Why did the Qing Dynasty implement a haircut order?

According to the old Manchu custom, Han Chinese who surrendered must shave their hair according to Manchu custom to show their obedience. The rulers of Qing Dynasty attached great importance to it. As early as the Tiancong period, Huang Taiji repeatedly emphasized the implementation of the hair cutting policy in the expansion war.

In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), Dourgen led the Qing army into the customs, and he was busy issuing letters along the way, demanding that all surrendered Ming soldiers and civilians shave their heads.

After entering Beijing, he officially issued a decree, shaved his hair and changed his clothes. It is demanded that "all surrendered officials, soldiers and civilians should shave their heads and wear clothes of the Korean system."

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This order immediately aroused fierce opposition. Not only are there very few North Korean officials who have shaved their heads, but a large number of former Ming officials refused to work for the Qing Dynasty or fled the capital south because of this system. Seeing the unstable rule, Dourgen was worried that the weather would change dramatically. Only a month later, he had to stop executing the haircut order.

However, when the rule of the Qing dynasty gradually stabilized, Dourgen once again put forward the requirement of implementing a haircut order. Ironically, this proposal was put forward by China Minister Sun Zhixie.

/2938 1 f 30 e 924 b 89944 AE 68 f 06506 1d 950 b 7 BF 66 c？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 Sun Zhixie, born in Zichuan, Shandong Province, was a scholar during the apocalypse of Ming Dynasty. This man is corrupt and willful, and has never been famous in officialdom.

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Later, the Qing army entered the customs. In order to make a good impression on the new master, he became a traitor at the first time and became the first batch of Han officials who begged for mercy and surrendered. The Qing dynasty did not mistreat him and gave him the position of assistant minister.

In order to continue to climb, he shaved his head and put on Manchu clothes, not wanting to be despised by Han people and laughed at by Manchu people in court. In order to avenge the past, he wrote a memorial and suggested to the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty to shave off the hair of the Han people all over the country.

In the memorial, he hit the nail on the head and said a few words: "Your Majesty pacified the Central Plains, and everything was new, but the system of dressing and tying hair was unique to the Han Dynasty. Your Majesty did this in China, not China! "

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The Qing army captured Nanjing, and the Hong Guang court fell. Dourgen felt that the time was ripe, so he ordered Prince Yu at the front line to "shave his head everywhere, and those who don't follow him will engage in military law".

Later, he issued a decree to the Ministry of Rites, on the one hand explaining the reasons and necessity of implementing the haircut order, and on the other hand demanding that all soldiers and civilians in the country shave their hair.

The simple and rude policies of the Qing court aroused the serious resistance of the Han people in the south of the Yangtze River. On the one hand, this is naturally due to the fact that "parents dare not harm them", but on the other hand, it is also a kind of resistance to the rulers of the Qing Dynasty.

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At that time, there was a river of blood in Jiangnan. After the Qing army invaded Jiangyin City, men, women and children in the city rushed to throw water, throw fire and hang themselves to carry out the resistance to the end. The Qing army is also unambiguous. They killed for two days until they couldn't find anyone alive to seal the knife.

In Kunshan area, people used to be calm, but when their hair was shaved, people flocked to rebel. First, the local officials of the Qing army were killed, and then the government was burned. The Qing army sent people to suppress the massacre for three days, and the people in the city died miserably.

/ca 1349540923 DD 5425d 5b 6 a 0 da 09 B3 de 9d 824857？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85。 1645 At the end of July, more than 5,000 people of the Qing army marched into Jiading, raped, plundered and burned all the way. The Qing army attacked the gate of Jiading with artillery fire, and the people in the city could not escape, so they threw themselves into the river. For a time, the river stopped flowing.

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After these wanton massacres by the Qing army, people in most parts of the south of the Yangtze River surrendered and shaved their heads, claiming to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. The arrogance of resistance was finally suppressed under the murderous arrogance of the blood mountain. But the Han people at that time also recognized the true face of the Qing Dynasty.

Having said that, what is the traditional hairstyle of Manchu? According to the records in Qing Chao, it should be "style is like money".

The so-called "money style" is also called "suncus murinus tail style". According to the Qing Dynasty note "Rongcheng Story", "When shaving, only one hair as big as money is left and braided, which is called suncus murinus tail."

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In other words, the most standard shaving method should be to shave all the hair, leaving only a hair the size of a copper coin on the top of the head. If there is hair elsewhere, it is also against orders and must be beheaded. So why did the Qing court enforce the haircut order?

First of all, the population of Manchu is far less than that of Han nationality. When the Qing army entered the customs, there were only a few hundred thousand troops in the Eight Banners. Later, a large number of immigrants from outside the customs entered the customs, and the population was only over 500,000. At that time, the Han population had exceeded 1 100 million.

As conquerors, the Manchu people were worried that they could not govern the Han nationality smoothly, so they came up with a strange trick, that is, forcing the Han people to shave their Manchu hairstyles and wear Manchu clothes. In this way, it is impossible to distinguish Manchu from Han nationality in appearance, which ensures the safety of Manchu in ethnic minorities.

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Secondly, through the implementation of the haircut order, the Qing court found a large number of dissidents who were dissatisfied with the new regime and killed them mercilessly. The mainstay of the anti-Qing struggle was killed one after another, which made it impossible for Han people to organize and carry out effective anti-Qing struggle.

Third, shaving hair and changing clothes can control the Han people in the Central Plains culturally and enslave them ideologically and spiritually, thus maintaining the stability of the Qing Dynasty.

/c 9 fc C3 CEC 3 fdfc 030 f 02 f 270 df 3 f 8794 a5c 226 FB？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85。 Later history just proved this point. After more than 200 years of subtle influence, China people gradually got used to Manchu hairstyles and costumes.

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It should be noted that the braid image we see in film and television works at present actually appeared in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. As for Kangxi, Yongzheng and even Qianlong, the braids on their heads are all "suncus murinus tail" style.

The Qing court, which had just entered the Central Plains, needed to govern the Han people from the beginning. Only by changing the character of the Han people into their own customs can we be stable.