Complete works of British and American cultural common sense

1. What is the necessary knowledge of American culture?

Furnace-another name for America.

Because the United States is a country composed of immigrants of different nationalities from all over the world. The English spoken by these immigrants is not as hierarchical and geographically diverse as that spoken by the British.

They formed similar living habits and manners; The difference between urban and rural residents is not as obvious as in other countries. Although American society is fiercely competitive and has racial discrimination, it shows considerable flexibility and inclusiveness in assimilating immigrants from different ethnic groups.

As a result, a brand-new overall culture and national consciousness have been formed, making the United States a "multi-ethnic country". The American outlook on life is based on the spirit of individual struggle, self-control and competition.

Yuppies and yuffies-Yuppies and yuffies are a new word that Americans copied from hippies, meaning "young urban professionals". Yuppies are engaged in occupations that require higher education, such as lawyers, doctors, architects, computer programmers, business managers and so on.

Their annual salary is very high. Yuppies are successful, ambitious, talented and have a luxurious life.

Unlike hippies, yuppies have no sense of decadence, do not care about political and social issues, and only care about making money and pursuing a comfortable life. Elegant princess poetry means "young people who fail in the city"

Although they feel that their life is not as good as that of yuppies, they don't want to feel lost and swear to find their own home. Uncle Sam-Uncle Sam is a nickname and symbol of the United States.

Uncle Sam's English is Uncle Sam, and the abbreviation is America.

Just like the English abbreviation in America. But how did it become a nickname and symbol of America? The general saying is: 18 12. During the American-British War, there was a businessman (some people said he was an official) named Sam? Samuel Wilson (1776— 1854) is usually called Uncle Sam.

The United States bought his beef box with the American flag on it.

Words. People joke that these are all covered by u.

S. The boxes with words on them all belong to Uncle Sam.

Later, "Uncle Sam" became a nickname for the United States. 19 In the 1930s, American painters painted Uncle Sam as a lanky old man with a goatee, and his hat and trousers were marked with the Stars and Stripes.

-Black Friday-The word "black" comes from Good Friday. 1987101October19, the share price of new york stock market plummeted. Because it is Friday, it is called "Black Friday" in the stock market.

65438+1October 65438+1October 9, new york stock index generally fell sharply, exceeding the record of stock crash caused by the Great Depression on June 65438+1October 28, 1929. Shortly after the market opened that day, there was a frenzy of selling stocks. New york's stock market hit a record of 604.3 billion shares, causing heavy losses to several large American companies. The total stock value of 5,000 listed companies lost $500 billion in one day.

The stock prices of major financial markets around the world plummeted rapidly, causing great panic in the West. This stock price crash is the worst since the First World War and the biggest decline in Wall Street's history.

2. British and American cultural knowledge

One. (1) US currency

American currency consists of dollars and cents, and one dollar is equal to 100 cent. Its banknotes have denominations of one yuan, two yuan, five yuan, ten yuan, twenty yuan, fifty yuan and one hundred yuan; Coins have one cent (or a penny), five cents (or a nickel), ten cents (or a dime) and twenty-five cents (or a quarter). Adding $ before the number indicates US dollars, for example, $500 indicates US dollars; Add c after the number to indicate cents, for example, 50C indicates 50 cents; When the amount is expressed in dollars and cents, it is usually expressed in dollars, such as $6.50.

(2) British currency

British currency consists of pounds and pennies, and is also divided into notes and coins. The face value of paper money is five pounds, ten pounds, twenty pounds and fifty pounds; Coins, that is, metal money, include one penny, two pence, five pence, ten pence, twenty pence, fifty pence and one pound. If it refers to a certain number of coins, generally use piece, such as 2p (pieces); Coins you carry with you can be represented by small change. 1 00p equals1pound. Put \ before the number to indicate how many pounds, such as \800 is 800 pounds; Add p after the number to indicate how many pence, such as 5P for five pence (the plural of penny); When expressing the amount of money consisting of pounds and pence, we usually don't say pence. For example, 3 pounds and 50 pence can be said to be -3.50 or 3 pounds and 50 pence.

3. Common sense of British and American culture

One.

(1) American currency American currency consists of dollars and cents, and one dollar is equal to 100 cents. Its banknotes have denominations of one yuan, two yuan, five yuan, ten yuan, twenty yuan, fifty yuan and one hundred yuan; Coins have one cent (or a penny), five cents (or a nickel), ten cents (or a dime) and twenty-five cents (or a quarter).

Adding $ before the number indicates US dollars, for example, $500 indicates US dollars; Add c after the number to indicate cents, for example, 50C indicates 50 cents; When the amount is expressed in dollars and cents, it is usually expressed in dollars, such as $6.50. (2) British currency British currency consists of pounds and pennies, and is also divided into banknotes and coins.

The face value of paper money is five pounds, ten pounds, twenty pounds and fifty pounds; Coins, that is, metal money, include one penny, two pence, five pence, ten pence, twenty pence, fifty pence and one pound. If it refers to a certain number of coins, generally use piece, such as 2p (pieces); Coins you carry with you can be represented by small change.

1 00p equals1pound. Put \ before the number to indicate how many pounds, such as \800 is 800 pounds; Add p after the number to indicate how many pence, such as 5P for five pence (the plural of penny); When expressing the amount of money consisting of pounds and pence, we usually don't say pence. For example, 3 pounds and 50 pence can be said to be -3.50 or 3 pounds and 50 pence.

4. Common sense of English literature

Comparison of grammatical features of modal verbs can and able Comparison of may and may Comparison of have to and must can best show the usage of speculation. Modal verbs +have+ past participles should and may to best express the best and would rather express "will" and will. Comparison between modal verbs and to: need and dare negative sentences and common negative sentences (1) 1. Negative sentence with be verb: Rule: After be verb +not, in addition, is not can be abbreviated as Is't, Are Not can be abbreviated as weren't, and Was can be abbreviated as Wasn't.

2. modal verb negative sentence: rule: add +not after modal verb and abbreviate it if necessary. 3. Practice of negative sentences of action verbs: (1) The singular third person is the subject (he she it or the third person noun representing a single person or thing): Rules: add the auxiliary verb doesn't before the action verb, and then find the verb to restore its original shape.

(2) Others call it the subject: Rule: Add don before the action verb, and use the prototype in the sentence. Sentence pattern 1. The basic structure of verbs containing be: the present forms of be are am, is and are. (1) The subject is me, with am. (2) the subject is he, s he, is, a person's name or title (that is, the third person singular), using is. (3) The subject is plural or you, with.

2. The basic sentence pattern of the verb have: the predicate verb have indicates the possession of something, which is called the change of sum. When the subject is the first person (me, us), the second person (you), the third person plural (they are juxtaposed with other plural nouns as subjects, etc. ), use has, when the subject is a third person singular (he, she, it or a singular noun), use has. (1) affirmative sentence: subject +have/ you+object. (3) Affirmative sentence: subject+no/no+yes+object+other 3. Be structure: (1) be present tense is yes or yes, indicating yes.

There is a form of existence, followed by a place, that is, "what is somewhere." Some things are singular or uncountable.

Some mean that something is plural. (2)some, any is often used in there be sentence patterns, some generally means several or some in affirmative sentences, and any is generally used in negative sentences or general interrogative sentences.

(3) There are several kinds of people or things, and the first form shall prevail. (4) How many special problems are there? What's that ... 4. Imperative sentences are sentences used to express orders, requests or suggestions, called imperative sentences. The negative form of imperative sentence is to add Do not before it.

5. exclamatory sentences exclamatory sentences are sentences that express strong feelings such as emotions. The part emphasized by how or what+ and the rest of the statement.

6. Antisense interrogative sentences Antisense interrogative sentences mean that the questioner has certain opinions on the questions asked and the person who needs to answer them should confirm them. Its structure is generally two parts, the statement is in the front and the problem is in the back; If the front is a positive question, the back should be a negative question; And the front is the negative form; Secondly, the question of affirmation. 7. The present continuous tense indicates the action (the moment of speaking) that is going on or happening now.

There are three variants of the present participle of be(am/is/are)+ verb structure. The sentence pattern is: (1) affirmative sentence: subject +Am/Is/Are +v.ing(2) negative sentence: subject +am/is/are+not+v.ing(3). (1) When the subject is the first, second and third person plural, affirmative sentences: subject+verb prototype+other negative sentences: subject +don+ verb prototype+other general questions: Do+ subject+verb prototype+other? (2) When the subject in the third person is singular, the affirmative sentence: subject+verb (single three)+other negative sentences: subject +Does+ verb+other general questions: Does+ subject+verb+other? (3) There are four basic rules to change the third person singular of verbs.

(4) The structure of special interrogative sentences: special interrogative words+auxiliary verbs do/does+ subject+verb prototype+others? Imperative sentences and be sentence patterns (1) imperative sentences 1. Characteristics and composition of imperative sentences. (1) Imperative sentences are sentences that make requests, suggestions, orders, calls, etc.

(2) The subject of imperative sentences is often omitted, and the predicate verb in the sentence is placed at the beginning of the sentence, or please is used before the predicate, and please can also be placed at the end of the sentence. (3) Verbs in imperative sentences are usually followed by a preposition, which forms a fixed collocation and acts as a predicate in the sentence.

(4) Prototype verbs are used as predicates in imperative sentences. 2. The hierarchy and implication of imperative sentences (first-person imperative sentences) Example: (1) Original hierarchy: Please open your books. Please open your books.

Politeness level: Would you please open the book? Would you please open the book? Negative: Would you please not open the door? Would you please not open the door? (2) First-person imperative sentence Example: Let's read a book. Let's read this book. Negative: Don't read books. Let's stop reading.

Let me help you. Let me help you. Let me carry the box. Let me take this big box.

4. The negative form of imperative sentences: directly add Don't at the beginning of the sentence. Example: Don't throw it like that. Don't throw it like that.

Please don't open this box. Please don't open this box. (2)be sentence pattern 1. Sentence patterns are used in this sentence. Affirmative statement: (1) There is a picture on the wall. There are some hills in the picture. Negative statement: (1) There are no pictures on the wall. There are no hills in this painting. Question and short answer: (1) Are there any birds in those three rooms? Yes, there is. No, no. Are there any books on the desk? 2.there be sentence pattern analysis (1)there be sentence pattern means "you", there is a leading word, and be is a predicate verb.

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