What was Tianjin called in the Tang Dynasty?

Tianjin was called "Yuyang" in the Tang Dynasty, which is now Jixian County.

Tianjin is located at the lower tip of nine rivers, with smooth land and water traffic. Tianjin has been a battlefield for military strategists to station and compete since ancient times. During the Warring States period, Yan, Zhao, Qi and other vassal states competed for the Central Plains and repeatedly provoked wars. In the Tang Dynasty, soldiers were often used for the Northern Expedition, and Yuyang (Jixian) became a military center. Song and Liao confronted each other across the Haihe River. Gold directly occupied the village, and Tianjin "Sanwei" was built in Ming Dynasty, both of which were military strongholds for stationing troops to defend. According to legend, when Tianjin set up a village, residents had only seven surnames. In the Ming Dynasty, Yan Wang led his troops across the north, and a large number of families and immigrants settled in Tianjin. Tianjin has become a prosperous town. The prince and his father Zhu Hongwu set out from northern Jiangsu and southern Anhui. Naturally, most people come from this area. In the old days, there was a popular saying in Tianjin: "Ask where my ancestors came from, Shanxi Hongtong Sophora japonica". Judging from the dietary customs, people in Tianjin are mainly pasta, especially noodles are related to jiaozi and festive gathering, which is the same as the custom of people in Shanxi who are mainly pasta. The customs of Tianjin originated from the rural areas of Hebei, Henan and Shandong. It can be seen that many residents in Tianjin are made up of retired soldiers and immigrants from all directions. The rough and aggressive character of soldiers and the habits of immigrants have an important influence on the formation of Tianjin folk customs later. Tianjin has always been characterized by gangs. For example, Shanxi Gang, Guangdong Gang, Ningbo Gang and so on. Even in the same industry, in order to safeguard their own interests and resist the invasion of external forces, gangs spontaneously formed, and organizations such as foot banks, fish banks, grain banks and oil banks appeared.

Guilds and gangs are loyal, trustworthy and mutually beneficial. In the early years, there was a so-called "pot gang" who ate in partnership and shared their wages equally. This is the original form of mutual assistance. Gangs don't give in to each other, fighting for power and profit. Even force and firepower. Li Hongzhang wrote in the preface to "Continued Tianjin County Records": "Although it has its own customs, it is still to escape fishing and go to the valley ... how good it is to advocate good deeds;" Poor people die without regret ... if they are close to death, they will be brave and unyielding, and they will be loyal and talented. "This is the bright side. Moreover, its side effects are particularly prominent, and it is a famous local product "gangster". The so-called "gangsters" are all local ruffians, hooligans and fugitives. In order to seize the territory, "gangsters" often fight hard in a special way besides fighting and killing. If there is a "thorn in the head", it is self-inflicted and blamed on others; There are also people who play "selling" hob meat; There are also nail climbing boards; Jump into the oil pan. Of course, "hooligans" are only a few, and have long disappeared with the development of material civilization and spiritual civilization, but after all, they are the product of gang habits in a specific period of immigration, and their behavior has caused bad social impact.

In the Qing Dynasty, Tianjin gradually lost its geographical position as a military fortress due to relative political stability. The garrison implements the system of reclaiming farmland, diverting water from canals and reclaiming cultivated land, and gradually changes from "army" to "agriculture" to ensure the source of life. Those in power took advantage of the situation, changed military management into administrative management, set up schools and advocated Confucian education, which was quite effective and the folk customs changed accordingly. In local chronicles, there is a record that "the shame between virtue and human beings is disputed, and the lawsuit is simple": "The style of writing is getting longer and longer, and the family is noble. No matter rich or poor, we must do just things, which is full of ancient heritage. " In the struggle between virtue and shame, temporary charity is fashionable. The good folk custom of helping others when one is in trouble has been passed down to this day. The weak who dare to speak out and help others are always common; Bullying often causes public outrage. For example, when watching ball games, Tianjin people always wave flags and cheer for the temporarily defeated party. Queue shopping, young people's "stuck" will cause unanimous opposition, while the elderly can tolerate occasionally not queuing. Tianjin people are very particular about what they say and do: "Outfield" wins the benefits of others; It must be repaid in some way. When you do things for the first time, you are always very careful when you speak, which makes people feel very warm. Afterwards, you should say "You need to tell me" and "Come to me if you need anything". When others ask for something, they will try their best to make it happen, no matter whether they can happily do it or not. Some difficulties are borne by themselves and never made public. Tianjin people are ashamed of "breaking their promises" and "breaking their promises", calling such people "big pears" and "losers"; Taking pleasure in "meddling" has always been a folk custom in society to solve disputes by yourself, saying that all dispute solvers are "old". "Big" is often respected and eloquent. They generally don't dwell on details, try to simplify the problem and ask both sides to get by with great fanfare. They often say, "Look at my face." The so-called closing the case is not a trial, but to let both sides find a little "face."

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, after Tianjin was turned into a trading port, its economic status became increasingly prominent and it became a commercial center in North China-a large commercial port. Foreign things keep pouring in, and new things emerge one after another. Electric lights, telephones, high-rise buildings and concessions are changing with each passing day. Tianjin people accept new things almost every day, know more and turn them into self-pride and boasting capital. Cultivate the psychological superiority of urban people. Tianjin people always refer to foreigners as "old ladies" and "idiots", especially like to publicize what they have seen and heard in front of foreigners, arrogant and condescending. Tianjin people are generally restless, confident and good at dealing with all kinds of complicated situations. Tianjin people are frank, concise and pungent, and they like to go straight and not beat around the bush. However, sometimes it is inevitable to bluff, argue irrationally and call names. Therefore, the popular saying "Jing Youzi, Wei Zuizi" is also derogatory.

The folk custom of Tianjin Fair changes with the change of geographical location and economic development. Tianjin people's personalities are also diverse. "From the army to agriculture" and "from agriculture to commerce" are the traditional sayings of the three changes of Tianjin folk customs.