Guangdong Hakka history

The word "Hakka" is pronounced as "Hakka" in Hakka dialect and Cantonese.

According to Ci Hai, at the beginning of the 4th century (at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty), a part of * * * who lived in the Central Plains of the Yellow River valley moved south to cross the river due to war, and by the end of the 9th century (at the end of the Tang Dynasty) and the beginning of the13rd century (at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty), a large number of * * * moved south to Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan and other places.

In order to distinguish themselves from the local aborigines, these immigrants call themselves "Hakkas".

Therefore, the ancestors of Hakkas originated in the Central Plains and migrated from the Central Plains to the south, which is a branch of the Chinese Han nationality in the south of China.

The main gathering places of Hakkas are in eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong and western Guangdong.

Before the end of the Song Dynasty, Ninghua was a distribution center for Hakkas to move southward. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Jiaying Prefecture (now Meizhou) was the distribution center of Hakka people, and Meizhou was honored as the world's Hakka capital by Hakka people all over the world.

With this as the axis, Hakka people gradually expanded to the south of China, forming a unique clan-Hakka clan.

The ancestors of Hakkas came from the Central Plains.

It is because of the large-scale direct migration from the Central Plains in the past dynasties, or moving in, or being an official, relegated, doing business and other reasons.

Its ancestors migrated in the following periods:

(1) The Western Qin Dynasty wiped out the six countries of the Central Plains by force, practiced tyranny, and a large number of immigrants from the Central Plains began to move south.

1, in the twenty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang (222 BC), 600,000 people destroyed Chu, the king of all lands in the north, and set up Minzhong County in 22 BC1year, that is, they divided their troops south and entered the mountain from the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, which is now Jieyang Mountain, 150 miles north of Jieyang County, and reached Xingning and Xingning.

2. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang, 500,000 people guarded the Wuling Mountains, that is, Zhao Tuo "led troops to guard Yue".

From this point of view, there are two Qin Jun garrisons on the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, one is the border of Ye Nan and the other is Ling Jie.

3. In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang, Zhao Tuo built a city in Erli, across the river, controlled Wushui, and built a city of ten thousand people in Zhongshu Mountain.

Zhao Tuo built another city in Longchuan.

The number of these builders is unknown, but the number of people who moved to the northern border counties in the same period can be tested, ranging from 30 thousand to 50 thousand.

In the thirty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang, it was estimated that the immigrants stationed in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi accounted for more than one third of the local population.

5. In the fifth year of Emperor Ding Yuan (BC 1 15), a large number of soldiers from the Central Plains were stationed in Lingnan in the south, in counties and military strongholds.

6. In the first year of Han and Yuan Dynasties (BC 1 10), all the people from Fujian and Jieyang (Chao Gu and Meigu were Fujian and Vietnam respectively) moved away, leaving only the descendants of immigrants from Qinzhong County.

This shows that the residents in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi are mainly immigrants from the Central Plains.

(2) During the period from Jian 'an in the late Han Dynasty to Yongjia in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Central Plains people took refuge in South China, and some people moved to the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the people of the Central Plains took refuge in Jiaozhou, which once caused * * *, and the southward migration mainly came from the sea passage.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when the North and the South confronted each other, the people of the Central Plains moved southward again on a large scale, with a population of about 960,000. Most of them settled on both sides of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, some of them entered the south of Jiangxi, and some of them entered the border counties of Fujian and Guangdong through Ningdu and Shicheng.

On the occasion of Yongjia, the gentry of the Central Plains flowed into Fujian.

(3) The Anshi Rebellion and the war disaster in the Tang Dynasty brought great disasters to the people, and a large number of people in the Central Plains fled south.

(4) During the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, a large number of people from the Central Plains fled to Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

For example, the imperial clan Li Meng moved from Chang 'an to Bianliang, and then moved to Gubi Township in Ninghua, Fujian.

Gushi people Wang Xu and Wang Chao responded to the Huang Chao Uprising and led 5,000 peasant rebels from Guangzhou and Shouzhou to Jiangxi.

From the late Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the population of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces surged.

(5) At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, a large number of Central Plains people fled to central Guangdong and the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

When Jian Yan went south, some officials and scholars moved to Hangzhou, Su Xiu, Suzhou, Changzhou and Taihu Basin.

The other part, and most of it, followed Tai Huang along Hongzhou, Jizhou and Ganzhou, and Tai Huang returned to Lin 'an.

These scholars didn't follow the conditions of the queen mother, and they couldn't go back to the north. As a result, some of them crossed Dagengling from the south and entered Nanxiong, Shixing and Shaozhou.

Part of it entered Tingzhou from the former state.

Some of them are trapped in some counties in southern Jiangxi.

At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Army went south in a big way, and a large number of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Song people fled from Putian to Chaoshan, Guangdong Province, and fled to Hainan Island.

(6) In addition to the large-scale southward migration caused by the above-mentioned war, the people of the Central Plains fled to the south due to drought and flood, and some officials were relegated to the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi to do business and study.

Judging from the above historical data, Hakka ancestors mainly came from the Han nationality in the Central Plains.

In the process of the formation of Hakka clans, the southern minorities such as She, Yao, Dan and woodcut have been continuously melted and absorbed, and the Hakka team has grown.