Will the sun become a red giant in 5 billion years?

Will the sun become a red giant in 5 billion years? Yes, when the lighter elements such as hydrogen and helium in the sun are gradually consumed into heavier substances such as iron through nuclear fusion, the sun cannot maintain itself, and the peripheral atmosphere is gradually separated from the sun. The sun will continue to expand and devour mercury. If there were people on the earth at that time, he would have seen that half the sky was the sun. The surface of the earth will melt slowly, so don't destroy the earth. However, if human beings are still on the earth, they will definitely die.

However, it is a question whether there will be humans in 5 billion years.

The sun will become a red giant in 5 billion years. How many hundred million years will it remain a red giant? When the sun is old, it will break away from the ranks of the main sequence stars and become a sub-giant planet, which will take about 65.438 billion years.

Then it turned to the red giant stage, and degenerate helium nuclei appeared in the core, which lasted about 654.38+ million years. Then helium flash appeared and entered an unstable stage, which lasted for about 50 million years. Finally, there is a gradual giant stage of about 10000 years, after which the outer atmosphere of the sun begins to drift.

If you don't count the subgiant stage, then the red giant stage will be around 50 million years at most.

After 5 billion years, the sun will become a red giant and mistakenly engulf the earth. When I was studying astronomy, I learned that in 5 billion years, the sun will become a white dwarf! The earth will perish in 4.6 billion years!

Will the sun become a red giant in 50 million years? When a star goes through its long youth-main sequence stage and enters old age, it will first become a red giant.

Calling it a "superstar" highlights its huge size. In the giant star stage, the volume of the star will expand to one billion times.

It is called a "red" giant star because while the star is expanding rapidly, its outer surface is farther and farther away from the center, so the temperature will drop and the light emitted will become more and more red. However, although the temperature has dropped a little, the volume of the red giant star is so large, and the luminosity has become very large and extremely bright. Many of the brightest stars seen by the naked eye are red giant stars.

In the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, red giant stars are distributed in a fairly dense area on the upper right of the main sequence area, which is almost horizontal.

Let's look at the formation of red giant stars in more detail. As we already know, thermonuclear fusion is burning inside the star. The result of nuclear fusion is that every four hydrogen nuclei combine into a helium nucleus, releasing a lot of atomic energy and forming radiation pressure.

In the main sequence stage of stars, nuclear fusion mainly occurs in its central (core) part. The radiation pressure is in balance with the gravity of its own contraction.

The combustion consumption of hydrogen is extremely fast, and helium nuclei form in the center and are increasing. As time goes by, there is less and less hydrogen around the helium core, and the energy generated by the central core is not enough to maintain its radiation, so the balance is broken and gravity prevails. A star with a helium core and a hydrogen shell contracts under the action of gravity, which increases its density, pressure and temperature. The combustion of hydrogen propels into the shell around the helium core.

After that, the process of star evolution is: nuclear contraction and shell expansion-the helium core inside the combustion shell shrinks inward and becomes hot, while its star shell expands outward and becomes cold, and the surface temperature is greatly reduced. This process lasted only a few hundred thousand years, and the star became a red giant in its rapid expansion.

Once the red giant star is formed, it will rush to the next stage of the star-the white dwarf. When the outer region expands rapidly, the helium nucleus shrinks strongly inward due to the reaction force, and the compressed matter becomes hotter and hotter, and finally the core temperature will exceed 1 100 million degrees, igniting helium fusion. The end result will be a white dwarf in the center.

When a star goes through its long youth-the main sequence star stage and enters the old age, it will first become a red giant.

Calling it a "superstar" highlights its huge size. In the giant star stage, the volume of the star will expand to one billion times.

It is called a "red" giant star because while the star is expanding rapidly, its outer surface is farther and farther away from the center, so the temperature will drop and the light emitted will become more and more red. However, although the temperature has dropped a little, the volume of the red giant star is so large, and the luminosity has become very large and extremely bright. Many of the brightest stars seen by the naked eye are red giant stars.

In the Herro-Roto diagram, red giant stars are distributed in a fairly dense area on the upper right of the main sequence area, almost horizontally.

Let's look at the formation of red giant stars in more detail. As we already know, thermonuclear fusion is burning inside the star. The result of nuclear fusion is that every four hydrogen nuclei combine into a helium nucleus, releasing a lot of atomic energy and forming radiation pressure.

In the main sequence stage of stars, nuclear fusion mainly occurs in its central (core) part. The radiation pressure is in balance with the gravity of its own contraction.

The combustion consumption of hydrogen is extremely fast, and helium nuclei form in the center and are increasing. As time goes by, there is less and less hydrogen around the helium core, and the energy generated by the central core is not enough to maintain its radiation, so the balance is broken and gravity prevails. A star with a helium core and a hydrogen shell contracts under the action of gravity, which increases its density, pressure and temperature. The combustion of hydrogen propels into the shell around the helium core.

After that, the process of star evolution is: nuclear contraction and shell expansion-the helium core inside the combustion shell shrinks inward and becomes hot, while its star shell expands outward and becomes cold, and the surface temperature is greatly reduced. This process lasted only a few hundred thousand years, and the star became a red giant in its rapid expansion.

Once the red giant star is formed, it will rush to the next stage of the star-the white dwarf. When the outer region expands rapidly, the helium nucleus shrinks strongly inward due to the reaction force, and the compressed matter becomes hotter and hotter, and finally the core temperature will exceed 1 100 million degrees, igniting helium fusion. The end result will be a white dwarf in the center.

Red giant star and red giant star

When the hydrogen in the central region of the star is exhausted to form a nuclear sphere composed of helium, the thermonuclear reaction of hydrogen fusion cannot continue in the central region. At this time, the gravity pressure is not balanced by the radiation pressure, and the central region of the star will be compressed and the temperature will rise sharply. After the temperature of the central helium core ball rises, the layer of hydrogen-helium mixed gas near it is heated to the temperature of hydrogen fusion, and the thermonuclear reaction begins again. As a result, the helium sphere gradually enlarged, and the hydrogen combustion layer also expanded outward, so that the outer layer of the star was heated and expanded and turned into a red giant or a red Supergiant star. During the metamorphosis period, the hydrogen combustion layer may generate more energy than that during the main sequence star period, but the surface temperature of the star will not increase but will decrease. The reason is that the cohesive attraction of the outer layer decreases after expansion, and even if the temperature decreases, its expansion pressure can still compete with or exceed gravity. At this time, the radius and surface area of the star increase more than the productivity, so the total luminosity may increase, but the surface temperature will decrease. When a big star whose mass is four times higher than that of the sun re-initiates hydrogen fusion outside the helium nucleus, the energy released outside the nucleus does not increase obviously, but the radius increases many times, so the surface temperature drops from tens of thousands of Kelvin to three or four thousand Kelvin, becoming a red Supergiant star. Small and medium-sized stars whose mass is less than 4 times that of the sun enter the red giant stage, and the surface temperature drops, but the luminosity increases sharply. This is because their outward expansion consumes less energy and generates more energy.

It is estimated that the sun will stay in the red giant stage for about 654.38 billion years, and the luminosity will rise to dozens of times today. By then, the ground temperature will rise to two or three times as high as it is now, and the highest temperature in the northern temperate zone in summer will be close to 100℃.

It is estimated that the sun will stay in the red giant stage for about 654.38 billion years.

It will expand and devour mercury, venus and the earth.

Finally, a white dwarf.

Will the sun really become a red giant in 5 billion years? At that time, the radius of the sun will be expanded to 1000 times today ~ and will be swallowed up around the earth's orbit. At that time, the sun was very active ~ it kept throwing out a lot of substances, and its mass plummeted ~ and the earth may not have been swallowed up by the decrease of the sun's gravity ~ the radius of rotation increased ~ but even so ~ the earth has changed beyond recognition ~ it has already become a black sphere ~ a star with 8 times the mass of the sun will suddenly explode into a supernova after the red giant ~ the sun's mass is not big enough ~ the thermonuclear expansion force is less than its own gravity ~ it will become a white dwarf ~ about the size of the earth.

In 5 billion years, the sun will become a red giant and the earth will become a dead planet.

As the sun expands, the temperature of the earth will rise. First, the polar ice sheet melts and the sea level rises. Then the sea water and all the water on the earth will evaporate, and all living things will be extinct.

When the sun is big enough to occupy less than half of the sky, the temperature of the earth has risen to several hundred degrees to nearly a thousand degrees, and everything that can burn has been burned out. Many substances with low melting point and boiling point will melt first, and then boil into gas and disappear.

When the earth was swallowed up by the high-temperature gas of the sun, the temperature on the earth had reached more than 2000 degrees, just like the temperature of the outer layer of the sun. And whether it is the equator or the poles, it is this temperature.

By the time the high-temperature gas in the outer layer of the sun dissipates and the earth reappears, the earth has changed beyond recognition. There is not a drop of water, and there is no sign of life on the earth except high-temperature resistant rocks.

Doesn't it take 5 billion years for the sun to become a red giant and devour the earth? Yes, that's right. This is a scientist's prediction that the sun will become a red giant and devour the earth in 5 billion years, but it will take 5 billion years to draw a conclusion.

After the sun becomes a red giant, what will the red giant become? It will expand to devour mercury, venus and the earth. Mars, Saturn and Jupiter are too far away to be swallowed up. The red giant sun can last about 65438+ billion years and finally become a white dwarf. At that time, the rising temperature of Mars and Titan may lead to life, which is also a good choice for human immigrants.

Will the sun become a huge red star in 5 billion years? The sun is a typical main sequence star on the Heroic diagram. In the late stage of the evolution of the main sequence star, it is a red giant (not a giant). Of course, excluding unexpected factors, such as collisions with other large celestial bodies.

When a star goes through its long youth-the main sequence star stage and enters the old age, it will first become a red giant. Calling it a "superstar" highlights its huge size. In the giant star stage, the volume of the star will expand to one billion times. Red giant is a short-term unstable stage experienced by stars in the later stage of combustion. Depending on the quality of a star, its life span is only a few million years, which is very short compared with the stable period of billions or even billions of years. The surface temperature of the star in the red giant period is relatively low, but it is extremely bright because of its huge volume. On the hero map, the red giant star is a huge non-main sequence star, and its spectrum belongs to K or M type. So it is called the red giant star, because it looks red and has a huge volume. Pistachio in Taurus and arcturus in Capricorn are both red giants.