has its role to a certain extent, but paternity testing cannot identify based on blood type

Current DNA paternity testing uses repeated base sequences (STR) in the human genome and PCR technology for individual identification. .

STR, as the second generation of molecular markers, is bound to be replaced by the third generation of molecular marker technology born in the late 1990s: a technology called single nucleoside polymorphism (SNP). The identification of bodies burned at high temperatures during the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States was once slow due to the limitations of STR. However, the final identification work was still successfully completed, all thanks to the scientists' creative decision-making using SNP technology.

At the same time, scientists from the China Paternity Testing Information Network are developing SNP detection technology for paternity testing, aiming to overcome the technical difficulties of combining SNP technology and gene chips and complete the design of gene chips for paternity testing. and manufacturing, and took the lead in applying it to China’s paternity testing business.

1. What is a personal confidential paternity test

Personal confidential paternity test is to collect identification samples while fully respecting the privacy of the authenticator and without going through the judicial sampling process. DNA paternity test performed. For this kind of appraisal, you don’t need to show any documents of the client, or even provide your real name. You can collect the appraisal materials yourself and entrust the appraisal. Because the method is secretive, the steps are simple, the fees are low, and it can provide a decision-making reference for whether a forensic appraisal is necessary. Most people do a paternity test just to know whether the child is theirs and do not want to take this matter to court. In paternity testing in Europe and the United States, the number of personal testing far exceeds that of forensic testing.

2. How to do a personal confidential appraisal

The client does not need to provide any documents, photos, or real names. The results can be obtained by mailing samples. Personal identification is highly confidential and is suitable for parties who only want to know the identification results. However, the identification agency is only responsible for the samples submitted for inspection and is legally responsible for the identification results.

3. What is judicial paternity testing

Forensic paternity testing is an activity that uses professional knowledge and technology to collect identification samples, identify and judge in accordance with legal procedures. Forensic paternity testing has judicial effect and can be directly used as court evidence. The sampling procedures are strict and all materials provided must be true and reliable.

4. How to do a judicial paternity test

You need to prepare the corresponding documents (ID card, passport, military ID card or child's birth certificate, etc.) and copies. 1-inch or 2-inch bareheaded photo of the same substrate. Fill out the power of attorney, appraisal application form, and collect the fingerprints of the appraiser.

5. What badge is stamped on the forensic report?

The official seals of Blue Laboratory Accreditation (CNAL) and Red Metrology Certification (MA) and the (ilac-MRA) International Mutual Recognition Joint Logo and Technical Seal of the Appraisal Agency. Only forensic appraisal reports issued by appraisal institutions approved by the Ministry of Justice can be used in courts across the country, and forensic appraisal reports by internationally certified appraisal institutions can be used internationally.