Why did the Ming army lose many battles in the late Ming Dynasty? What is the root cause?

Today, I prepared for you: Why do the Ming army and the Ming army often lose the battle? Interested friends please come and have a look!

How powerful the Ming Dynasty was at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Zhu Yuanzhang and Judy were both emperors of horses. Throughout Asia, they must be called the big brother of the Ming Dynasty. However, times have changed, and the Ming Dynasty was often defeated by neighboring ethnic minorities in the middle and late period. Many friends who have read history blame their sins on the health center system established by Zhu Yuanzhang. Is this pot really Zhu Yuanzhang's?

We can look at the historical timeline. When Daming was founded, millions of elite soldiers fought hundreds of battles and drove the Mongols out of the Central Plains. Aquamarine went fishing in the sea and broke up in Beiyuan. Later, Mongolia was divided into two tribes, the Vara tribe and the Tatar tribe. During the reign of Judy in Ming Dynasty, Mongolia was attacked five times. The Tatars and Warras completely turned into guerrillas in the first two times. The last few times are basically similar to "seeking mountains, seas and Zhao Gou" in the Jin Dynasty. The main purpose is to occupy Arutai. However, this is very disappointing. Arutai is the reincarnation of the land father-in-law and can't be mastered at all.

How powerful was the Ming army at that time? You can refer to Vietnam, Mongolia and Zheng He's voyages to the West. At that time, Daming also invented a magic weapon that frightened people around him. At the same time, the Ming Dynasty was the Tamerlane of Central Asia. Speaking of Tamerlane, there is a short story that the empire that ruled Central Asia wanted to attack Daming. Here, I can tell you that when Yongle comes, there will be no bones.

Of course, Timur also knows this, so Timur's main purpose is not to attack the Ming Dynasty, but to attack the Northern Yuan Dynasty by using the Chagatai khanate. Because Timur is a Mongolian, the area he ruled is also the location of the Four Great Khan of Mongolia. In order to restore the glory of the Mongolian empire, Timur went north to attack the Golden Horde and occupied the Caucasus. Is Daming realistic? Of course not. To defeat Daming, we must cross the Qingshan Gobi and finally join forces with the powerful Ming Dynasty in Hami, Xinjiang. Even Timur himself died on the journey. If he does come, it won't be enough to shut Mingjun up.

But when the Folk Fortress Changed, this grand occasion came to an abrupt end. Five hundred thousand Ming troops of the 3rd Battalion in the city were conquered by two fools, Ming Yingzong and Wang Zhen. Many people will blame the medical system. Two soldiers were trained and eight soldiers worked in agriculture. In addition, during the Xuanzong period of the Ming Dynasty, most of the soldiers stationed in the garrison became slaves of officers and had no fighting capacity at all. This is very different from the Ming army that fought Jing in Yongle.

In fact, the disadvantages of Wei Bing system are enormous, which led to the later Kemp system replacing Wei Bing system. The situation at that time was just the opposite of what it is now. There were 3 million troops in the Ming Dynasty. If we don't turn them into soldiers in the government army system or the reclamation system, how can this country afford them? The low fighting capacity of the defenders can be predicted for a long time, so the Ming government replaced it with the Beijing camp system in Judy's period and the conscription system after the folk fortress. After the change of "Bao Min", the Lumeng Army of the 2nd Regiment of "Shoujing" still taught Vala to be a man. As a result, the fighting capacity of the defenders has declined. Similarly, this country does not need so many elite soldiers. The main job of most garrison troops is to maintain public order, which is equivalent to "armed police".

What really dug Daming's grave was the crumbling financial civilian group. If Daming soldiers are given enough food and pay, their fighting capacity will certainly be maintained. Let's first look at the two forces that destroyed Daming, the peasant uprising and the rise of the post-Jin era.

After the Battle of Salhu, the Ming government adopted a conservative defense policy against the latter. This defeat cannot be attributed to the fighting capacity of the Ming army. There are many reasons for this situation, such as lack of financial resources, discrimination against military commanders by the government and non-governmental organizations, chaotic military organization and poor coordination. As for the jurchen's fighting capacity? I really don't think it is strong enough to destroy this elite Ming dynasty.

There are several reasons that hinder the fighting capacity of the Ming army.

First, there is insufficient funds.

Lack of funds is the main reason for the low combat effectiveness of the Ming army. As long as there is history, the problem of air-food ratio will certainly exist. That's not the point, whether it's the former dynasty or the later dynasty. At that time, the failure to pay the army's wages will seriously affect the combat effectiveness of the army. For example, Wu Bing, as the main force of the Ming army, has a serious pay problem. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, only Jia Ding, the closest military commander, was paid in full. In addition, the standard camp can only get half the salary. It is wrong to think that this is over. Because these people only account for one-third of the army, the rest will not be able to gather enough people until the war begins. Fighting capacity is a big problem. This caused the first reason for the low combat effectiveness of the Ming army. The problem of funds will lead to the second problem-equipment.

Second, inferior weapons.

Although the Ming army looks large in scale, its combat effectiveness is weak, mainly reflected in its equipment. Some people may ask, how can the Ming army be poorly equipped? The Ming army is armed to the teeth, and Ji is the representative. However, these are only superficial phenomena. The artillery strength of the Ming army to resist Japan and aid Korea is really extraordinary. However, Wanli's three voyages to the West were all based in Zhang Zhongxing. However, the three major taxes have almost exhausted all the funds and food accumulated since the reform. But in Jiajing, Apocalypse and Chongzhen dynasties, this situation became weaker and weaker. Of course, the equipment cannot be guaranteed. Some standard equipment that needs to be issued by the Ming government is becoming less and less enough. At that time, before the Chaluk War, the Ming army was seriously backward in equipment maintenance, rations and logistics. Among the troops sent to Liaodong were helmets and hand-held weapons from Zheng De. They should be very happy. If there is a Yongle period, it may still be an antique. Before the flag-raising expedition, Yang Hao cut three times, but didn't kill the cow. It was Levin's sword that finally killed the cow.

Not only that, at the end of Salhu's front line, Juniper's helmet was pierced by an arrow because of years of rust. Speaking of Sahu, one of the main reasons why the Ming army was eager to attack was the lack of logistical support, which eventually led to failure. In Qi Jiguang's "Practical Training", he sighed: "Today my armor looks brand-new, with iron leaves inside and several eyes. If it is rusty, but has the shape of iron, it is still good. It falls like a sieve. The enemy can shoot through it, the knife can break it, and even the armor is not as good as him. " It can be seen that although some people say that ancient wars were not just for the economy. But for farmers, this war is a real economic war. The same is true of the simplest "one Han and five Hu"

This is the cause of the problem. Not to defeat the enemy, but to defeat the enemy, mostly soldiers of the Ming Dynasty. These soldiers are not equipped much and their morale is not as good as that of the peasant army. If the northern army is mobilized to suppress bandits, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. So "Qi Jiajun" can live in the afterlife.

Third, the incompetence of the emperor.

I have to mention that Emperor Chongzhen let Daming perish. Put on some old clothes and stay up for several nights. Just show it to the leader. You are the king of a country. It's your job to solve problems. Daoguang is also very frugal and can play muskets. What's the use? It was not the red barbarian cannons and spears that began to be used in the late Ming Dynasty that attacked the British army. Even if their shotguns are flintlock guns, they are unwilling to equip green camp soldiers. In the final analysis, it is all ideological limitations.

A big pie fell on Xin Wang and became Chongzhen. However, instead of studying the art of emperors, he learned more about folk stories like Bao Qingtian. Hong Chengchou, Zuo Liangyu and Sun Chuanting were all famous generals in the late Ming Dynasty. They defeated the peasant army. Sun Chuanting even beat Li Zicheng to 18 and ran away. However, Emperor Chongzhen was headstrong and indecisive, and did not always implement Yang Sichang's strategy of "protecting the outside world from the inside", giving the peasant army a breathing space. Hong Chou and other generals will be transferred from the pass and will not change the status quo. More ironically, it was Chongzhen's blind command that led to his last attached general Hong Chengchou being captured by the Qing army. Since then, Hong Chengchou has made great contributions to the establishment of the Qing Dynasty.

Fourth, O's confusion.

In addition to the above reasons, the confusion of civil servants has also made Daming worse. After Zhang's death, the remarks of Ming officials opened Pandora's box. The rivers and lakes are completely out of order. Although the Wei Zhongxian period eased, there were still many disharmonious incidents.

For example, during the Wei Zhongxian period, the imperial court was relatively clean because Wei Zhongxian dominated the Jianghu. However, Xiong Tingbi, who was not a eunuch, had an argument with Wang Huazhen with the support of Wei Zhongxian. The focus of this debate is whether the latter is offensive or defensive. Finally, Wang Huazhen attacked Liaodong in the background and was defeated. Wang Huazhen has a problem, but can Xiong Tingbi really see Wang Huazhen go deep alone and look on coldly?

In short, the Han nationality has never had the problem of fighting capacity. When there is enough food and consumption equipment, it will still hurt neighboring countries. Later, the Zheng clique ruled the sea, and even the Dutch called themselves "ancestors." Isn't this the best explanation?