What are the advantages and disadvantages of the third-line scheme of South-to-North Water Transfer Project?

East Line, Advantages: The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal can be used as a water diversion channel with small investment and low construction cost. Disadvantages: the south section of the canal is high in the north and low in the east, which requires gradual water addition, high power consumption and high operating cost.

Middle line, advantages: the whole line can divert water along the terrain, and the operating cost is low. Human activities along the route have little pollution to the water environment. Disadvantages: Need to build new water diversion channels, with large investment, high cost and long construction period.

Advantages of the western line: the water quality in the upper reaches of the river is good. Disadvantages: it is necessary to build new water diversion channels, and tunnels need to be built through mountains, with large investment, high cost and long construction period.

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project is a major strategic project, which aims to divert part of the abundant water resources of the Yangtze River to North China and Northwest China, thus reversing the situation of flooding in the south and serious water shortage in the north. It aims to promote the coordinated development of economy, society, population, resources and environment in the north and south of China. Master Plan of South-to-North Water Transfer Project: Three water transfer routes are recommended: East, Middle and West. By connecting the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River and the Haihe River, the overall layout of four horizontal lines and three vertical lines is formed, thus promoting the rational allocation of water resources in China.

The significance of South-to-North Water Diversion can be divided into social significance and economic significance.

First, the social significance of solving the water shortage problem in the north; Improve the carrying capacity of water resources and improve the efficiency of resource allocation; Make the northern region gradually become a water-saving and anti-pollution society with reasonable water resources allocation and good water environment; It is beneficial to alleviate the restriction of water shortage on the urbanization development in northern China and promote the local urbanization process; The section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal from Jining to Xuzhou is open to traffic all year round, ensuring water supply. The two major commodity grain bases in western Shandong and northern Jiangsu have been consolidated and developed. Provide guarantee for the economic development in the north; Optimize the industrial structure and promote the strategic adjustment of the economic structure; Promoting potential productivity and economic growth by improving water resources; Expand domestic demand, promote harmonious development and increase GDP.

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project must coordinate and systematically manage water resources, water ecology and water environment. He said: "Whether it is water saving or water control, water resources should be regarded as a strict constraint." "From the political perspective of protecting the lifeline, we should ensure the safety of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, water supply and water quality, effectively improve the comprehensive benefits of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and achieve high-quality development." Scientifically promote the planning and construction of follow-up projects, help the high-quality development of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and benefit future generations.