The Mystery of Guo Huan Case Reveals the Mystery of Two Zhu Sheng Tombs —— Zhu Sheng and his son in city by the sea (I)

Unveiling the Mystery of Two Tombs of Zhu Sheng

-the mysterious Zhu Sheng father and son's funeral (4)

In the second year of Hongwu (1368), Zhu Sheng invited Lao Guishan back to Shimen, and two years later (1370), he died of lung disease at Shimen's home.

But his tomb is in Yancheng, Jiangsu, which was built by Zhu's descendants. The tombstone records "Hongwu two years, resigned and retired on the grounds that he was old and worshipped his ancestors." Mrs Kay crossed the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, arrived in the East China Sea, transferred to Xixi Yu Xu, and built a house in Nanlonggang. He died the following year and was buried in Wenqugou, Nanlonggang, Yancheng, at the age of 72. "

From Zhu Sheng's LAM Raymond Collection and Zhu Tong's Fu Bu Collection, we can sort out Zhu Sheng's life track before and after his death. To be sure, Zhu Sheng spent his later years in Shimen, and Yancheng's record is wrong.

At least, there is evidence that the tomb of the seventh Sun Zhu fell in Yancheng and died in December of the seventeenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1504) (according to unearthed cultural relics).

From the death of 1370 to the death of the seventh grandson Zhu 1504, there was an interval of 134 years (the average generation was 19 years, which was in line with Huizhou clan characteristics).

After Zhu Sheng's death, why should Zhan Tian be buried behind the entrance?

Where is Zhu Sheng's tomb?

In ancient times, Huizhou people had a custom. After 60, they must prepare their own coffins and graves. Zhu Sheng has prepared a cemetery for himself, that is Zhan Tian.

In Zhu's anthology, there is a five-law "De Zhan Tian Jia Cheng":

Zhu Sheng's tomb must have been chosen by Mr. Feng Shui (he is an expert in this field). This poem does not indicate the time, but it can be seen from "Wind and Dust in the Sea" that Zhu Yuanzhang had taken control of the overall situation at that time and the domestic situation tended to be stable. From the poem "Why do relatives and friends cry and laugh in the grave", we can see that Zhu Sheng is indifferent to the laws of human birth, aging, illness and death.

However, after Zhu Sheng's death, Zhan Tian was not buried immediately. According to Hongzhi's Huizhou Fuzhi, it was buried at "the entrance, then Zhantian".

A closer look at the Atlas of Anhui Province (20 1 1 edition) shows that there is a branch township in Xiuning County, which is about 20 kilometers away from Shimen. There is also a branch near Shimen, which is a natural village. It is only about 2 kilometers away from Shimen.

Obviously, Zhu Sheng's tomb was first buried in Chakou Village near Shimen, not in Chakou Township, Xiuning, about 40 miles away from Shimen.

I checked the division from Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty to Shexian in the Republic of China. In Shexian County Records of the Republic of China, Shimen, Chakou and Zhantian belong to the twenty-five capitals, and Zhantian is Zhantian. Kangxi Dictionary says that Zhan is "knowledgeable and knowledgeable" and "connected with Zhan Tianyou".

At that time, why not bury Zhantian, the treasure house of Feng Shui selected by Zhu Sheng, and bury the entrance first? This mystery can be solved from Jeikiy's article. Zhu Tong said in "Dying Cry Sacrifice Examination":

Alas! Time passed quickly, the order changed, and death cried on his face and collapsed again. Buried in March according to the ceremony, those who can't follow it today have the saying that burial books are forbidden. This is a solid test for people who have paid attention to life and can't break their confusion.

The funeral ceremony of the ancient Han nationality was very particular: the dutiful son cried from the death of his parents to the funeral; Crying when you think of your parents after the funeral, and you don't choose the time. This is called "crying all the time." "pawn" means termination, and "pawn crying" is to end the sacrifice of "crying all the time" Since then, it has been changed to crying once a day in the morning and evening, which is called "sometimes crying".

According to the ritual system of the Zhou Dynasty, scholars were buried in March (after the funeral, they had to stop burial, which lasted for March), and since the day of burial, three sacrificial ceremonies were held in succession, and the day after the third sacrificial ceremony was held with "mourning for death and crying" (the day of heaven is dry and auspicious, and the days of A, C, E and Geng Ren are just days, and the days of B, D, Ji and Xin Gui are soft days). At this time, it is about one hundred days before death. The "hundred-day sacrifice" of the people in later generations originated from the "dying and mourning" ceremony.

Zhu Tong dialect means something like this: the sacrifice of "crying when you die" is coming. According to the ancient ceremony, the funeral should stop in March after the funeral, but now it is impossible to abide by this rule, because there is a taboo in the funeral book, and this day must be avoided (Zhu Sheng died in1February). Yin-Yang theory is one of the most deeply studied theories of Zhu Sheng. Therefore, only according to Zhu Sheng's theory, an "emergency burial" should be carried out in advance (emergency burial means that the family is poor or he can't stay until March for other reasons and will be buried after death).

Because it was an emergency burial, there was no more preparation time, so it was temporarily buried at the entrance. Later, it was chosen as an auspicious day and was buried again in a land of feng shui.

This should be the reason why Zhu Sheng buried Zhan Tian after he entered the city.

Where is Zhan Tian?

Zhantian is located at the junction of Xiutian. There is no sky on the map now, only Zhao Tian. The pronunciation of Zhan, Zhan and Zhan is zhān, which is a homonym.

There is a process of place name change from Zhantian to Zuotian. Jiajing's Huizhou Fuzhi records that Shexian county has six villages, including Zuotian, Shimen and Huangdun.

In Qing Shunzhi's "Full Map of Shexian County", there are Shimen and Zhantian in the map of 25 cities, and Zhantian became Zhantian;

In Qingganlong, Shimen Village still exists in 25 Dutu 19 village, Zhantian Village (possibly merged) has been lost, and Chakou Village has been added.

When I arrived in Qingdao Light, the 25 th was in Figure 44 Village, and Zhantian Village was added. Zhantian became Zhantian again;

During the Republic of China, there were 6 villages in 25 Du Tu 40, including Shimen, Zhantian, Nanxinan and Ruodun. In addition, there are villages such as Shitan, Qiao Ting, Chengtian and Chakou.

In 2005, there were Wangcun Town Zhitian Village and Shimen Village in Shimen Township. Before liberation, the twenty-five villages of ruling Tian and Shimen belonged to two towns and villages, which have been maintained until now. Chakou village went to other villages, but it was still on the map.

Therefore, Zhantian, Zhao Tian, Zhantian, Chakou and Shimen are all within the scope of the twenty-fifth capital of the Ming Dynasty, which is related to the burial place of Zhu Sheng recorded in historical books.

Why is there Zhu Sheng's Tomb in Yancheng?

Now, the problem has been basically clarified. After entering the customs, Zhu Sheng's tomb was first moved to Zhantian, now Zhao Tian Village, Wangcun Town, Shexian County.

After Zhu Sheng's death, Jeikiy went to work in Kyoto. In the eighteenth year of Hongwu (1385), he was involved in the case of Guo Huan, assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, and died unjustly in prison. This year, he was only 46 years old.

I thought that after Zhu Tong's death, his children would leave Shimen and flee their hometown, possibly to Yancheng. But after reading Fan Lai's article, I feel that this is not the case.

Fan Lai (1538- 16 17), namely Fan Laiyang, a native of Xiuning, Wanli Jinshi, was appointed as the right ambassador of Zhejiang and transferred to the left ambassador of Fujian.

In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (16 16), 246 years after his death, 79-year-old Fan Lai "crossed Yushu Village, but married Cheng's in-laws, from Shenjiao to Shimen" and met Zhu's descendants Sun Shixin, Zhu and Zhu (.

This information is too precious. According to the chronology, Zhu Shixin and others are about the 13th grandchildren of Zhu Sheng, and they still live in Shimen, holding on to their ancestors and preserving the remains of Zhu Sheng's portrait. Even the plaque inscribed by Zhu Yuanzhang on "Plum Blossom in the First Month" remains as new as ever.

According to the excavation of cultural relics unearthed in Yancheng, as early as the seventeenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1504), the seventh grandson Zhu was buried in Yancheng. This shows that some descendants of Zhu Sheng have left Shimen to make a living.

After combing, we can draw a preliminary conclusion:

1. Jeikiy 18 years old married. When Zhu Sheng was alive, he had grandchildren. Zhu Tong's unjust case is a corruption case, not a rebellion case, which won't harm nine families and their descendants like Li Shanchang. Therefore, the descendants of Zhu Tong still live peacefully in Shimen.

Second, although Zhu Sheng died many years ago, his glory will last forever. Throughout the ages, officials and literati came to Shimen to worship. There are many such eulogies in Zhu's poems. For example, in the fourth year of Hongwu (137 1), the town general Wang came to Xin 'an to "flag the people to stay at the stone gate late" to pay homage to the late academician Zhu Gongzhi; In the fourth year of Hongwu, in the thirteenth year (15 18), Huang Shu, a proté gé, joined hands with his younger brothers Quandeng and Tang Gao (the top scholar) and wrote a memorial. Until the forty-fourth year of Wanli (16 16), 246 years after Zhu Sheng's death, Fan Lai, the envoy of Fujian Zuobuzheng, still came to Shimen to pay his respects. This shows that people's yearning for Zhu Sheng has never stopped. Zhu Sheng's descendants still have people who cling to their ancestors and old houses for people to mourn.

Three, over time, the descendants of Zhu Tong have multiplied, and it is difficult for that small piece of land to support a large number of people. Some of Zhu's descendants left the mountains, some went to school to be officials, and some went into business to survive.

I have read some historical materials of Huizhou merchants. Since Chenghua and Hongzhi, some Huizhou people have gone abroad to make a living. This is the predecessor of Huizhou merchants, who first set foot in salt industry. Studying some genealogies in Huizhou, we know that some people of the Cheng family in Shangtan, Zhantian, Shexian County, Anhui Province moved to other places in Chenghua, and later their descendants went to Fujian to do business.

Zhu, the seventh grandson of Zhu Sheng, was buried in Yancheng. On the other hand, Yancheng established Du Yan County from the Western Han Dynasty (this is a river carrying salt). At that time, cooking salt booths were everywhere. "There are salt fields around the city", which is an important salt industry center in the southeast coast.

Perhaps Zhu's ancestors also went out to make a living during Chenghua years, settled in Yancheng and became the first salt merchants in Huizhou. Mrs Kay crossed the Yangtze River and Huaihe River to the East China Sea, turned to Xixi Yu Xu, and built a house in Nanlonggang. This genealogical record should be the trajectory of Zhu's ancestors, but it is definitely not. Because, the elderly and sick Zhu Sheng couple can't stand this kind of tossing, they won't abandon their ancestors and descendants in their hometown and take care of themselves. When Zhu's ancestors left Shimen, they may have taken some relics, such as clothes and hats, as a souvenir. When they arrived in a foreign land, they buried these clothes as a monument to Zhu Sheng as a souvenir. In order to pay homage to the younger generation in Qingming and other festivals.

The cenotaph is a common and important memorial way in ancient times, which started from the Yellow Emperor. Hanshu? On suburban worship: "On (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) said:' I heard that the Yellow Emperor was not dead and had a tomb. "Why," or "The Yellow Emperor went to heaven with the immortal, and the ministers buried clothes". There are records about the cenotaph in Historical Records.

Yang Guifei's cenotaph is in Chang 'an and Shi Kefa's cenotaph is in Sanshipu Town, Lu 'an City, Anhui Province. Yang Jing, Yuan Chonghuan, Sun Yat-sen and many other famous people have the cenotaph. Mei Huan, the ancient hero of Qimen, said that he was buried in Qimen and that he was buried in Meigang, yugan county, Jiangxi. There are graves in both places. There is a saying that Mei's body is buried in Meigang, and the tomb (perhaps the crown tomb) is in Wufa Temple in the southern suburbs of Qimen County. Even the unified records of the Qing dynasty support this statement.

One thing is certain: Zhu Sheng died in Shimen, Huizhou, and his body was buried in Zhao Tian.

As for the tomb in Yancheng, if there is such a thing, it can only be a cenotaph, not a fake tomb.

The monument is also a sacred place for future generations to pay homage to, and we thank the people of Yancheng for commemorating Zhu Sheng.