What are the ancient business experiences?

China people have a long business history and profound business culture. In the long-term business activities, they gradually developed the business strategy of "keeping secrets" of China businessmen, and summarized it as "the golden rule of doing business". Buy when it's cheap and sell when it's expensive. Representative: Bai Gui, the ancestor of Bai Gui, advocated: "Buy cheap, although expensive; If it is expensive, it will be expensive, although it is already expensive. " It is emphasized that businessmen should be good at catching business opportunities, grasping opportunities and buying and selling without losing time. The profit of business comes from the difference between buying and selling. Once you find the opportunity to buy and sell, you must "slam and slam" and make a decisive decision. While Wei Wen was waiting, China people paid attention to farming, but Bai Gui was optimistic about the changes of the times. When the harvest is good, he buys grain and sells silk paint. When silk came on the market, he bought a lot of silk and sold grain.

He once said: "I am resourceful in business, such as Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong;" Good at judgment, such as Sun Bin and Wuqi; Good at law enforcement, such as Shang Yang. Some people's wisdom can't improvise, their courage can't be decisive, their kindness can't be chosen properly, and their stubbornness can't stick to principles. Therefore, I will not teach such people to learn management from me. "

In this passage, his "punctuality" and "wisdom" in grasping the opportunity of buying cheaply and selling expensive are expounded incisively and vividly. Bai Gui's business principles and experience were praised by later businessmen.

With his own strategy, he studied the bud carefully, and even his family was tired. The representative figure of small profits but quick turnover: the great business theorists in the former Ran period thought that "expensive is cheap, cheap is expensive". Sima Qian once said, "Buy for three dollars, buy for five dollars cheaper", that is to say, greedy businessmen can only make a profit of 30%, and businessmen with small profits but quick turnover can make a profit of 50%.

According to "Biography of Li Yu", there are three businessmen dealing in the same commodity in the market together. One of them sold at a reduced price, and there were many buyers. They make a lot of money a year, while the other two refuse to sell at a reduced price, resulting in far less profit than the former.

Sean, the counselor of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, studied under Huang Shigong in his early years, selling scissors to people during the day and coming back to study at night. Later, he felt that he didn't have enough time to study, so he divided the scissors into three classes: upper, middle and lower. The price of first class is unchanged, the middle class is one penny less than the original price and the lower class is two pence less. As a result, it only took half a day. I sold twice as many scissors as usual, earned twice as much money and spent more time studying. Therefore, there is a folk proverb: Sean sells scissors at the same price. The representative of winning by knowing the land and making money by choosing the land: Fan Li's terrain is very important for combat.

Doing business is like fighting; The business world is like a battlefield.

Businessmen, such as generals who command thousands of troops, often occupy favorable terrain and eventually win the war. As a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Fan Li knew this well. From a strategist's point of view, he thinks that Tao Di is an ideal place for goods trade. So he chose Tao Di as the marketing point. Sure enough, in nineteen years, he became a rich man, and the reputation of "Tao Zhugong" gained a reputation from ancient times to the present, leaving his own name in history. After Qin destroyed Zhao, the immigration policy was implemented. At that time, many people bribed officials, refused to move and asked to stay where they were. Only the wealthy businessman Zhuo asked to move to the farther "Wenshan Xia". He took a fancy to the fertile land, rich products, simple folk customs, enthusiastic business residents and easy development.

A few years later, Zhuo became a well-known billionaire. The concept of "birds choose good habitats and merchants choose good fields" was accepted by later businessmen.

Yangzhou, Jiangsu, located in the north-south hub, has developed transportation, convenient water transportation and frequent cargo exchanges. Its fertile land is rich in tea, salt, silk and silk, and many businessmen come in droves. At one time, merchants gathered, and Qin merchants and Shanxi merchants set up businesses here. The famous Huizhou merchants started from here, dominated the rivers and lakes, developed to be comparable to Shanxi merchants, and finally controlled the top ten business gangs in China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and became "business leaders".

Collecting what you see is the representative of making money: Gou Jian, the king of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period; For the shame of national subjugation, he worked hard all day, and when he learned of the drought in Wu, he bought the grain of Wu. In the second year, Wu was short of food and the people lived in poverty. The hungry people were hungry and cold, and complained bitterly. Yue took the opportunity to arise and destroy Wu. Hard work pays off. The King of Yue eventually became the overlord and became one of the "Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period". Gou Jian, King of Yue, made great contributions here. His wealth is not a treasure, but the hegemony of the country and the world, and it is a successful example of the political application of the merchant's way.

"Jane Yizhi" contains: During the Song Dynasty, a fire broke out in Lin 'an City, which "damaged the fish pond". A businessman named Pei's shop caught fire, but instead of putting out the fire, he used money to lure people out of the city to buy bamboo tiles, reed rafters and other building materials. After the fire, everything was in a hurry, and building materials were in short supply in the market. At this time, Pei's businessmen took the opportunity to make a fortune, earning dozens of times the value of their stores and meeting the needs of the market and citizens.

Sharp observation and accurate judgment are the source of wealth for businessmen, and they are also one of the necessary abilities for businessmen. Carving red and carving green leaves a customer representative: Zheshang Zhang Wenju's "Yanjing Miscellanies" contains: "Shi Jing City Store always talks about the situation, carving red and carving green, embroidering golden windows."

Some shop signs are hung high, and colorful brocade lanterns are lit at the door of every house at night. Make the street look like daytime. Some shops display hanging goods, promote calligraphy and painting, and pretend to be famous people's calligraphy and painting, which is arty.

In order to sublimate the taste of the store and improve the customer's return rate. There are also some tea shops, restaurants and hotels that specially arrange musical instruments and tell stories to entertain guests. In the noodle restaurant of Zhang Wenju, a Zhejiang businessman from Beijing and Hangzhou in the Song Dynasty, as soon as the customer entered the store and sat down, the waiter immediately asked the customer what he needed, and the customer "asked for evidence from all sides" and the waiter "tried his best to direct the customer without making any mistakes". Operators have a deep understanding of luxury decoration, which reflects the strength of a store. Therefore, the store is designed with carved columns and painted buildings, antique and magnificent, catering to the consumption psychology of dignitaries and ladies as much as possible.

During the service, I greeted you with a smile and then went out to doze off. These respectful practices and noble and elegant decorations have made many customers "sit in the spring breeze" and "fall in love at first sight", thus staying and never paying attention to them again. A representative figure who is good at dancing with long sleeves and deep pockets: Han Feizi's Five Mistakes of Han Feizi said: "There is a saying:' Long sleeves are good at dancing, and deep pockets make things easy. "The emphasis here is on the word' good'. With sufficient funds, we must be good at using them, and the purpose of using them is also to make profits. Only when funds and commodities are in constant circulation can profits roll in, and when money and commodities are in circulation, business will live. For example, Shen Kuo in the Song Dynasty said: If the capital of 654.38+10,000 yuan is not turned over, it is "100,000 years old"; If trade flows and turnover accelerates, it will be "million dollars."

Sima Qian, the representative figure of making money by manipulating power, said in Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi: "The way to manage life is also right, and the rich must use power."

The book also lists Yong Bo, who sells oil, Zhang, who sells oars, and turbid meat products. They all got rich by mastering a skill and dealing in imported goods. So did the later "Zhang Xiaoquan Scissors Shop". In the Qing Dynasty, a Cao Shi businessman in Taigu County, Shanxi Province, one year saw sorghum grow with tall stems and big ears, which was very lush. However, he felt a little strange. When he looked at it, he broke a few roots and found that there were pests in the stem. So, he arranged a large number of acquisitions of sorghum overnight.

At that time, most people thought that a bumper harvest was in sight, so they sold a large number of adult sorghum.

Results Most of the sorghum was killed by pests when it was ripe, and the sorghum failed to harvest. Cao Shi businessmen, however, benefited from their ignorance. Representative of being prepared for danger in times of peace: The book of Stone Man says: "Be prepared for danger in times of peace, be prepared for danger in times of peace." At the end of the Qin Dynasty, a businessman in Shiren "cut corners" and asked his family not to drink or eat meat before the business was finished.

There is also a cloud in the records of ancient people's business and financial management: "Be diligent in business, not lazy, and laziness will waste everything; Spend money frugally, not luxuriously, luxury will exhaust your money. " It can be seen that businessmen are prepared for danger in times of peace, and diligence is the best. Pay attention to safety and don't forget the danger. Less happiness and more troubles will make business people enter a better place. Choose people and use them, guide them according to the situation, and be sincere to others: Dao Xian During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a businessman named Dao Xian in the State of Qi. Businessmen at that time were generally reluctant to hire people with flexible minds to do things. Only Tao has specially used such people, and given them rich rewards and full trust, so that they can do it boldly. These employees work very hard and well.

In the Ming Dynasty, there was a grocery store named Sun Chunyang in Suzhou, which was divided into north and south cargo rooms, sea cargo rooms, bacon rooms, sauce cargo rooms and candle rooms. "The ticket seller took a ticket from the counter and sent it to each room. The manager is responsible.

A summary every day and a big knot every year. For more than 200 years from the Ming Dynasty to the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, future generations still enjoyed their welfare, and none of them were called Dingdai. "In a place with many shops like Suzhou, Sun Chunyang's grocery store business can flourish for more than 200 years. The secret of its success is the sincerity of employing people and strict store rules. Guizhou businessman Hu Rong was ordered to do business in Jiangxi for more than 50 years. Because he was honest with others, childlike and famous, he went on strike in his later years and returned to his hometown. Someone asked him to "rent his name with a lot of money", but he flatly refused, saying, "If he is honest, why is he called by his name? It can be seen that "sincerity-oriented" is the traditional virtue of China people in doing business.