Who are the famous historians in ancient times?

Sima Qian (145 BC - unknown), named Zichang, was born in Xia Yang (now south of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Historian and essayist of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Tan's son was appointed Taishi Ling. He was castrated for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and was later appointed Zhongshu Ling. He worked hard to complete the historical books he wrote, and was honored as Shi Qian, Tai Shi Gong and the Father of History by later generations. He created China's first biographical general history, "Shiji" (originally known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu"), based on his historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between heaven and man, understanding the changes of ancient and modern times, and forming a family story". It is recognized as a model of Chinese history books. This book records a history of more than 3,000 years from the Huangdi period in ancient legends to the first year of Yuanshou, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is the first of the "Twenty-Five Histories" and was praised by Lu Xun. "The historian's swan song, the rhymeless Li Sao".

2. Zuo Qiuming

Zuo Qiuming (about 502 BC - about 422 BC) was a native of Dujun. His surname was Qiu and his given name was Ming. He was named because his father was the historian of Zuo. Zuo Qiu Ming (As for Zuo Qiu Ming's name, due to the very limited records of Zuo Qiu Ming, the author of Zuo Zhuan, in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasty documents for a long time, scholars in the past dynasties have argued endlessly and have different opinions on the situation of Zuo Qiu Ming's name. Zuo Qiu Ming He is the founder of traditional Chinese historiography. Zuo Qiu Ming is regarded as the founder of Chinese historiography.

3. Ban Gu

Ban Gu (32 AD - 92 AD), named Meng Jian, was born in Fufeng Anling (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi Province). Ban Gu was a famous historian and writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty. As a historian, "Hanshu" is another important history book in ancient China after "Historical Records" and one of the "First Four Histories". Ban Gu is one of the "Four Masters of Han Fu". "Liangdu Fu" created an example of Kyoto Fu and was included in the first chapter of "Selected Works"; at the same time, Ban Gu was also a theorist of Confucian classics. He edited and compiled "White Tiger Tongyi" , which brought together the great achievements of Confucian classics at that time and made the theology of Zhenwei theorized and codified.

4. Chen Shou (233-297), whose courtesy name was Chengzuo of Brazil. A native of Han County (now Nanchong, Sichuan), he was a famous historian of the Shu Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty. He died of illness in the seventh year of Yuan Kang (297). In the first year of Taikang (280), Jin defeated Wu and ended the split. After ten years of hard work, Chen Shou completed the historical masterpiece "Three Kingdoms" in the form of biographies. This book completely describes the historical picture of China from division to unity in the past hundred years from the end of Han Dynasty to the beginning of Jin Dynasty. It is consistent with "Historical Records" and "Han Shu". , "Book of the Later Han" is also called the "First Four Histories"

5. Fan Ye

Fan Ye (398-445), named Weizong, was born in Shunyang (now Henan). Nanyang Xichuan), the great-grandson of Anbei General Fan Wang, the grandson of Fan Ning, the governor of Yuzhang, and the son of Fan Tai, the official of the Southern Song Dynasty, a historian and a writer. It is a collection of books with rigorous structure and dense diction. It is also called the "First Four Histories" along with "Historical Records", "Hanshu" and "Three Kingdoms"

6. Liu Zhiji

Liu Zhiji (661-721), named Zixuan, was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). He was promoted to Jinshi in the first year of Yonglong of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (680). In the second year of Chang'an (702), Wu Zetian began to serve as a historian and wrote daily notes. He successively served as Zuo Lang, Zuo Shi, Zuo Lang, Secretary Shaojian, Prince Zuo Shuzi, Zuo Sanqi Changshi, etc. In the third year of Chang'an, he wrote eighty volumes of "Book of Tang" with Zhu Jingze and others. From 705 to 707, he and Xu Jian and others compiled "Records of Empress Wu". In the first year of Xuanzong's Xiantian (712), he revised "Chronicles of the Clan" with genealogist Liu Chong and others, and completed it in the second year of Kaiyuan (714). There are 200 volumes of "Records of Surnames and Clan Genealogy". In four years, he and Wu Jing compiled 20 volumes of "Records of Ruizong", and revised 30 volumes of "Records of Zetian" and 20 volumes of "Records of Zhongzong".

7. Du You

Du You (735-812), courtesy name Junqing, was a politician and historian of the Tang Dynasty. Du You was born in the Du family in Jingzhao. He served successively as Jinan Army Joiner, Shan County County Magistrate, Runzhou Judicial Army Joiner, Host and Guest Officer Wailang, Fuzhou Governor, Rongguan Economic and Strategic Envoy, Jianghuai Water and Land Transport Envoy, Household Minister, Raozhou Governor, Lingnan Jiedu Envoy, Huainan Jiedu envoy and other positions. In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), Du You was promoted to Sikong and Tongping Zhangshi. Later, he went to worship Situ, served as a salt and iron envoy, and was granted the title of Duke of Qi. In the seventh year of Yuanhe (812), Du You took up the post of Taibao. He died of illness soon after and was given the posthumous title of An Jian as Taifu. Du You spent thirty-six years writing the 200-volume "Tongdian", creating a new genre of historical compilation and creating a precedent for Chinese historiography.

8. Sima Guang

Sima Guang (November 17, 1019 - October 11, 1086), whose courtesy name was Junshi and his nickname was Yuansou. Han nationality. A native of Sushui Township, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province), he is known as Mr. Sushui in the world. Politician and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. After Sima Fu, the king of Anping in the Western Jin Dynasty. Sima Guang presided over the compilation of Zizhi Tongjian, the first chronological general history in Chinese history. He served as an official in the four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong and Zhezong, and he reached the rank of Shangshu Zuopushe and also served as a minister. He was given the posthumous title Wenzheng by Grand Master Wen Guogong after his death. He was a gentle, humble, upright man; he worked hard and was diligent. He boasts that "when the day is insufficient, the night is followed". His personality can be regarded as a model under the teachings of Confucianism and has always been admired by others. Sima Guang wrote many works in his life, mainly "Collected Works of Wen Guowen Zheng and Sima Gong", "Ji Gu Lu", "Sushui Ji Wen", "Qianxu", etc.

9. Zhang Xuecheng

Zhang Xuecheng (1738-1801), formerly known as Wenbiao and Wenxi, with the courtesy name Shizhai and the nickname Shaoyan, was born in Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) in the Qing Dynasty. An outstanding historian and thinker of the era, the terminator of Chinese classical historiography and the founder of local chronicles, he is known as the "Leader of Eastern Zhejiang Historiography". Zhang Xuecheng lived a life of wandering and poverty, but he "wrote his works in the dust of traffic". He has majored in more than ten chronicles, including "Hezhou Chronicles", "Yongqing County Chronicles", "Bozhou Chronicles", "Hubei General Chronicles", etc., and created a complete set of examples for compiling chronicles. He also spent his whole life writing treatises such as "General Meanings of Literature and History", "General Meanings of Xiaoyu", and "Tongshi Kao", which summarized and developed ancient Chinese historical theories and had a profound impact on later generations. His "Tongyi of Literature and History" is as famous as "Tongshi" by Liu Zhiji of the Tang Dynasty, and is the "double gem" of ancient Chinese historical theory.

10. Ma Duanlin

Ma Duanlin (1254-1323), named Guiyu and Zhuzhou. A native of Leping, Raozhou (now Leping, Jiangxi). The son of Right Prime Minister Ma Tingluan, he was a famous historian during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. He was the author of "Tongkao of Documents", "Collected Notes of the University" and "Duoshilu". In order to seek ways to govern the country and bring peace to the people, he explored ways to understand the causes and reasons, and paid attention to flexibility and relaxation. Based on Du You's "Tongdian", he completed the "Tongkao of Documents", a work in the spirit of Mingbei. "Tongkao of Literature" is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese laws and regulations, with unique style, rich historical materials, substantial content and incisive comments.

11. Huang Zongxi

Huang Zongxi (1610.9.24-1695.8.12), Han nationality, was from Yuyao County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. His nickname is Taichong, his nickname is Debing, his nickname is Nanlei, and his nicknames include Lizhou Old Man, Lizhou Mountain Man, Lanshui Fisherman, Yucheng Cave Master, Shuangpu Dean, Ancient Tibetan Chamber Historian, etc. Scholars call him Mr. Lizhou. . He was a classicist, historian, thinker, geographer, astronomer and educator in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The eldest son of Huang Zunsu, the "Seven Gentlemen of Donglin". Together with Gu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi, they are known as the "Three Great Thinkers of the Late Ming Dynasty and the Early Qing Dynasty"; together with their brothers Huang Zongyan and Huang Zonghui, they are known as the "Three Huangs of Eastern Zhejiang"; together with Gu Yanwu, Fang Yizhi, Wang Fuzhi and Zhu Shunshui, they are known as the "Five Great Thinkers of the Late Ming Dynasty and the Early Qing Dynasty". , also known as the "Father of Chinese Ideological Enlightenment". Together with Li Yong from Shaanxi and Sun Qifeng from Rongcheng, Zhili, he is also known as one of the "Three Great Confucians in China". Huang Zongxi was extremely knowledgeable, profound in thought, and prolific in his writings. He wrote more than 50 kinds of works and more than 300 volumes in his life, among which the most important ones are "The Case of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty", "The Case of the Study of Song and Yuan Dynasties", "Records of Visits to the Ming Yi", "Mencius's Theory of Teachers", Burial system or question" etc.

12. Gu Yanwu

Gu Yanwu (1613.7.15-1682.2.15), Han nationality, was born in Qiandeng Town, Kunshan, Suzhou Prefecture (now Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province) in the south of the Ming Dynasty. His real name is Jiang, his nickname is Fanhan, his aliases are Jikun and Guinian, his courtesy name is Zhongqing and Ningren, and he is also signed as Jiang Shanmaid. After the defeat of Nandu, he changed his name to Yanwu because he admired the conduct of Wen Tianxiang's student Wang Yanwu. Because there is Tinglin Lake next to his former residence, scholars respect him as Mr. Tinglin. The outstanding thinkers, classics scholars, historians, geologist and phonologists of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties were together with Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi known as the "Three Great Confucians" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He became a great master in the early Qing Dynasty and was known as the "founder" of Qing Dynasty. Gu Yanwu was profound in knowledge and had studied the state system, county anecdotes, astronomical phenomena, rivers and canals, soldiers and peasants, hundreds of schools of classics and history, and phonological exegesis.