How did Zhao Tuo, the king of South Vietnam, buy the hearts of Baiyue tribe?

One. ? Baiyue tribe has always been fierce and defiant;

1. Distribution of Nanyue tribe, Xiyue tribe and Luoyue tribe:

In Baiyue Lingnan area of China, Baiyue tribes mainly include Nanyue tribe, Xiyue tribe (Xi 'ou tribe) and Luoyue tribe. Among them, Nanyue tribes are mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta, eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong and a small part of western Guangdong. Xiyue tribe (Xi 'ou tribe) is mainly distributed in the central, eastern and northern parts of Guangxi today. Luoyue tribe is mainly distributed in the central and southern regions, southern regions and western regions of Guangxi today, as well as the central and northern regions of Vietnam today, and Hainan Island, a part of western Guangdong today.

2. The first expedition of the Qin Dynasty:

"Huainanzi Human Training": "Wei Tusui lost 500,000 soldiers, one army blocked the city ridge, one army guarded the nine suspects, one army was in Panyu, the capital, one army guarded the border, and one army was dry."

In 2 19 BC, Qin Shihuang unified the whole country and established the Qin dynasty, with Tusui as the commander in chief and sending more than 500,000 troops. The army divided into five roads and marched south. On the first road, Qin Jun marched into the "fortress hill", the so-called "fortress city" is in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua City, Hunan Province; On the second road, Qin Jun marched into the "Nine Doubts", the so-called "Nine Defects" that is, the south of ningyuan county, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province; On the third road, Qin Jun marched into the "Panyu Capital", the so-called "Panyu", which is now the urban area of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; On the fourth road, Qin Jun marched into the "Ye Nan Border", and the so-called "Ye Nan" was in Nankang District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province; On the fifth road, Qin Jun marched into the "water of excess dry", and the so-called "excess dry" is now yugan county, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province.

3. The Luoyue Coalition forces in Western Europe defeated Qin Jun's first expedition to the south;

Qin Jun, who attacked Yugan (now yugan county, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province), moved eastward from Jiangxi Province, and soon captured Dongou tribe and Fujian-Guangdong tribe. However, the progress of another Lunan conquest of Qin Jun was slow, especially when another Lunan conquest of Qin Jun attacked xiyue tribe (Xi 'ou) (now northeast Guangxi), it was fiercely resisted by the joint forces of Xi 'ou and Luoyue.

"Huainanzi Human Training": "The Vietnamese are all in the jungle, not willing to be Lu Qin. Jie Jun, in the opposition, thought he would attack the Qin people at night and break them. Killing and slaughtering, hundreds of thousands of corpses. " Baiyue people live in the jungle of Shan Ye, preferring to get along with animals and wild animals day and night rather than surrender to Qin Jun. Xi's Europa Allied Forces attacked Qin Jun at night unprepared, and Qin Jun defeated them. Tu Sui, the coach of Qin Jun in Junlian, also died, while Qin Jun suffered hundreds of thousands of casualties in this battle.

4. Baiyue people are brave and arrogant;

Therefore, Baiyue tribe is not a docile and weak tribe, but a tenacious and unruly tribe, which would rather fight than surrender and be tenacious to the end. It is the bluffing and arrogant nature of Baiyue people that taught Baiyue Qin Jun a painful lesson. For the first time, Baiyue Qin Jun suffered hundreds of thousands of casualties. Although Qin Jun launched two battles to conquer Baiyue area in succession, it went through several years of hard fighting before and after, and finally successfully conquered Baiyue area, and formally incorporated Baiyue area into the territory of Qin Dynasty. But since then, the characteristics of Baiyue people, such as bravery and unruly, have also left a deep impression on the Qin Dynasty.

It is precisely because of the hard-won conquest of Baiyue region and Baiyue tribe that the Qin Dynasty paid special attention to the brave Baiyue people when it ruled Baiyue region, especially Baiyue Lingnan region. It is precisely because the Baiyue people are fierce and unruly that both the Qin Dynasty's governance in Baiyue Lingnan area and Zhao Tuo's establishment of the rule of Nanyue State in Baiyue Lingnan area have adopted a more moderate way, that is, "harmony and unification"!

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2. Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang officially conferred Liu Bang as the king of South Vietnam, responsible for the "sum of hundreds of yue";

Historical records. "Biography of South Vietnam": "In the eleventh year of the Han Dynasty, Lu Jia was appointed as the king of South Vietnam. He communicated with Zhang Fu and gathered hundreds of yue, so he did not suffer from the South."

In BC 196, in the eleventh year of Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Gaozu sent Lv Jia to South Vietnam, and officially conferred Zhao Tuo as the king of South Vietnam. And signed a contract with Zhao Tuo, king of South Vietnam, to exchange ambassadors and trade with each other. Let the Nanyue State established by Zhao Tuo live in peace with the local Baiyue people, naturalize Baiyue people, and don't let Baiyue people become the scourge of the south of the Han Dynasty.

Therefore, even Liu Bang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, knew that Baiyue tribes and indigenous Baiyue people in Lingnan area were difficult to provoke, manage and domesticate. In fact, whether in the eyes of the rulers of the Qin Dynasty or the rulers of the Han Dynasty, the brave and unruly Baiyue people are a big security risk. It is precisely because of this that after the Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang concluded a treaty with Zhao Tuo, the military king of South Vietnam, he specially informed and ordered Zhao Tuo to domesticate Baiyue people and live in peace with the indigenous Baiyue people, that is, "Baiyue" and "Baiyue"! So, what about Zhao Tuo's rule in South Vietnam?

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3. The policy of "Harmonious Hundred Leaps" actually started long before the establishment of South Vietnam;

1. Qin army's southern expedition to defend the "Lingnan Three Counties" is the biggest "dilution of Baiyue people by Central Plains people";

In fact, long before the formal establishment of Nanyue State, Ren Tao, the first ruler of Lingnan Three Counties, and Zhao Tuo, the second ruler, had already begun to do the thing of "Zhongyuan people diluting Baiyue people".

This work is over. After the successful establishment of Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun in the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang ordered Qin Jun to defend the "Lingnan Three Counties" on the spot, which was actually the biggest "dilution of Baiyue people by Central Plains people". Qin Jun, which conquered Baiyue in the south for the first time, had a population of 500,000. Although thousands of people were killed or injured, some troops stayed. In the second southern expedition, Qin Shihuang added 200,000 troops. Therefore, even if there are at least 700,000 Baiyue troops in the south, even if they are seriously damaged, when the "Lingnan Three Counties" are established, the number of Qin Jun staying in other places will not be less than half.

2. A large number of Central Plains people moved south to Lingnan area, diluting the indigenous Baiyue people;

Historical Records Biography of South Vietnam records that "Guilin, Nanhai and Xiang Jun were taken as migrants, and Yueza was thirteen years old". In addition, a large number of businessmen, women and prisoners migrated from the Central Plains and settled in the "Lingnan Three Counties". In this way, the population of the "Lingnan Three Counties" can be increased, and secondly, the proportion of primitive people in the "Lingnan Three Counties" can be increased and the aborigines can be diluted. At this point, it is similar to Russia at the beginning. This is the case in Russian history. Every time a place is laid, a large number of Russians move to that place to dilute the locals.

4. The local government established in Zhao Tuo was named after the South Vietnamese tribe:

1. Why is Nanyue not called "Zhao"?

Zhao Tuo was originally from Calm County, Hengshan County, Qin Dynasty (now Zhengding County, Hebei Province). He was a general of Qin Jun and a local official of the Qin Dynasty in Lingnan area. Therefore, the local regime established by Zhao Tuo in Lingnan area could have been named in many ways, such as "Zhao", named after Zhao Tuo's own surname; For example, "Qin State", "Southern Qin State" and "Hengshan State" are all named after their original Qin people and native place; For example, "Lingnan Country" and "Nanhai Country" are all named after their own separatist regions.

2. The reason why Nanyue State is called "Nanyue State" is to appease Baiyue people:

However, Zhao Tuo finally adopted the name "Nanyue State" with distinctive characteristics of local ethnic minorities, in fact, to a great extent, to appease Baiyue people and Nanyue tribes. The local government established in Zhao Tuo was named "Nanyue Country" to tell Baiyue people and Nanyue people that this country is your own country and your own country. Everything I did in Zhao Tuo was for the benefit of Baiyue people and South Vietnamese tribes.

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5. Zhao Tuo appointed Baiyue as an official and participated in the governance of South Vietnam;

1. Relying on the Central Plains people to govern the "Lingnan Three Counties" and Nanyue Country;

"Historical records. "Biography of South Vietnam" records: "China people complement each other"; "treat its party as a fake guard." After the establishment of Nanyue State, Zhao Tuo resolutely implemented the policy of Ren Tao, the first county magistrate of Nanhai County. That is to say, relying on the Central Plains people to govern the "Lingnan Three Counties" and Nanyue State, instead of the officials originally stationed in the "Lingnan Three Counties" in the Qin Dynasty, they appointed their own cronies to govern the "Lingnan Three Counties" and Nanyue State. These series connections have achieved good results, which enabled Zhao Tuo to quickly open up the situation of "three counties in Lingnan" and establish Nanyue State.

2. Appoint Baiyue as an official to participate in the governance of South Vietnam;

It was after the establishment of Nanyue State that Zhao Tuo adopted the policy of appointing Baiyue as an official to participate in the governance of Nanyue State in view of the fierce and unruly Baiyue people and numerous Baiyue tribes. Zhao Tuo absorbed a large number of local prestigious Baiyue leaders as officials, and even boldly absorbed them into the South Vietnamese army and the central government to participate in the management of the South Vietnamese regime. This series of policies has achieved good results.

This series of policies effectively eased the conflict of interests between Nanyue State and the indigenous Baiyue people, and greatly reduced the hostility, prejudice and hatred of the indigenous Baiyue people towards the Central Plains people. Among them, He Qian, Zhao Deji, Jian Ju Weng of Xiangchang, Huang Tong, the general of Ozolo, Bohou Biqu, and Shi Ding, the magistrate of Jieyang County, were famous ministers of South Vietnam who were served by Baiyue people.

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6. Zhao Tuo encouraged Zhongyuan people to marry Baiyue people;

In order to ease and harmonize the relationship between Zhongyuan people and Baiyue people, and enhance their friendly feelings, Zhao Tuo strongly encouraged and advocated the intermarriage between Zhongyuan people and Baiyue people in South Vietnam. Even the Zhao royal family in South Vietnam personally set an example and took the lead in marrying the indigenous Baiyue people. For example, Zhao Qi Ying, the third king of South Vietnam and Ming king of South Vietnam, married a Baiyue woman and gave birth to Prince Zhao Jiande, who was first named Hou Gaochang and then succeeded to the fifth king of South Vietnam.

Zhao Tuo strongly encouraged and advocated the intermarriage between the Central Plains people and the indigenous Baiyue people, making it more and more common among the people. Since everyone has become a relative, the indigenous Baiyue people naturally feel embarrassed to fight with the Central Plains people. Intermarriage between Central Plains people and local ethnic minorities has always been the most commonly used and effective routine in major dynasties in history.

Seven. Zhao Tuo pays close attention to China's advanced culture;

Before the Qin Dynasty conquered Baiyue in the south and established "Lingnan Three Counties", Baiyue tribe was still in the era of slash and burn, which can be said to be uncivilized and underdeveloped. Relatively speaking, the cultural civilization of the Qin Dynasty was naturally greatly advanced. After the establishment of Nanyue State, Zhao Tuo began to introduce the farming techniques of the northern Central Plains into Nanyue State. At the same time, advanced Central Plains culture and marine culture were introduced into South Vietnam. Vigorously teach the indigenous Baiyue people in the Central Plains to learn Chinese characters and etiquette.

South Vietnam also traded with the Han Dynasty and purchased advanced materials such as ironware, which was used to develop the production of South Vietnam and improve the life of South Vietnam. Baiyue tribe under the rule of South Vietnam has finally entered the era of agricultural civilization and modern civilization from the primitive slash-and-burn era. Through Zhao Tuo's long-term efforts, South Vietnam has gradually developed into a relatively civilized and prosperous local country.