Are the Japanese descended from China?

Yes, it is recorded in Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: In the twenty-eighth year of the first emperor (2 19 BC), Qin Shihuang led hundreds of civil and military officials to patrol Langya (now Langya Town, Jiaonan, Shandong Province) and said that there were three sacred mountains in the sea, named Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou, where immortals lived. Please fast and demand from thousands of children and men. "Qin Shihuang agreed to Xu Fu's request and sent him to lead thousands of boys and girls to the sea to seek elixir.

It is recorded in the same book that in the thirty-seventh year of the first emperor (2 10 BC), Qin Shihuang came to Lang Xun and met Xu Fu again. "Chui fook and others went to the sea to pray for medicine. Don't be a few years old for fear of being condemned. They lied: "Penglai medicine is available, but it is often attacked by big sharks, so it can't come." Please be good at shooting. Goodbye. Qin Shihuang believed Xu Fu's lies and sent Xu Fu to the sea to collect herbs for the second time, this time with a strong crossbow shooter.

Historical Records Biography of Hengshan Mountain in Huainan recorded a new situation. General Wu is talking with Liu An, the king of Huainan, about Xu Fu's going to sea to collect herbs. It is recorded in the book that Xu Fu said to Qin Shihuang: "I saw the Great God at sea and said,' Are you an evil envoy of the Western Emperor? I replied: Of course. What do you want? Yue: I want to ask for an elixir of life. God said: you have a gift from the king of Qin, and you can't accept it. That is, from the southeast to Penglai Mountain, I saw Zhicheng Palace Que, and there was a bronze dragon-shaped messenger who illuminated the sky. So the priest bowed again and asked, "What should I offer?" Poseidon said: "such a famous person can do it as long as he inspires his daughter to work hard." Xu Fu cheated Qin Shihuang. "Qin Shihuang was so happy that he sent three men and women to work, and all kinds of things were done." The Xufu plain is so wide that the king can't come. "This is the last time chui fook out to sea. Although it is different from the previous records, Sima Qian also made a truthful record. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Gu's Records of Sacrifice to the Han Suburb and Biography of Wu Bei both recorded Xu Fu's collecting herbs in the sea, which was basically consistent with the historical records except that the plain where Xu Fu went was changed to osawa in the plain.

Historical Records is based on the archival materials of the Qin Dynasty. Sima Qian was only 890 years away from the Xu Fu era. As an official, he followed Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to Langdai, Zhifu and Huangxian where Xu Fu was engaged in activities. Xu Fudong, mentioned in Sima Qian's conversation with Wu Bei in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, was the main writer of Huai Nan Zi, and his parents were contemporaries with Xu Fu. When Wu talked to Liu An, his parents were still alive. Sima Qian's account of Xu Fudong crossing the river is credible.

Jin Dynasty's Biography of the Three Kingdoms records that in the second year of Huanglong (AD 230), Sun Quan "sent generals Wei Wen and Ge Zhi to the sea to seek Yizhou and Yizhou. The elders in the sea rumored that Qin Shihuang sent alchemist Xu Fu to send thousands of men and women into the sea, begging Penglai Mountain for fairy medicine to prevent the mainland from returning. There are thousands of families in the world, and people on them sometimes go to Huiji to get cloth, and the savage in Huiji goes to the sea, and some people are moved to Yizhou by the wind. It is far away, it is impossible to get a pawn, but it is worth thousands of people in Yizhou. "Chui fook place has become a continent. I write, too. Yizhou is today's Taiwan Province Province, and Yizhou is far away from Yizhou, like today's Japan.

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Ye Fan in the Liu and Song Dynasties also recorded this passage in the History of the Three Kingdoms. Fan Zhen listed it after Japan, as if referring to Japan.

"Biography of Sui Shu to Japan" records: "In the fourth year of the great cause (AD 608), Wen sent Pei to Japan and spent a lot of money on Zhudao (an island southwest of Jindo, Jeollanam-do, South Korea), looking south at Rodin (Jeju Island, South Korea), passing through Tusima (Tsushima Island) and heading east to a country (today). And to the east of Qin, his people are in China, thinking that Yizhou is insoluble. " The state of Qin mentioned here seems to refer to the state established by Xu Fujian. Japanese scholars have different opinions about where this place is in Japan today: some think it is Anyizhi Rock Island in Hiroshima, some think it is Yamaguchi, and some think it is Qin Mansion in the west.

The earliest clear record of Xu Fu's arrival in Japan was Six Chapters of Yi Chu, a monk of the Five Dynasties. The book records: "Japan, also known as Japan, is in the East China Sea. In the Qin Dynasty, Xu Fu will stop in this country with 500 boys and 500 girls. Today, people like Chang 'an ... and thousands of miles away in the northeast, there is a mountain called Mount Fuji, also known as Penglai ... Xu Fu is no longer called Penglai, but all his descendants are called Qin. "Yi Chu had a friend, the Japanese monk Hirosuke. These things may be told by Hirosuke.

In the Song Dynasty, in the anthology of historians and writers Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang, there was a song "Song of Japanese Knife", which wrote: "It is said that its country lives on a big island and its soil is rich and beautiful. First, Xu Fu deceived Qin Min and collected herbs from Tong Lao, who had stayed for a long time. All kinds of work and food live with it, and the equipment is exquisite so far. " It also shows that Xu Fu is in Japan.

People in the Yuan Dynasty knew that there was Xufu Temple in Kumano, Japan. Wu Lai, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, once wrote a poem "Listen to Hakka in Xufu Temple in Xiongye": "In Guzhou on the coast of Daying, the rock Wan Ren is inserted into the stream. Xu Fu will die if he asks for immortality, but he is always worried about his son. "

There are many books about Xu Fudong's crossing the sea to Japan in Ming Dynasty. In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368), Zhu Yuanzhang summoned a Japanese monk and fled to Tianjin from the sea. The two men echoed each other and wrote a poem. The poem "Xufu Temple before XiongFeng Ye" is full of vegetation and rain. It is precisely because of the steady waves at sea that the good winds in Wan Li will return early. "Zhu Yuanzhang and the poem:" The blood in front of the bear eats the shrine, and the pine root amber is also fat; At that time, Xu Fu asked for an elixir, and he never came back until now. "The poem says that there is a Xufu Temple in front of Kumano Mountain in Japan. In the works of the Ming Dynasty, both Chen's Ming History and Liu Hongshu mentioned Xu Fu's future.

In the Qing Dynasty, Japanese diplomats in China, such as Huang Zunxian, Li Shuchang and Xue Fucheng, visited Xu Fu's tomb and shrine in Japan and wrote poems to record these things.

At the beginning of this century, Chinese, Japanese and Korean scholars made a lot of research on the history of Qin and Han dynasties and the history of maritime traffic. According to the archaeological data of underground cultural relics, people are generally sure whether Xu Fu has arrived in Japan. Lv Simian, Fan Wenlan, Lv Zhenyu, Gu Jiegang and Yang Kuan all described and commented on Xu Fu's way of seeking immortality in their respective works. Ma also made a biography of Xu Fu in history. In the book History of Qin and Han Dynasties, Jane Bozan said: "At that time, businessmen from coastal areas went to the sea to look for Sanshen Mountain in an attempt to open up commercial channels with the Japanese archipelago."

However, some people doubt the legend of Xu Fudong crossing Japan. They think that the history books of Han and Tang dynasties did not specify the whereabouts of Xu Fudong crossing the river. Why did people in the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty mention Japan? And later became more specific, making people doubt its authenticity. Japanese history books "Historical Records" and "Japanese Ministers" are also not recorded. The latter quoted a lot of Historical Records, Hanshu and The History of the Three Kingdoms, except Xu Fudong. Many Japanese students who came to China in the Tang Dynasty didn't mention it. (Historical Facts and Rumors of Shao Yan and Xu Fudong Crossing the River), in Knowledge of Literature and History, No.9, 1982)

Since 1950s, scholars from Japan, South Korea, Taiwan Province Province, Hongkong and other countries and regions have made investigations and studies on Xu Fudong's crossing, and achieved considerable results. 1950 A book titled "The Founding Examination of Xu Fu in Japan", a mainland scholar who went to Taiwan in Hong Kong, was translated into Japanese and published in Japan on 1977 with the title "Emperor Jimmu-The Mystery of the Legend of Xu Fu". The book Xu Fuzhi's Founding and His Thoughts, written by the late president of the Shinomiya Hsu Fu Hui in Japan, also points out that Xu Fu is "the founding ancestor of the Japanese nation". Taiwan Province scholar Peng also participated in this research. He visited Japan for many times to inspect the remains and legends of Xu Fu, and published many monographs such as Xu Fu is Emperor Jimmu and Xu Fu Research. (Peng's Study on Xu Fu, Taiwan Miaoli Fuhui Book Publishing House, 1984 edition, while Xu Fu is Emperor Jimmu, 1973 edition).

In Japan, equivalent to the Song and Yuan Dynasties in China, there were Chuifu Temple and Chuifu Tomb in Kumano, Japan. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty in China, that is, A.D. 1279, Zen master Zuyuan, a famous monk in China, went to Japan. He wrote a poem for Xu Fu's tomb: "Mr. Wang didn't return from collecting medicine, so his country was a few degrees; Today's incense travels thousands of miles, and the old monk has come to avoid Qin. "

The earliest record of Xu Fu's legend in Japan was Jade Emperor Daotong, written in North China in A.D. 1339. The oral legend of Xu Fu's arrival in Japan predates the written records. Five years after the Emperor of Japan extended his reign (AD 928), Hirosuke, a Japanese monk, came to China five generations later, that is, he talked with the first monk about Xu Fu's trip to Japan to collect medicines. Later Japanese books recorded Xu Fudong's trip to Japan, including Biography of Different Names in Japan by Matsushita, Collected Works of Lin Luoshan, Wentong General Examination by Junmei Xinjing, Geographical Records of Japanese Places of Interest by Nozo Noguchi and Japanese History by Takagu Xu. "Saga City Cultural Relics" records: Jinli Shrine keeps a picture of the origin of Xu Fu crossing the sea, which was painted by a famous local painter in the fifth year of Bao Zheng (AD 1648) and dedicated to the shrine.

Both Xu Fuzhi's Tomb and Xu Fuzhi's Temple are located in Shinto Palace in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. The Na Zhi Shrine in Na Zhi-CHO, Dongmoulou County, Wakayama Prefecture, is also known as Fushoumei Shrine. Beauty is the homonym of "Zhu Fu", and Zhu Fu is Xu Fu's residence. Shinomiya used to be called Cuifu Town, but now shops named after Cuifu can be seen everywhere in Shinomiya City. According to Japanese legend, Xu Fu once lived here, bringing advanced technologies such as mulberry planting, sericulture, textile, fishery, rice planting, metal tool manufacturing and advanced China culture from China. He is revered by the Japanese people, and is regarded as the god of agriculture (the god of ploughing), the god of sericulture (the god of textile) and the god of medicine (the king of medicine). Xu Fu Preservation Society was founded in 19 15 by officials of the Shinto Palace, social dignitaries and citizens from all walks of life. 193 1 year, Xu Fu Deeds Expo was established, and various commemorative activities are held every year. Xu Fuhui was founded in 1955, and Xu Fuhui's grave-sweeping sacrifice is held every year. In addition to local citizens, there are more than 1 10,000 Chinese from all over Japan and overseas. 1 September 9821,and a monument was built in the city to commemorate the 2200th anniversary of Xu Fudong crossing the river. 1994, Xufu Park was established in the city.

Saga Prefecture in Kyushu also has a Gionee shrine dedicated to Xu Fu. And chui fook's landing site. In the fifth year of Showa (1930) and the fifty-fifth year of Showa (1980), Saga City held the Xufu Festival twice, which was the largest festival in the history of Saga. Famous shrines in Kyoto Prefecture and Xie Jun are also dedicated to Xu Fu. There are stories and relics of Xu Fuchuan in Yamanashi, Hotan, Hiroshima, Aomori, Akita and Aichi counties in Japan. In Japan, there are more than 100 Xu Fu's remains. In the fifty-fourth year of Showa (1979), Japan Qianguang Society published books such as Yamamoto Jigang's "Xu Fudong's Coming to Test" and "Xu Fudong's Folk Belief Rooted in Japan".

In recent years, academic circles at home and abroad have attached great importance to the study of Xu Fu. At present, the researchers engaged in Xu Fu research are not limited to China, Japan and South Korea, but also extended to Southeast Asia and parts of Europe and America, which has become an international research topic this year.

Since 1985, Xu Fu Research Association and Xu Fuqian Children's Association have been established in Lianyungang, Suzhou, Longkou, Jiaonan, Hebei and Zhejiang. 1993, China international chui fook cultural exchange association and China chui fook society were established in Beijing. Lianyungang City, Longkou City, Jiaonan City, Suzhou City, Hebei Yanshan and other places have successively held Xu Fudong's academic research conferences, published 20 papers and monographs by Yu Ben, and published more than 500 reports and articles on Xu Fu's research in national and provincial newspapers. Longkou City has held nine consecutive cultural festivals of Xufu's hometown, and Ganyu County, Lianyungang City has also held several cultural festivals of Xufu, which attracted people from all walks of life in economy, culture and society at home and abroad and became a grand large-scale investment promotion conference.

Xufuhui was established in Hongkong in the 1950' s, and the Xu clan association was also established in Taiwan Province province. Hsu Fu Hui has long been established in Jeju Island, South Korea. Saga Prefecture, Shinomiya City, Wakayama Prefecture, Tokyo, Osaka Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture, etc. Xu Fuhui or Xu Fu Research Association was also established. The Xu Fuhui Society in Japan was also founded in Tokyo by 199 1, and they also published dozens of monographs and various periodicals on Xu Fu's research. China International Chui Culture Exchange Association 5438+0997+ 10 organized a delegation to visit Chui Site in Japan and South Korea. The large-scale opera "Xu Fu" performed by Shandong Song and Dance Theatre won the "Wenhua Award" from the Ministry of Culture. All these indicate that Xu Fu's research has entered a new stage.

From the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty, the two nations of China and Japan began various contacts. Historically, Japanese economy and culture have been influenced by China. The legend of Xu Fudong crossing the river was born under such a background.

Xu Fudong's crossing is an important subject involving history, archaeology, folk literature, folklore, religion, nationality, navigation, Chinese-foreign exchanges and other disciplines, which constitutes a unique cultural phenomenon. In the current international environment of peace and development, it is a glorious and sacred mission entrusted to us by history and times to study Xu Fu and Xu Fu culture extensively and deeply, carry forward excellent national culture, strengthen cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, enhance unity and friendship, and promote the development and perfection of * * *.

Xu Fu has made great contributions to the cultural exchanges between China, Japan and South Korea. Both Japan and South Korea are members of the cultural circle in China, and today the remains of Japanese culture, Korean culture and China culture are still very heavy. In the history of cultural exchange between China, Japan and South Korea, Xu Fu is a pioneer. Some Japanese people regard Xu Fufeng as their ancestor and consider themselves descendants of immigrants from China.

Today, Xu Fu is still the link between the people of China, Japan and South Korea, especially the people of China and Japan. With the further development of economic and cultural exchanges between China, Japan and South Korea, the role of this bond will become more and more important. Studying Xu Fu and Xu Fu's culture, inheriting and developing their precious historical heritage will also be conducive to further promoting economic and cultural exchanges between China, Japan and South Korea and other East Asian countries and regions. (Ann, Reflections on Xu Fu Culture, included in Xu Fu Culture Integration and Reflection, Shandong Friendship Publishing House, 1996 edition)